Preventive effect of regional radiotherapy with phosphorus-32 glass microspheres in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after hepatectomy

AIM: To evaluate the preventive effects of phosph-orus-32 glass microspheres (P32-GMS) in the recurrence of massive hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) after tumor resection. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with massive HCCs received local P32-GMS implantation after liver tumors were removed,while the other 38 patients with massive HCCs were not treated with P32-GMS after hepatectomies. The radioactivity of the blood,urine and liver were examined. The complications,HCC recurrence and overall survival rates in the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: P32-GMS implanted in the liver did not cause systemic absorption of P32. There were no significant differences of postoperative complications between the patients with and without P32-GMS treatment. The short-term (six months and 1 year) and long-term (2,3 and over 3 years) recurrence rates in patients who received P32-GMS radiotherapy were signifi cantly decreased,and the overall survival rates in this group were signifi cantly improved. CONCLUSION: P32-GMS implantation in the liver can significantly decrease the postoperative recurrence and improve the overall survival in HCCs patients after hepatectomy. This therapy may provide an innovative method in prevention of HCC recurrence after operation.

Research on properties of hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin composites applied in deep rock in-situ temperature-preserved coring

Deep petroleum resources are in a high-temperature environment.However,the traditional deep rock coring method has no temperature preserved measures and ignores the effect of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,which will lead to the distortion of the petroleum resources reserves assessment.Therefore,the hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin(HGM/EP)composites were innovatively proposed as temperature preserved materials for in-situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring),and the physical,mechanical,and temperature preserved properties were evaluated.The results indicated that:As the HGM content increased,the density and mechanical properties of the composites gradually decreased,while the water absorption was deficient without hydrostatic pressure.For composites with 50 vol%HGM,when the hydrostatic pressure reached 60 MPa,the water absorption was above 30.19%,and the physical and mechanical properties of composites were weakened.When the hydrostatic pressure was lower than 40 MPa,the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of composites were almost unchanged.Therefore,the composites with 50 vol%HGM can be used for ITPCoring operations in deep environments with the highest hydrostatic pressure of 40 MPa.Finally,to further understand the temperature preserved performance of composites in practical applications,the temperature preserved properties were measured.An unsteady-state heat transfer model was established based on the test results,then the theoretical change of the core temperature during the coring process was obtained.The above tests results can provide a research basis for deep rock in-situ temperature preserved corer and support accurate assessment of deep petroleum reserves.

Effect of Ultrasonication on the Properties of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Hollow Glass Microspheres/Epoxy Syntactic Foam

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） reinforced hollow glass microspheres（HGMs）/epoxy syntactic foam was fabricated. The effects of ultrasonication on the density, compression strength, and water absorption properties were studied. Better dispersed MWCNTs can be obtained after ultrasonication treatment, but an increasing viscosity will lead to a larger amount of voids during syntactic foam preparation especially when the content of HGMs is more than 70 vol%. The existing voids will decrease the density of epoxy syntactic foam. However, the ultrasonication does not change the compression strength much. Ultrasonication treatment will decrease the water absorption content due to the better dispersion and hydrophobic properties of MWCNTs. But a significant increase of water absorption content occurs when HGMs is more than 70 vol%, which is attributed to the higher viscosity and larger amount of voids.

Luminescence of Er^(3+) Doped Titanium Barium Glass Microsphere under 514 nm Excitation

The titanium barium glass microspheres doped with Er2O3 were designed and prepared. The components of the glass sample were 25TiO2-27BaCO3-8Ba (NO3)2-5ZnO2-10CaCO3-5H3BO3-10SiO2-7water glass-3Er2O3 ( % , mass fraction) . The emission spectra of titanium barium glass matrix and the titanium barium glass microsphere under 514 nm excitation were measured with micro-Raman spectrometer. Whispering gallery modes in the emission spectra from a 31μm glass microsphere were observed. Many regularly spaced, sharp peaks appeared in the emission spectra of the Er2O3-doped glass microsphere. The wavelength separation between the two adjacent peaks is 1.92 nm for the 31μm microsphere. According to the Lorenz-Mie formula, the calculated value of the wavelength separation between the two adjacent peaks is 1.95 nm. The observed resonances could be assigned by using the well-known Lorenz-Mie formula.

