Based on three global annual mean surface temperature time series and three Chinese annual mean surface air temperature time series,climate change trends on multiple timescales are analyzed by using the trend estimati...Based on three global annual mean surface temperature time series and three Chinese annual mean surface air temperature time series,climate change trends on multiple timescales are analyzed by using the trend estimation method of multi-sliding time windows.The results are used to discuss the so-called global-warming hiatus during 1998-2012.It is demonstrated that different beginning and end times have an obvious effect on the results of the trend estimation,and the implications are particularly large when using a short window.The global-warming hiatus during 1998-2012 is the result of viewing temperature series on short timescales;and the events similar to it,or the events with even cold tendencies,have actually occurred many times in history.Therefore,the global-warming hiatus is likely to be a periodical feature of the long-term temperature change.It mainly reflects the decadal variability of temperature,and such a phenomenon in the short term does not alter the overall warming trend in the long term.展开更多
There has been a paradigm shift globally from high combustion rates of all human activities that contribute to global warming. Environmental awareness has been increasing rapidly over the past years. In these regards,...There has been a paradigm shift globally from high combustion rates of all human activities that contribute to global warming. Environmental awareness has been increasing rapidly over the past years. In these regards, Evotherm, which is a Fatty-Amine derivative of the hydrocarbon chain, was investigated and used in the production of asphalt to examine the effect. The overall influence of the admixture and temperature was examined. Seven (7) Laboratory specimens with different additive contents of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and 1.5% were produced and compacted at different compaction temperatures of 100°C, 115°C, 130°C, 145°C and 160°C, to evaluate Marshall Stability parameters. The binder content for the control test and admix samples were all kept constant for the range of 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5% and 7% by weight of total mix for all the trial mixes for proper and uniform observation and also for the determination of the optimal mix for the control and admix samples. For each specimen mix, two (2) Marshall cylindrical samples were compacted at heavy compaction level of 75 blows, which represent heavy traffic category, and the mean result obtained for accuracy. This was done for all the temperature categories. Therefore, for this research work, 350 cylindrical cubes of Marshall Samples were evaluated in the laboratory. The result shows that despite the modification on the asphalt by the Evotherm product, the admixed asphalt exhibited similar engineering properties as Hot Mix Asphalt even at lower temperature of 115°C, and could be used as a first step in the promotion of improved carbon print from Nigerian Asphalt pavements.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41230528 and 41175080)National(Key)Basic Research and Development(973)Program of China(2012CB955204)Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Based on three global annual mean surface temperature time series and three Chinese annual mean surface air temperature time series,climate change trends on multiple timescales are analyzed by using the trend estimation method of multi-sliding time windows.The results are used to discuss the so-called global-warming hiatus during 1998-2012.It is demonstrated that different beginning and end times have an obvious effect on the results of the trend estimation,and the implications are particularly large when using a short window.The global-warming hiatus during 1998-2012 is the result of viewing temperature series on short timescales;and the events similar to it,or the events with even cold tendencies,have actually occurred many times in history.Therefore,the global-warming hiatus is likely to be a periodical feature of the long-term temperature change.It mainly reflects the decadal variability of temperature,and such a phenomenon in the short term does not alter the overall warming trend in the long term.
文摘There has been a paradigm shift globally from high combustion rates of all human activities that contribute to global warming. Environmental awareness has been increasing rapidly over the past years. In these regards, Evotherm, which is a Fatty-Amine derivative of the hydrocarbon chain, was investigated and used in the production of asphalt to examine the effect. The overall influence of the admixture and temperature was examined. Seven (7) Laboratory specimens with different additive contents of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and 1.5% were produced and compacted at different compaction temperatures of 100°C, 115°C, 130°C, 145°C and 160°C, to evaluate Marshall Stability parameters. The binder content for the control test and admix samples were all kept constant for the range of 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5% and 7% by weight of total mix for all the trial mixes for proper and uniform observation and also for the determination of the optimal mix for the control and admix samples. For each specimen mix, two (2) Marshall cylindrical samples were compacted at heavy compaction level of 75 blows, which represent heavy traffic category, and the mean result obtained for accuracy. This was done for all the temperature categories. Therefore, for this research work, 350 cylindrical cubes of Marshall Samples were evaluated in the laboratory. The result shows that despite the modification on the asphalt by the Evotherm product, the admixed asphalt exhibited similar engineering properties as Hot Mix Asphalt even at lower temperature of 115°C, and could be used as a first step in the promotion of improved carbon print from Nigerian Asphalt pavements.
