Optimization of Polysaccharide Extraction from Radix Glehniae Root Bark by Response Surface Methodology and Anti-immunosuppressive Activity Analysis

[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish and optimize the extraction technology of polysaccharides from Radix Glehniae root bark, and to explore the processing methods of Radix Glehniae in producing areas. [ Method ] Based on the single-factor experiment, with polysaccharide content and polysaccharide yield as indices, various factors affecting polysaccharide yield from Radix Glehniae root bark were investigated by central composite design-response surface method. Mo- reover, immune functions of cyclophosphamide-induced blood-deficient mice in various polysaccharide groups were compared to investigate the effects of root bark removal of Radix Glehniae on medicinal quality. [ Result] Ultrasonic extraction was the appropriate extraction technology of polysaccharides from Radix Glehniae root bark. The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were ultrasonic time 36 min, ultrasonic power 460 W, solid-liquid ratio 1： 10, ethanol concentration 80%, under which polysaccharide yield reached 16.08%. Polysaccharides extracted from Radix Glehniae root （ALP） and Radix Glehniae root bark （BLP） could effec- tively improve immune function of blood-deficient mice with no significant differences. [ Conclusion] Radix Glehniae could be used without removal of root bark. The optimized extraction process was stable and feasible, which laid a solid foundation for further comprehensive development and utilization of Radix Glehniae root bark.

Radix Glehniae extract inhibits the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells

Objective: To investigate the effect of Radix Glehniae on the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells, and to explore the underlying mechanism. Method: Normal human bronchial cell line 16 HBE and lung cancer cell line SK-MES-1 were cultured in vitro. Radix Glehniae extract was prepared to treat the two kinds of cells. The proliferation ability of 16 HBE cells was determined by CCK-8 assay. The migration and invasion abilities of SK-MES-1 cells were determined by Transwell and Matrigel assays, respectively. The expression of TIMP2 m RNA in SK-MES-1 cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR(q-PCR). The secretion level of TIMP2 protein by SK-MES-1 cells was measured by ELISA experiment. Results: Radix Glehniae extract caused no toxic effects on 16 HBE cells at the concentrations of 1 mg/ml to 15 mg/ml. Radix Glehniae extract(from 5 mg/ml to 15 mg/ml) significantly inhibited SK-MES-1 cell migration and invasion abilities, as well as upregulated TIMP2 m RNA expression and enhanced TIMP2 secretion by SK-MES-1 cells. Conclusion: Radix Glehniae can inhibit the migration and invasion behaviors of lung cancer cells by upregulating TIMP2 expression and secretion.

A review of research on coumarins from Radix Glehniae

Radix Glehniae,with a wide range of chemical components of various pharmacological effects,is widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in clinical practice.It has a broad prospect of development and application.Coumarin,as one of its major active components,also displays good biological activities for analgesia and sedation,antibacteria,antivirus,anti HIV,anti-inflammation,anti-tumor,anti mutation,tyrosinase inhibition,vasodilation and blood pressure reduction.The aim of the present review is to discuss the studies on coumarin components,content determination,pharmacological activities,processing methods and provide a guide for the further development and utilization of Radix Glehniae.

北沙参及其6种混淆品的鉴别

[目的]对北沙参与其混淆品明党参、田贡蒿、川明参、迷果芹、硬阿魏、蝇子草进行鉴别比较研究。[方法]采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别和薄层层析鉴别等方法对北沙参与其混淆品进行比较研究。[结果]明党参、田贡蒿、川明参、迷果芹、硬阿魏、蝇子草与药材北沙参在性状、显微、薄层层析等方面均有明显差别,可以区分。[结论]混淆品的功效与北沙参不同,不能作药材北沙参使用。

蒙药查干-扫日劳中香豆素类成分的提取工艺研究

利用超声波法辅助提取蒙药查干-扫日劳（Chagan-sorlo）中香豆素类成分，确定其最佳提取工艺，为有效提取香豆素类成分提供参考和生产指导。在不同提取条件下，利用超声波法进行提取、测定和分析蒙药查干-扫日劳的香豆素类主要成分（佛手柑内酯与花椒毒素）。当溶剂体积分数为70％，提取时间为20 min ，超声波功率为175 W ，温度为25℃，固液比为1∶20，用80～100目进行提取时，上述两种香豆素类成分的提取率最优。