The Effective Surface Metallization of Hollow Glass Microspheres for Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding Film

The surface of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) was roughened by a HCl+NH_(4)F strategy,which achieved a broken ratio as 16.10%,and then metallized by electroless plating by Co nanoparticles up to 90 wt% (abbreviated as Co-HGMs).The average grain size of Co was measured to range from 0.4 to 0.5 μm.Then Co-HGMs were mixed with liquid silicone rubber and xylene,and cured on a perspex plate applicable for flexible electromagnetic shielding.By attentive parameter optimization,a film about 0.836 mm in thickness was obtained with a density of 0.729 g/cm^(3),showing a shielding effectiveness of 15.2 dB in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) at room temperature,which was ascribed to the formation of a conductive network of Co-HGMs inside the film.Simultaneously,the tensile strength of 0.89 MPa at an elongation ratio of 194.5% was also obtained,showing good mechanical properties and tensile strength.

Preparation and Properties of TiO2-Coated Hollow Glass Microspheres as Thermal Insulation Materials for Energy-Saving Buildings

A hollow glass microsphere(HGM)/TiO2 composite hollow sphere was successfully prepared via a simple precipitation method.The TiO2 coating layers grew on the surface of the HGMs that range from 20 to 50μm in diameter as nanoparticles with the formation of the SiO Ti bonds.The growth mechanism accounting for the formation of the TiO2 nanolayers was proposed.The morphology,composition,thermal insulation properties,and visible-near infrared(VIS-NIR)refl ectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres were characterized.The VIS-NIR reflectance of the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres increased by more than 30%compared to raw HGMs.The thermal conductivity of the particles is 0.058 W/(m K).The result indicates that the VIS-NIR reflectance of the composite hollow spheres is strongly influenced by the coating of TiO2.The composite hollow spheres were used as the main functional filler to prepare the organic-inorganic composite coatings.The glass substrates coated by the organic-inorganic coatings had lower thermal conductivity and higher near infrared reflectivity.Therefore,the HGMs/TiO2 composite hollow spheres can reflect most of the solar energy and effectively keep out the heat as a thermal insulation coating for energy-saving constructions.

Effect of Phosphorus-32 Glass Microspheres on the Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nude Mice

Objective To study anticancer effect and ultrastructural influence of phosphorus 32 glass microspheres( 32 P GMS) injected in the hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. MethodsThe ultrastructural changes of tumor in both the treatment group and control group were examined by transmission electron microscope. ResultsIn the treatment group,a large number of tumor cells were killed and the death rate of tumor cells was much higher(35%-70%). Ultrastructurally, severe nuclear damage was observed in the dead cells. The early characteristics of necrosis such as margination of heterochromatin were also found in some tumor cells. Besides,well differentiated tumor cells, degenerative tumor cells and some lymphocytes were seen. The skin and muscle close to the tumor were normal. In the control group,the tumor consisted of poor differentiated tumor cells,in which there were only a few appototic cells(5%). ConclusionThe results suggest that the local administration of 32 P GMS produces obviously the anticancer effect.

Surface Modification of Hollow Glass Microspheres

Hollow Glass Microspheres are high-strength, low-density additives made from water resistant and chemically-stable soda-lime-borosilicate glass. These hollow glass microspheres offer a variety of advantages over conventional irregularly-shaped mineral fillers or glass fiber. Their spherical shape helps reduce resin content in a variety of applications. They also create a ball bearing effect that can result in higher filler loading and improved flow. In this research, amine terminated hollow glass microspheres were prepared by adopting three different routes. The results were investigated using FT-IR and SEM to establish the formation of amine groups and observe the morphological structure of the modified HGMs. The results obtained were used to select a suitable less toxic and environmental friendly modification method based on the chemicals used.

