Heterogeneous impacts of GVCs participation on CO_(2) intensity:Evidence from developed and developing countries/regions

The deepening of global value chains(GVCs)has made remarkable impacts on the environmental outcomes of all countries/regions.What are the differences in environmental burden undertaken by countries/regions at different stages of economic development are a question worthy inquiry.This study compares the impacts of GVCs participation degree on CO_(2) intensity between developed and developing countries/regions.Using panel data of 19 manufacturing industries in 43 countries/regions over the period of 2000-2014,it is discovered that the deeper participation in GVCs of developed countries/regions significantly reduces their CO_(2) intensity,while the more participation in GVCs of developing countries/regions significantly increases their CO_(2) intensity.Additionally,the quantile regression results reveal that the reduction of CO_(2) intensity is increasing for industries with higher initial CO_(2) intensity for developed countries/regions,whereas for developing countries/regions,only industries with initial low CO_(2) intensity experience significant increases in CO_(2) intensity.We further analyzed the effect of GVCs participation degree on CO_(2) intensity for high-tech and low-tech industries and discovered that the effect is only significant in low-tech industries.These findings provide empirical evidence for the pollution haven hypothesis and offer enlightenment to formulate future trade and environmental policies.