人参及其混伪品的紫外谱线组法鉴别研究

[目的]建立鉴别人参及其混伪品桔梗、板蓝根和北沙参的紫外谱线组鉴别方法。[方法]采用水、乙醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯和氯仿对4种药材分别进行提取,然后进行紫外检测及其一阶导数光谱检测。[结果]正品人参与桔梗、板蓝根和北沙参的紫外吸收光谱的峰位置和吸光度有明显的差异。[结论]该方法简便、准确、灵敏,能够很好的区别人参及其混伪品。

北沙参茎叶的紫外-可见光谱和薄层色谱鉴别分析

采用紫外-可见光谱法分别对石油醚、乙醚、氯仿、无水乙醇、甲醇和水6种溶剂的北沙参(Glehnia littoralis)茎叶提取液进行紫外-可见光谱扫描,并测定其吸收峰数目和峰位置;以不同配比的石油醚-乙醚-冰醋酸为展开剂,用硅胶G预制薄层板,对上述6种溶剂的北沙参茎叶提取液进行薄层展开,观察其成分的分离情况。结果表明,紫外-可见光谱中,所得的吸收峰数目及峰位置都有差异;薄层色谱主斑点位置有明显差异,且集中、分离度好,均能使其成分得到较好的分离。这两种方法简便、准确、灵敏,可用于北沙参茎叶的快速鉴别。

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of the GlROP6 gene in Glehnia littoralis

Rho-related GTPase from plants(ROP)proteins play an essential role in plant stress resistance.In this study,the full-length GlROP6 gene was cloned based on G.littoralis transcriptome sequencing data acquired in response to salt stress.The protein sequence,conserved domains,secondary structure,three-dimensional structure,phylogenetic relationships,and expression pattern of the GlROP6 gene were systematically analysed.Our results showed that the full-length GlROP6 gene had an open reading frame of 606 bp,which encoded 201 amino acid residues with a relative molecular weight of 22.23463 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.06.Amino acid sequence analyses indicated that the structure of the GlROP6 protein was conserved,and included five G-box motifs(G1–G5),an effector binding region,a Rho insert region and a C-terminal hypervariable region.According to our phylogenetic analysis,the GlROP6 protein was closely related to the ROP protein of Daucus carota subsp.Sativus.Our quantitative real-time PCR results revealed that GlROP6 was highly expressed in flower,and GlROP6 expression was significantly upregulated in G.littoralis roots treated with NaCl.This study will facilitate investigations into the function of GlROP genes in response to salt stress in G.littoralis.

Research progress in polysaccharide compositions of Glehnia littoralis

More and more attention has been paid to the polysaccharide components of Glehnia littoralis.It has good immunoregulation,antioxidant,antitumor,hypoglycemic and other biological activities,as well as special health care functions.Therefore,it has a broad application prospect in medical,health care,food and other industries.In this paper,the extraction,purification,content determination and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from Glehnia littoralis were reviewed,which provided a gauge for the further development and utilization of Glehnia littoralis.

Glehnia fittoralis Extract Promotes Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of the Adult Mouse through Increasing Expressions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B

Background： Glehnia littoralis has been used for traditional Asian medicine, which has diverse therapeutic activities. However, studies regarding neurogenic effects of G. littoralis have not yet been considered. Therefore, in this study, we examined effects of G. littoralis extract on cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and the maturation of newborn neurons in the hippocampus of adult mice. Methods： A total of 39 male ICR mice （12 weeks old） were randomly assigned to vehicle-treated and 100 and 200 mg/kg G. littoralis extract-treated groups （n = 13 in each group）. Vehicle and G. littoralis extract were orally administrated for 28 days. To examine neurogenic effects ofG. litmralis extract, we performed immunohistochemistry tbr 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （BrdU, an indicator for cell proliferation） and doublecortin （DCX, an immature neuronal marker） and double immunofluorescence staining for BrdU and neuronal nuclear antigen （NeuN, a mature neuronal marker）. In addition, we examined expressional changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and its major receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B （TrkB） using Western blotting analysis. Results： Treatment with 200 mg/kg, not 100 mg/kg, significantly increased number of BrdU-immunoreactive （＋） and DCX＋ cells （48.0 ±3.1and 72.0 ± 3.8 cells/section, respectively） in the subgranular zone （SGZ） of the dentate gyrus （DG） and BrdU＊/NeuN＋ cells （17.0 ±1.5 cells/section） in the granule cell layer as well as in the SGZ. In addition, protein levels of BDNF and YrkB （about 232% and 244% of the vehicle-treated group, respectively） were significantly increased in the DG of the mice treated with 200 mg/kg ofG. littoralis extract. Conclusion： G. littoralis extract promots cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and neuronal maturation in the hippocampal DG, and neurogenic effects might be closely related to increases ofBDN F and TrkB proteins by G. littoralis extract treatment.