Controlled TiO2 coating on hollow glass microspheres and their reflective thermal insulation properties

Hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)have great potential in building energy-saving and industrial insulation.Anatase TiO2-modified HGMs were prepared by a sol-gel method in acetic acid-ethanol solution.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,zeta-potential measurements,nitrogen-sorption measurements,and Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopies showed that the alkali modification of the HGMs greatly influenced the loading and microstructure of the TiO2 film.The TiO2 loading could be accurately controlled by ethanol addition and the TiO2 coating time.A mechanism for the TiO2 coating of the HGM surface is proposed.The synergistic action of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces resulted in close contact between the HGMs and TiO2 sol at pH 3.5.The effects of different TiO2 loading rates on the reflective and thermal insulation properties were studied.The near-infrared reflectance of 15.9%TiO2 coated on HGMs was 96.27%,and the inner surface temperature of the composite pigment coated on aluminum board was reduced by 22.4℃.The TiO2/HGM composite pigments exhibited excellent solar reflective and thermal insulation properties,so have potential in the construction of exterior walls and roofs.

A novel cryogenic insulation system of hollow glass microspheres and self-evaporation vapor-cooled shield for liquid hydrogen storage

Liquid hydrogen(LH2)attracts widespread attention because of its highest energy storage density.However,evaporation loss is a serious problem in LH2 storage due to the low boiling point(20 K).Efficient insulation technology is an important issue in the study of LH2 storage.Hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)is a potential promising thermal insulation material because of its low apparent thermal conductivity,fast installation(Compared with multi-layer insulation,it can be injected in a short time.),and easy maintenance.A novel cryogenic insulation system consisting of HGMs and a selfevaporating vapor-cooled shield(VCS)is proposed for storage of LH2.A thermodynamic model has been established to analyze the coupled heat transfer characteristics of HGMs and VCS in the composite insulation system.The results show that the combination of HGMs and VCS can effectively reduce heat flux into the LH2 tank.With the increase of VCS number from 1 to 3,the minimum heat flux through HGMs decreases by 57.36%,65.29%,and 68.21%,respectively.Another significant advantage of HGMs is that their thermal insulation properties are not sensitive to ambient vacuum change.When ambient vacuum rises from 10^-3 Pa to 1 Pa,the heat flux into the LH2 tank increases by approximately 20%.When the vacuum rises from 10^-3 Pa to 100 Pa,the combination of VCS and HGMs reduces the heat flux into the tank by 58.08%-69.84% compared with pure HGMs.

Bismuth-doped glass microsphere lasers

In this work, a hybrid structure consisting of a multicomponent germanate glass microsphere containing bismuth as a gain medium is proposed and presented. The bismuth-doped germanate glass microspheres were fabricated from a glass fiber tip with no precipitation of the bismuth metal. Coupling with a fiber taper, the bismuth-doped microsphere single-mode laser was observed to lase at around 1305.8 nm using 808 nm excitation. The low threshold of absorbed pump power at 215 μW makes this microlaser appealing for various applications, including tunable lasers for a range of purposes in telecommunication, biomedical, and optical information processing.

Clinical and experimental study on regional administration of phosphorus32 glassmicrospheres in treating hepatic carcinoma

