Flexural Behaviour of High－Strength Steel Fiber－Reinforced Concrete Beams

This paper presents the research results of twelve high strength concrete beams reinforced with steel fibers and bars. Fiber type I and II reduce the deflection by more than 25% and increase the ultimate load by about 10% compared to high strength concr

Characteristics of Crack Growth in High Performance Concrete Subjected to Fire

An experimental investigation was conducted to identify the characteristics of crack growth in high performance concrete (HPC) subjected to fire, including two parts of work, i.e. crack growth resistance determinations and cracking observations, using concrete of three strength grades 40 MPa, 70 MPa, and 110 MPa. The crack growth resistance curves (R-curves ) of HPC subjected to high temperatures were determined using notched three-point bend beam specimens of 100 mm×100 mm×300mm. The R-curve (crack growth resistance curve) flattening shows that the crack growth resistance has been significantly reduced by elevated temperature. Concrete with a higher strength grade has a steeper R-curve, with a higher fracture toughness but a shorter critical crack growth. The shorter critical crack growth means that concrete of a higher strength grade has a more brittle behavior. The concrete cracking observations reveal that the consequences of rapid heating are quite different from those of slow heating. For slow heating at a rate of 0.5℃/min, HPC suffered no obvious cracking below 600℃ even if it had a high moisture content. Explosive spalling is an extreme case of the internal cracking driven mainly by vapor pressure. All these results confirmed the vapor pressure mechanism for spading behavior which should be more significant for denser concrete. The crack growth ranges obtained from the R-curve determination results are in good agreement with those measured in the concrete cracking observations.

Anti-Crack Performance of Low-Heat Portland Cement Concrete

The properties of low-heat Portland cement concrete（LHC） were studied in detail. The experimental results show that the LHC concrete has characteristics of a higher physical mechanical behavior, deformation and durability. Compared with moderate-heat Portland cement（MHC）, the average hydration heat of LHC concrete is reduced by about 17.5%. Under same mixing proportion, the adiabatic temperature rise of LHC concrete was reduced by 2 ℃-3 ℃,and the limits tension of LHC concrete was increased by 10× 10^-6-15×10^-6 than that of MHC. Moreover, it is indicated that LHC concrete has a better anti-crack behavior than MHC concrete.

Preparation of High Impermeable and Crack-resistance Chemical Admixture and Its Mechanism

A kind of high impermeable and crack-resistance chemical admixture ( HICRCA) was prepared , which is a compound chemical admixture composed of an expansion ingredient, density ingredient, and organic hydrophobic poreblocking ingredient. The results of the experiments indicate that the addition of HICRCA improves mortar and concrete in the following performances: (1) perfect workability: slump is more than 22cm, theslump afar 3h is about 16cm; (2) high impermeability:for the mortar, the pervious height under a water pressure of 1.5MPa is 1.5cm,for the concrete, the pervious height under a water pressure of 5.0MPa is 2. 2cm;(3) high crack-resistance: there is a micro-expansion at the age of 90d; (4) high compressivestrength: compared with the controlled concrete, the compressive strengths at the age of 3d and 2Sd are improved by 66.4% and 62.0% , respectively. At the same time, the effects of different curing condition on mortar and concrete expansive andshrinkage performance were studied. In addition, the impermeable and crack-resistance mechanism, was investigatedin the present paper.

Multi-powder dam concrete with high performance and low adiabatic temperature rise

Based on the fluidity, strength, heat of hydration and loop crack resistance experiment of multi-powder paste, the components and proportion of multi-powder were optimized and the concrete properties were studied. The multi-powder consists of limestone powder, slag, fly ash and moderate heat Portland cement (PMH cement). The results show that the compressive strength of the multi-powder paste and mortar is close to those of PMH cement, fly ash paste and mortar currently used in dam concrete, yet the flexural strength is relatively higher. The multi-powder paste is featured by larger fluidity, lower heat of hydration and delayed cracking time. In comparison, less unit water consumption and cement is used in multi-powder concrete, and under premise of equal mechanical performance, deformation, thermal performance and durability, the adiabatic temperature rise at 28 d is reduced by 2 ℃. In this way, the crack resistance is improved and it is feasible both technically and economically to produce HPC for dam concrete.

Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Elevated Temperature

Apart from many advantages,High Strength Concrete(HSC)has disadvantages in terms of brittleness and poor resistance to fire.Various studies suggest that when polypropylene(PP)fibers are uniformly distributed within concrete,they play an active role in improving spalling resistance of concrete when exposed to elevated temperature while having no adverse effect on its mechanical properties.Therefore,there is a necessity to quantify the effect of the addition of polypropylene fibers in terms of the fiber dosage,the strength of the concrete,and the residual mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete under exposure to high temperature from fire.The study was carried out on three water/cement(w/c)ratios(0.47,0.36&0.20)using granite aggregate for determining short term mechanical properties of Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete in comparison to control mix.The experimental program includes 100×200 mm&150 x 300 mm cylinders with fiber volume of 0.5%,that were subjected to temperatures exposures of 400°C and 600°C for durations of 1 hour.From the results,it was observed that no significant enhancement in mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity,Poisson’s ratio,split tensile strength,flexural strength,and compressive strength was observed at room temperature and at elevated temperatures.

Critical crack tip opening displacement of different strength concrete

Critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) of concrete using experimental and analytical evaluation with seven different compressive strengths ranging from 30 up to 150 MPa was studied based on two types of fracture tests:three-point bending (TPB) and wedge splitting (WS).In the tests,the values of CTODc were experimentally recorded using a novel technique,in which fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used,and two traditional techniques,in which strain gauges and clip gauges were deployed.The values of CTODc of tested concrete were also predicted using two existing analytical formulae proposed by JENQ & SHAH and XU,respectively.It is found that the values of CTODc obtained by both experimental measurements and analytical formulae exhibit a negligible variation as the compressive strength of concrete increases,and the test geometry adopted has little impact on the value of CTODc.Regarding the experimental measurement of CTODc,the clip gauge method generally leads to a larger value of CTODc and shows a more significant scatter as compared with the other two methods,while the strain gauge method leads to a slightly lower CTODc as compared with the FBG sensor method.The analytical formula proposed by JENQ and SHAH is found to generally lead to an overestimation,while the analytical formula proposed by XU shows a good accuracy.

建筑工程混凝土裂缝分析与纤维混凝土应用评述

建筑工程的快速发展导致混凝土的抗裂控制成为复杂而持久的挑战。利用不同纤维的优势属性补偿素混凝土的性能缺陷,提高混凝土的抗裂性能,是目前一种经济有效的手段。文章首先对建筑工程混凝土裂缝的类型及成因进行了深入分析,在此基础上详细阐述了不同纤维增强混凝土的特点,对其增强效果进行了对比分析,最后给出了纤维混凝土的发展建议,希望能为纤维增强混凝土的发展与应用提供借鉴。

简支变结构连续小箱梁桥负弯矩区UHPC-NC组合桥面板抗裂性研究

针对当前简支变结构连续小箱梁桥负弯矩区钢束易堵孔、运营中桥面开裂病害等问题,提出一种无负弯矩钢束的UHPC-NC组合桥面板结构。以一座3×30 m简支变结构连续小箱梁桥为研究对象,以正常使用极限状态梁体不开裂为控制准则确定UHPC合理构造尺寸,对所提出的负弯矩组合桥面板结构进行1∶2的缩尺模型试验。试验显示:裂缝首先出现于UHPC-NC交界面处的普通混凝土部分,随后逐渐向UHPC层沿伸,且C50混凝土开裂、梁体破坏对应的截面弯矩分别为3 520,9 152 kN·m(考虑1∶8弯矩缩尺比),大于正常使用极限状态、承载能力极限状态梁体截面弯矩3 300,5 838 kN·m,即该组合桥面板结构满足小箱梁的抗裂与承载能力要求。基于试验结果建立精细化有限元模型,采用参数分析法研究UHPC厚度对梁体开裂荷载、极限承载力等方面的影响。结果表明:梁体开裂弯矩主要由UHPC上覆层厚度决定,相较于普通钢筋混凝土梁,5 cm厚的UHPC上覆层可将梁体开裂弯矩提高28.9%,7.5 cm厚的UHPC上覆层可将梁体开裂弯矩提高41.6%;在配筋率不变的情况下,增大UHPC层厚度对梁体承载力无显著提升。综合考虑梁体受力性能以及施工便利性,建议背景工程UHPC厚度取10 cm。

不同类型钢纤维UHPC无腹筋梁受剪性能试验

基于单点加载下4根超高性能混凝土无腹筋梁构件受剪破坏试验结果,研究其受剪性能,以钢纤维类型为主要研究参数,分析钢纤维类型对无腹筋梁的受剪承载力、裂缝发展形态、挠度和韧性等发展规律。结果表明:端钩型钢纤维对提高超高性能混凝土无腹筋梁的受剪承载力、阻滞裂缝发展及控制试件变形能力作用优于光滑平直型和波浪型钢纤维,而端钩型Ⅱ钢纤维优于端钩型Ⅰ钢纤维;端钩型Ⅰ和光滑平直型钢纤维增韧效果较好,但分担纵筋拉力较少;波浪型钢纤维分担纵筋拉力较多,提高超高性能混凝土无腹筋梁抗裂性的效果较好,但增韧效果较差。经对比分析,陈璇公式计算值精确度较高,离散程度小。

