The airborne electromagnetic （AEM） method has a high sampling rate and survey flexibility. However, traditional numerical modeling approaches must use high-resolution physical grids to guarantee modeling accuracy, e...The airborne electromagnetic （AEM） method has a high sampling rate and survey flexibility. However, traditional numerical modeling approaches must use high-resolution physical grids to guarantee modeling accuracy, especially for complex geological structures such as anisotropic earth. This can lead to huge computational costs. To solve this problem, we propose a spectral-element （SE） method for 3D AEM anisotropic modeling, which combines the advantages of spectral and finite-element methods. Thus, the SE method has accuracy as high as that of the spectral method and the ability to model complex geology inherited from the finite-element method. The SE method can improve the modeling accuracy within discrete grids and reduce the dependence of modeling results on the grids. This helps achieve high-accuracy anisotropic AEM modeling. We first introduced a rotating tensor of anisotropic conductivity to Maxwell＇s equations and described the electrical field via SE basis functions based on GLL interpolation polynomials. We used the Galerkin weighted residual method to establish the linear equation system for the SE method, and we took a vertical magnetic dipole as the transmission source for our AEM modeling. We then applied fourth-order SE calculations with coarse physical grids to check the accuracy of our modeling results against a 1D semi-analytical solution for an anisotropic half-space model and verified the high accuracy of the SE. Moreover, we conducted AEM modeling for different anisotropic 3D abnormal bodies using two physical grid scales and three orders of SE to obtain the convergence conditions for different anisotropic abnormal bodies. Finally, we studied the identification of anisotropy for single anisotropic abnormal bodies, anisotropic surrounding rock, and single anisotropic abnormal body embedded in an anisotropic surrounding rock. This approach will play a key role in the inversion and interpretation of AEM data collected in regions with anisotropic geology.展开更多
通过定性的调查、访谈、观察的方式归纳优秀语言学习者(Good Language Learner,以下简称GLL)常用的学习策略。结果发现,GLL善于使用各种有效的学习策略,选择适合自己的学习策略模式。结果还显示,交际策略、管理策略、情感控制策略等间...通过定性的调查、访谈、观察的方式归纳优秀语言学习者(Good Language Learner,以下简称GLL)常用的学习策略。结果发现,GLL善于使用各种有效的学习策略,选择适合自己的学习策略模式。结果还显示,交际策略、管理策略、情感控制策略等间接策略在GLL的语言习得过程中发挥着重要的积极的作用。展开更多
The presence of a relatively mature CD4+CD8- (SP)T cell subset in mouse thymus has been demonstrated. Composing of 10% of total CD4SP thymocytes, this subset is defined by the absence of 3G11 and 6C10 expression with ...The presence of a relatively mature CD4+CD8- (SP)T cell subset in mouse thymus has been demonstrated. Composing of 10% of total CD4SP thymocytes, this subset is defined by the absence of 3G11 and 6C10 expression with a phenotype of CD69 +/- , HSAmed/lo and heterogeneous for Qa - 2 expression. The proliferation capability of TCRαβ+ 3G11-6C10- CD4+ CD8- thymocytes was high while using Con A stimulus. And Con A stimulation could result in secretion of IL-4, IL-10, IL-6 and a little amount of IFNγ. IL-2 was barely detectable. This is distinct from typical Th0 type cytokines. The cells of this subset were NK1.1 negative, but strongly expressed GATA-3 mRNA. The results suggest that the CD4+ subset of 3G11 - 6C10- NK1.1 - phenotype possesses immunocompetent cells with functions characteristic of Th2-like cytokines, which may indicate the cells at transitional status from ThO to Th2, with a propensity to Th2.展开更多
In Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, three possible lyase genes glr1191, glr1182 and gll1188 were selected by Blast sorting. The coded proteins of these three genes were co-expressed with their substrate protein in E. c...In Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, three possible lyase genes glr1191, glr1182 and gll1188 were selected by Blast sorting. The coded proteins of these three genes were co-expressed with their substrate protein in E. coli, respectively, and some chromoproteins were obtained. The fluorescence spectra showed that high fluorescence intensity was observed in the three experimental groups that involved the lyase genes, but little fluorescence intensity was observed in negative control groups. The ratio of relative fluorescence intensity in the experimental group with glr1191 was 64.8%. The result of SDS-PAGE indicated that the molecular weights of the three chromoproteins were 22.0 10 3 , 23.6 10 3 and 22.1 10 3 , respectively. The result of zinc-induced fluorescence re- vealed that the phycobilin in the three chromoproteins was covalently coupled to their apo-proteins. The result also showed that the coded proteins of these three genes （CpeS1 , CpeT1 , CpeY ）could cata- lyze the covalent coupling of different phycobilins to their apo- proteins and formed active chromoproteins.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41530320)China Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists(No.41404093)+1 种基金Key National Research Project of China(Nos2016YFC0303100 and 2017YFC0601900)China Natural Science Foundation(No.41774125)