AIM To study the therapeutical effectiveness, dosage range and toxic adverse effects of domestic phosphorus 32 glass microsphere and evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Ⅰ. Fifty two BALB/*!c tumor bearing male nude mice were allocated into treatment group( n =38) and control group( n =14). In the former group different doses of 32 P GMS were injected into the tumor mass, while in the latter 31 P GMS or no treatment was given. The experimental animals were sacrificed in batches, and then the tumors and their nearby tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. Ⅱ. Through selective catheterization of hepatic artery, 32 P GMS was infused to 5 healthy domestic pigs in a dosage equivalent to the therapeutic dose for human being, and 31 P GMS was infused to another 5 healthy domestic pigs. Two pigs infused with contrast medium served as whole course blank controls. One pig from each group was surrendered to euthanasia at week 1, 4, 8 and 16 respectively. The ultrastructural histopath ological changes in liver tissues taken from different sites were evaluated semiquan titatively. Ⅲ. One hundred and twenty seven times of 32 P GMS intrahepatic artery interventional therapies were performed on 93 patients with hepatic carcinoma, including 79 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma and 14 cases of secondary hepatic carcinoma. 32 P GMS ( n =30), and group B, 32 P GMS and half dose of trans hepatic artery embolization (TAE) ( n =49) , and 18 patients with HCC by TAE only as control group C. Fourteen patients with secondary hepatic carcinoma were treated in the same way as group B or C. RESULTS Ⅰ. Comparing with the control group, the treatment group of tumor bearing nude mice attained the tumor inhibition rates of 59 7%-93 7% ( F =579 62, P <0 01) at 14*!d . At an absorbed dose of 7320Gy, the tumor cells were completely destroyed. When the absorbed doses ranged from 1830Gy to 3660Gy, most of the tumor cells showed the evidences of injury or necrosis, but there appeared some well differentiated tumor cells and enhanced effect of the autoimmunocytes. At an absorbed dose of 366Gy or less, some tumor cells still remained active proliferative ability. The definite anticancer effect appeared as early as 3d after intratumoral injection of 32 P GMS. Ⅱ. The cumulative amount of 32 P GMS in the target tissue after trans hepatic artery instillation attained more than 90% of the total dose administrated. Semiquantitative analysis of ultrastructral morphology in the experimental group showed no statistical difference between the nuclear abnormality (N abn ) and mitochondrial variability (M var ) at week 1 or 2, but revealed prominent difference (χ 2=6 70-9 68, P <0 01 , χ 2=65 09-115 09, P <0 001 ) as compared with those in the other groups. In the experimental group the N abn in tissues showed no significant difference between week 8 and week 16. No apparent changes were found in the stomach, spleen, kidney and lung tissues of the experimental pigs. Ⅲ. The therapeutical results of HCC patients in group A were closely approximated to those of group C, no hematological toxic side effects were noted, and the systemic reaction was mild. In some patients 2*!mos - 3*!mos after treatment some secondary foci appeared around the periphery of the primary lesion. In general better effectiveness was obtained in patients with small lesion. After analyzing by RIDIT method, the therapeutic result in group B was significantly better than that in group C, and secondary foci around the original lesion were rarely seen at 3*!mos after treatment. In group C the collateral circulation was reestablished along the periphery of primary foci and the secondary foci appeared more frequently, and required to undergo several courses of treatment. In group B, 4 cases of HCC were treated surgically as their mass decreased in size after 32 P GMS treatment.

Hollow glass microsphere production for laser direct-driven fusion targets on Shen Guang Ⅱ

A liquid-droplet technique was investigated to fabricate thin wall hollow glass microspheres (HGM) used in laser fusion experiments on Shen Guang II. Glass-forming compositions, operating conditions of the droplet generator and the vertical multiple-zone furnace were optimized. Thin wall HGM with diameters of about 100, 200, and 520 pm were fabricated, whose failure pressures, gas retention properties for D2, and chemical durability were all characterized. The results of the fusion experiments show that the HGM targets are quite satisfactory and the highest neutron yields obtained are 4 × 109.

复合填料对水性环氧涂料隔声性能的影响

为提升涂料的隔声性能,选择空心玻璃微珠(HGM)和氧化铝微球为填料,研究不同类别的功能型填料复配对水性环氧涂料隔声性能的影响。将经过表面处理的HGM均匀分布于涂层中,测试声音传递损失(TL)与HGM用量之间的关系,并在上述研究基础上进一步添加小粒径的氧化铝微球,研究其在HGM堆积空隙间的填充作用。结果表明:添加15%HGM的涂层平均TL较铝箔基体提升了5%;添加氧化铝起到了填充和减少HGM破碎的作用。含15%HGM和12%Al_(2)O_(3)的涂层在2000~4000 Hz频段的隔声效果更好,相较于仅含15%HGM的涂层平均TL进一步提升了3%。对特定发声设备在40~80 dB声压级范围的噪音,相比铝箔基体的传递损失提高了6 dB,具有较好的隔声性能。可为开发机械泵、压缩机、电机等设备外壳具有隔声效果的环保涂层提供参考。

石墨烯包覆空心玻璃微球改性水性环氧富锌防腐涂料

为解决石墨烯在涂层中的分散问题,先以空心玻璃微球(HGM)和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,制备了氧化石墨烯包覆空心玻璃微球(GO-HGM),经热还原得到具有导电能力的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)包覆空心玻璃微球的功能化粉体(RGO-HGM),并将其应用到水性环氧富锌涂料中。用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析GO-HGM和RGO-HGM的结构和微观形貌,并通过电化学研究了涂层的防腐性能和防腐机理。结果表明:GO成功包覆到HGM表面上,且被热还原为RGO-HGM,并恢复一定的导电性。在含锌量50%的环氧富锌涂料中添加RGO-HGM,能有效提高活化锌含量,来提高环氧富锌涂层的阴极保护能力,且添加量为6%时,防腐效果最佳。

Research on thermal insulation materials properties under HTHP conditions for deep oil and gas reservoir rock ITP-Coring

Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.