部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁抗裂性能

为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的抗裂性能,开展了4根不同钢纤维掺量的部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁与1根部分充填式窄幅钢箱-NC组合梁静力加载试验。试验表明:在负弯矩作用下,部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁裂缝呈现数量多、短小且密集的特点;同等配筋率的条件下,不同钢纤维掺量(0、1%、2%和3%)部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁与部分充填式窄幅钢箱-NC组合梁相比,在弹性阶段其刚度明显提高,最大裂缝宽度随钢纤维掺量的增加而减少,开裂强度分别提高了36.0%、48.8%、82.0%和112.0%,UHPC显著提高了组合梁的抗裂性能;可以参考按照JTG 3362—2018中裂缝宽度式乘以0.8的修正系数来计算部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁裂缝宽度。

混杂网格增强超高性能混凝土双向板的弯曲性能

网格增强超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)具有轻质、高强、耐久性好等特性,已应用于薄壁结构和工程加固领域,但单一网格很难实现高效的增强增韧效应.为研究混杂网格增强UHPC双向板的抗弯性能,对3个钢丝网格与玻璃纤维网格混杂增强UHPC板、3个钢丝网格与玄武岩纤维网格混杂增强UHPC板、6个单一网格增强UHPC板和1个无网格UHPC对照板进行弯曲试验,研究网格种类、总层数及铺层方式对其破坏形态、承载能力和弯曲韧性的影响.结果表明:与单一钢丝网格板和单一玻璃纤维网格板相比,钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板开裂后表现更显著的硬化现象,在连续网格与混杂短纤维协同效应下,板呈现多裂缝破坏模式,延性较理想.铺设2层网格时,钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板的承载能力较单一钢丝网格板提升23.7%,且其在20 mm挠度处的残余承载力较单一玻璃纤维网格板提升28.2%;钢-玄武岩纤维网格混杂板峰前阶段的能量吸收值和20 mm挠度处的残余承载力均优于单一玄武岩纤维网格板.网格总层数为3层时,与单一玄武岩纤维网格板相比,2层钢丝网格与1层玄武岩纤维网格混杂增强板在峰前挠度为2 mm时的能量吸收值提高了21.6%,20 mm挠度处的残余承载力提高了42.6%.钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板的网格强度利用率最理想,其承载能力、能量吸收值及弯曲韧性指标均高于钢-玄武岩纤维网格混杂板.最后,考虑网格强度有效利用率建立了混杂网格增强UHPC双向板抗弯承载力理论公式,适用性良好.

UHPC抗冲击性能的试验研究

抗冲击性能是混凝土结构重要技术特征。针对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)抗冲击性能,采用不同掺量的钢纤维和橡胶颗粒,试验研究了钢纤维和橡胶掺量对UHPC的工作性能、强度和抗冲击性能的影响,并对钢纤维和橡胶颗粒掺量对UHPC的影响机理进行了分析。试验研究结果表明:随着钢纤维掺量的增加,UHPC的坍落度和扩展度均不断降低,含气量增大,强度和抗冲击性能明显增大,钢纤维可有效提高UHPC的抗冲击性能,掺量宜控制在3%之内;随着橡胶颗粒掺量的增加,UHPC的抗压强度不断降低,但坍落度、扩展度、抗折强度及抗冲击性能呈现先增大后降低趋势,掺入适量的橡胶颗粒可有效提高UHPC的抗折强度和抗冲击性能,掺量宜控制在10%之内。通过采用钢纤维和橡胶颗粒,可配制出抗冲击性能良好的UHPC。

玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱轴压试验研究

为研究玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的轴压性能,设计了6个不同长细比的试件并对其进行了轴心受压试验,分析了其破坏过程及破坏形态、承载力、位移、荷载-位移曲线、骨架曲线、荷载-应变曲线。研究表明:玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束混凝土柱轴压承载性能优异,随着长细比的减小,试件的轴压承载力提升显著;加载后期,该组合结构的破坏模式为玻璃纤维增强聚合物管发生环向破坏,内部混凝土被压溃;玻璃纤维增强聚合物空管轴压承载力相对较低,破坏时脆性特征明显;随着长细比的减小,玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的承载力和刚度逐步增加,长细比对结构的承载能力影响显著。研究结果对玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的理论研究和工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土抗渗性能试验研究