文摘The airborne electromagnetic （AEM） method has a high sampling rate and survey flexibility. However, traditional numerical modeling approaches must use high-resolution physical grids to guarantee modeling accuracy, especially for complex geological structures such as anisotropic earth. This can lead to huge computational costs. To solve this problem, we propose a spectral-element （SE） method for 3D AEM anisotropic modeling, which combines the advantages of spectral and finite-element methods. Thus, the SE method has accuracy as high as that of the spectral method and the ability to model complex geology inherited from the finite-element method. The SE method can improve the modeling accuracy within discrete grids and reduce the dependence of modeling results on the grids. This helps achieve high-accuracy anisotropic AEM modeling. We first introduced a rotating tensor of anisotropic conductivity to Maxwell＇s equations and described the electrical field via SE basis functions based on GLL interpolation polynomials. We used the Galerkin weighted residual method to establish the linear equation system for the SE method, and we took a vertical magnetic dipole as the transmission source for our AEM modeling. We then applied fourth-order SE calculations with coarse physical grids to check the accuracy of our modeling results against a 1D semi-analytical solution for an anisotropic half-space model and verified the high accuracy of the SE. Moreover, we conducted AEM modeling for different anisotropic 3D abnormal bodies using two physical grid scales and three orders of SE to obtain the convergence conditions for different anisotropic abnormal bodies. Finally, we studied the identification of anisotropy for single anisotropic abnormal bodies, anisotropic surrounding rock, and single anisotropic abnormal body embedded in an anisotropic surrounding rock. This approach will play a key role in the inversion and interpretation of AEM data collected in regions with anisotropic geology.
文摘通过定性的调查、访谈、观察的方式归纳优秀语言学习者(Good Language Learner,以下简称GLL)常用的学习策略。结果发现,GLL善于使用各种有效的学习策略,选择适合自己的学习策略模式。结果还显示,交际策略、管理策略、情感控制策略等间接策略在GLL的语言习得过程中发挥着重要的积极的作用。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39730410).
文摘The presence of a relatively mature CD4+CD8- (SP)T cell subset in mouse thymus has been demonstrated. Composing of 10% of total CD4SP thymocytes, this subset is defined by the absence of 3G11 and 6C10 expression with a phenotype of CD69 +/- , HSAmed/lo and heterogeneous for Qa - 2 expression. The proliferation capability of TCRαβ+ 3G11-6C10- CD4+ CD8- thymocytes was high while using Con A stimulus. And Con A stimulation could result in secretion of IL-4, IL-10, IL-6 and a little amount of IFNγ. IL-2 was barely detectable. This is distinct from typical Th0 type cytokines. The cells of this subset were NK1.1 negative, but strongly expressed GATA-3 mRNA. The results suggest that the CD4+ subset of 3G11 - 6C10- NK1.1 - phenotype possesses immunocompetent cells with functions characteristic of Th2-like cytokines, which may indicate the cells at transitional status from ThO to Th2, with a propensity to Th2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870519 and 30870541)
文摘In Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, three possible lyase genes glr1191, glr1182 and gll1188 were selected by Blast sorting. The coded proteins of these three genes were co-expressed with their substrate protein in E. coli, respectively, and some chromoproteins were obtained. The fluorescence spectra showed that high fluorescence intensity was observed in the three experimental groups that involved the lyase genes, but little fluorescence intensity was observed in negative control groups. The ratio of relative fluorescence intensity in the experimental group with glr1191 was 64.8%. The result of SDS-PAGE indicated that the molecular weights of the three chromoproteins were 22.0 10 3 , 23.6 10 3 and 22.1 10 3 , respectively. The result of zinc-induced fluorescence re- vealed that the phycobilin in the three chromoproteins was covalently coupled to their apo-proteins. The result also showed that the coded proteins of these three genes （CpeS1 , CpeT1 , CpeY ）could cata- lyze the covalent coupling of different phycobilins to their apo- proteins and formed active chromoproteins.