HGM@GO聚氨酯复合材料的制备和导热性能研究

首先通过氧化石墨烯(GO)包覆对空心玻璃微珠(HGM)进行表面改性,再经过物理混合制备改性空心玻璃微珠/聚氨酯复合材料,使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪对经过氧化石墨烯包覆改性的空心玻璃微珠进行形貌和结构分析,对改性空心玻璃微珠/聚氨酯复合材料进行力学性能、导热性能、热膨胀性能等测试。结果表明:使用氧化石墨烯包覆空心玻璃微球对复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度、压缩强度和弯曲强度均有一定提升。在空心玻璃微球添加量高于5%后,复合材料的导热性能开始优于纯聚氨酯材料,表明空心玻璃微珠表面的石墨烯层使材料内部形成了高导热通道,整体提高了复合材料的导热系数,使复合材料密度降低的同时具备更加优良的导热性能。对复合材料的热稳定性进行测试分析发现,在添加了空心玻璃微珠填料之后,复合材料的热膨胀系数随温度增加的趋势得到了很好的抑制,在180℃下仍能保持较好的尺寸稳定性。

Modulated Photon Emission of Eu^3＋ in Microsphere Cavity

Fused silica microsphere with a few Eu^3＋ ions on the equator is fabricated. The photon emission sharply modulated by whispering gallery （WG） modes is observed under excitation of 395 nm laser, which is in agreement with the prediction in theory. The quality factor of the WG modes in microsphere is estimated larger than 3000 from the emission spectrum, which is limited by our monochrometer. It proves that pumping Eu^3＋ in microsphere cavity in free space is feasible, and this system seems suitable for realizing strong coupling in future quantum computation purposes.

中空玻璃微球基吸附剂处理工业废水研究进展

工业废水产量大、有害物质种类繁杂、毒性大,其过量进入食物链会导致严重的健康损害。吸附技术被认为一种绿色、可持续的水处理技术在工业废水处理领域具有独特的优势。中空玻璃微球(HGM)质量轻,具有良好的漂浮性能,可作为优质的吸附剂载体。对其进行改性或与其它材料复合制备新型漂浮式吸附剂解决了自身吸附性能差的缺点。同时,重点介绍了HGM基吸附剂的制备方法和吸附性能,总结了HGM基吸附剂处理各类工业废水的难点与特性。在HGM改性材料的基础上,梳理了其在单一体系和复杂体系中的吸附特性以及吸附过程中的主要影响因素:反应温度、溶液pH、共存离子等。最后,对HGM基吸附剂的吸附机理进行了总结,并对中空玻璃微球基吸附剂的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。

添加复合稀释剂的低爆速乳化炸药的制备及性能

以玻璃微球和滑石粉共同作为稀释剂制备一种低爆速乳化炸药。观察不同质量分数的玻璃微球和滑石粉对乳化炸药形貌的影响,并对乳化炸药的爆速、猛度、空中爆炸冲击波压力及储存稳定性进行测试。实验结果表明,随着滑石粉质量分数的增加,乳化炸药的形貌由乳胶状逐渐向颗粒状转化,爆速呈线性下降,对玻璃微球质量分数为5%、10%、15%的乳化炸药,测得最低爆速分别为3440、2740、2188 m/s。而随着滑石粉质量分数的增加,猛度、空中爆炸冲击波峰值超压均呈非线性下降,当滑石粉控制在一定量时,冲击波正压作用时间变化不大,乳化炸药储存稳定性较好。这种低爆速乳化炸药成本低廉、爆轰性能可调、储存稳定性好,具有较好的实用性。