为探究钢纤维掺量、聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维掺量和矿粉掺量对钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土(HFHPC)抗渗性能的影响,本文开展了钢-PVA HFHPC抗渗性能试验,并对试验结果进行了极差分析、方差分析和回归分析。结果表明:对HFHPC抗渗性能的影响程度从高到低依次为钢纤维、矿粉和PVA纤维。在试验水平范围内,得出混凝土试件抗渗性能最佳水平组合:钢纤维体积掺量1.0%、PVA纤维体积掺量0.7%、矿粉质量取代率20%。当钢纤维掺量超1.0%时,HFHPC抗渗性能略有下降,但仍高于基准素混凝土。最后采用多元回归分析,建立了HFHPC渗透系数与钢纤维、PVA纤维和矿粉的预测模型。

大盾构工作井侧墙自密实高抗裂混凝土配制及关键技术研究

针对工作井侧墙混凝土浇筑施工工况复杂的特点,从混凝土工作性能、力学性能、变形性能及现场施工方法等方面开展高抗裂自密实混凝土的配制与应用关键技术研究。结果表明,研制的高抗裂自密实混凝土具有优异的流动性能与体积稳定性能,可满足大直径盾构工作井侧墙复杂工况下的浇筑施工,通过控制混凝土下料高度、入模温度及模板侧压力等系列工艺,有效解决了大直径盾构工作井侧墙易渗漏的难题,具有显著的经济及社会效益。

高温与冷却方式对纤维混凝土影响研究

研究了高温对玻璃-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土的影响,对比了不同的冷却方式对混凝土强度的影响,基于试验结果分析了高温损伤机理和纤维增强机理。研究表明:喷水冷却对混凝土强度损伤大,玻璃纤维和聚丙烯纤维混掺掺量分别为0.4%和0.1%时,能够显著提高混凝土的耐火性能,在400℃下,自然冷却时,抗压和抗折强度较基准组分别提高了15.3%和30.9%;喷水冷却时,抗压和抗折强度较基准组分别提高了21.3%和30.3%。

玄武岩纤维表面改性对混凝土力学性能的影响

用偶联剂KH550与纳米SiO_(2)协同改性玄武岩纤维(BF),研究了BF表面改性对玄武岩纤维混凝土(BFRC)力学性能的影响.结果表明:经KH550与纳米SiO_(2)改性后,BF表面出现了C—H键,且Si—O—Si键对应的振动峰变强;当纳米SiO_(2)用量为BF质量的3%时,BF形貌变化最为明显,此时改性BFRC的力学强度及抗裂性能均高于普通BFRC;在KH550的桥联作用下,纳米SiO_(2)可有效增强纤维与混凝土基体的黏结强度,进而提高BFRC的力学强度和抗裂性能.

带波形钢板的UHPC免模板湿接缝抗弯模型试验研究

针对预制装配式桥梁中桥面板湿接缝处的受力特点和现有接缝构造形式,提出一种以预埋波形钢板为底模的超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)免模板湿接缝构造形式,解决接缝现场支模问题。为研究新型接缝的力学性能,设计了5片试验梁,以钢纤维含量为试验参数,开展四点弯曲全过程抗弯性能试验。结果表明:各试验梁主裂缝均位于预制段,发生弯曲破坏,接缝段未产生较大破坏;提高钢纤维含量可以增强UHPC-NC(Normal Concrete)界面黏结,提升接缝的抗裂性能,但对结构的抗弯承载力影响较小;钢纤维含量为1.0%的免模板接缝梁抗裂性能仅次于UHPC整体梁,同时具有结构简单、施工简化、造价经济等优点,说明该接缝构造形式运用于实际工程中是可行和可靠的;UHPC钢纤维含量建议取1.0%。

混杂纤维对混凝土抗裂性能的影响研究

为探究混杂纤维对混凝土抗裂性能影响,利用超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维弹模大、韧性好的优势来阻碍混凝土内部裂缝的扩展和宏观裂缝的形成,利用钢纤维抗拉、抗弯、抗剪性能好的优势来提高混凝土抗裂性能。测试了2种纤维掺量以及单掺、复掺方式下混凝土的干燥收缩率及早期抗裂性能。结果表明:UHMWPE纤维与钢纤维复掺时,混凝土干燥收缩性能最优的纤维掺量为0.2%,且钢纤维占比为75%时,28 d开裂收缩率较基准组降低了60.7%,总体降低率低于单掺纤维混凝土;复掺和单掺纤维对混凝土抗裂性能均有明显提升,复掺时效果最优,几乎没有裂缝产生。