Theoretical Perspective of Social Entrepreneurship： A Study of Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship in the Context of Saudi Arabia

The present paper discusses the different theories on entrepreneurship in general and social entrepreneurship in particular to investigate the different determinants of social entrepreneurship in the context of Saudi Arabia. The present research is a conceptual study. The data were collected to analyze the entrepreneurship theories in Saudi Arabia＇s context. The data related to entrepreneurship spirit, perception of society towards entrepreneurship, and other macroeconomic indicators are collected from different research journals, websites of different corporate houses, and government sources to analyze the social entrepreneurship theories, such as failure thesis, interdependence theories, welfare state theory, supply-side theory, entrepreneurship education, etc.. The theoretical hypothesis of interdependence theory, entrepreneurship spirit, and general education and the theoretical analysis of this paper in light of Saudi Arabia are in line with the theory. But the hypothesis generated out of failure thesis theory, welfare state theory, entrepreneurship education, and individualistic and collective society culture is not in line with these theories.

Entrepreneurship Measurement and Comparison:Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship Index

The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute annually publishes the Global Entrepreneurship Index(GEI)to show entrepreneurship of each country/area.The GEI is obtained by averaging the scores of three sub-indexes,entrepreneurial attitudes,entrepreneurial abilities and Entrepreneurial aspirations.However,this GEI construction method with equal weights for three subindexes may be controversial,since the relative importance among the three sub-indexes may vary across countries and areas due to economic and social/cultural reasons.This study comprehensively considers all possible weights,and formulates an interval entrepreneurship evaluation matrix.Employing the Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis,the authors build an improved GEI,which the authors term the Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship Index.This method differs from the conventional wisdom that assigns exact values to corresponding weights,but explores a weight space considering all possible weight sets.Finally,the proposed method is confirmed using an empirical study measuring and comparing the entrepreneurship of the top 20 countries and areas in terms of 2017 GEI.

基于GEDI的两岸三地创业系统比较研究

经济发展与国家/地区创业系统发展水平密切相关已成为学界和政策当局的共识。两岸三地传统文化一脉相承,但经济发展绩效却存在较大差异。在对国家/地区创业系统概念及其测评方法进行阐述的基础上,基于GEDI对两岸三地创业系统进行了比较研究。研究发现,我国内地与港台地区创业系统的差异突出表现在民众对创业的态度以及高增长潜力领域创业活动的活跃程度上,导致差异的主要原因则有所不同;在制约创业发展的瓶颈要素上,内地与港台地区存在一致性,尽管港台地区创业发展的瓶颈要素表现优于大陆。最后,从提升创业机会意识和机会识别能力、改善创业制度环境、鼓励潜在创业者投身创业、增强创业者创业意愿等方面提出了政策建议。

硅谷作为全球科技创新中心的主要特征及启示

本文针对中国当前全面推动以北京和上海为重点的科技创新中心建设，以硅谷为分析对象，从历史演变的角度，定量地揭示硅谷作为全球科技创新中心在人口与教育、经济与创新、社会与环境方面的突出特征，继而从战略制定的角度指出其对中国建设科技创新中心的启示意义。

中国和韩国创业生态系统的比较分析——全球创业指数视角

在梳理创业生态系统的研究脉络和主要研究方向的基础上,基于全球创业指数(GEI)报告对创业生态系统测量指标的界定,从社会创业态度、企业家能力和个人创业抱负三个层面,对比分析了中国和韩国创业生态系统的差异。研究认为,完善我国创业生态系统,应继续大力弘扬创业文化、建立普惠性的创业技能培训体系、进一步发挥高校和科研院所的协同创新作用和引导建立初创企业风险投资机制,同时应把握数字经济发展机遇,加快建设数字创业生态系统。

优化营商环境下民族地区女性创业的影响因素与法治保障机制研究

以世界银行营商环境指数和全球女性创业发展指数为分析工具,基于对民族地区创业成功影响因素和作用机制进行的实地访谈和问卷调查,运用SWOT分析态势法研究了民族地区女性创业的关键影响因素。研究表明:民族地区女性创业面临着政策和法律环境、文化和社会规范、营商环境以及创业女性潜力等方面的制约;优质的营商环境对于激发民族地区女性创业的“她能量”和提升赋权增能水平具有显著的正相关关系;应该将社会性别平等理念贯穿到民族地区女性创业的营商环境建设当中,从法治化保障和制度变革的角度探讨破解民族地区女性创业难题与优化营商环境的耦合之道。