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Environmental enrichment in combination with Bifidobacterium breve HNXY26M4 intervention amplifies neuroprotective benefits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by modulating glutamine metabolism of the gut microbiome
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作者 Guangsu Zhu Min Guo +3 位作者 Jianxin Zhao Hao Zhang Gang Wang Wei Chen 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期982-992,共11页
The gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged as a novel target for Alzheimer's disease(AD),a neurodegenerative disease characterised by behavioural and cognitive impairment.However,most previous microbiome-based inte... The gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged as a novel target for Alzheimer's disease(AD),a neurodegenerative disease characterised by behavioural and cognitive impairment.However,most previous microbiome-based intervention studies have focused on single factors and yielded only modest cognitive improvements.Here,we proposed a multidomain intervention strategy that combined Bifidobacterium breve treatment with environmental enrichment(EE)training.In this study,we found that compared with EE or B.breve treatment alone,B.breve intervention combined with EE amplified its neuroprotective effects on AD mice,as reflected by improved cognition,inhibited neuroinflammation and enhanced synaptic function.Moreover,using microbiome and metabolome profiling,we found that the combination of B.breve and EE treatment restored AD-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and reversed microbial metabolite changes.Finally,by integrating behavioural and neurological data with metabolomic profiles,we revealed that the underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of microbiota-derived glutamine metabolism via gut-brain interactions.Collectively,combined B.breve intervention with EE treatment can alleviate AD-related cognitive impairment and improve brain function by regulating glutamine metabolism of the gut microbiome.Our findings provide a promising multidomain intervention strategy,with a combination of dietary microbiome-based and lifestyle-targeted interventions,to promote brain function and delay the progression of AD. 展开更多
关键词 Alzheimer’s disease Bifidobacterium breve Environmental enrichment Glutamine metabolism Microbiota-gut-brain axis
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Effects of Supplemental Glutamine and Lysine on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens
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作者 Ali F. Alsogair Naif M. Alhawiti Samuel N. Nahashon 《Open Journal of Animal Sciences》 2024年第2期101-122,共22页
The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages... The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages measured 99 × 66 × 25 cm that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatments comprising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in combination with 4 concentrations of Glutamine (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatment was replicated 3 times and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum with a 23-hour light regimen for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experimental birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion in order to determine their optimum requirement for dietary Lysine and Glutamine. Based on the findings of this study, the highest performance was observed in birds fed the diet supplemented with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine, but the highest improvement in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutamine, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine had the highest total body weight gain and feed consumption. The lysine requirements in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutamine level of 1%. 展开更多
关键词 Broiler Chickens LYSINE GLUTAMINE Amino Acid Dietary Protein Essentials AAs Non-Essential Amino Acids
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Progress in pathogenesis and treatment of type A hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure:a comprehensive review
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作者 Ye-Xin Xu He Wang +4 位作者 Kang-Rui Hu Bo-Yu Shen Lin Xie Guang-Ji Wang Yan Liang 《Pharmacology Discovery》 2024年第1期1-11,共11页
Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious neuropsychiatric complication caused by liver failure,which is characterized by the development of cognitive and motor disorders into coma.Typically,hepatic encephalopathy can be di... Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious neuropsychiatric complication caused by liver failure,which is characterized by the development of cognitive and motor disorders into coma.Typically,hepatic encephalopathy can be divided into three types(A,B,and C)according to the etiology.Type A hepatic encephalopathy(AHE)caused by acute liver failure seriously affects the prognosis of patients,ranging from mild neuropsychological changes to coma,brain edema,and even death.So far,the research on the pathogenesis of AHE has focused on the toxic effects of ammonia on the central nervous system,metabolic disorders(glutamine and lactate accumulation),neurotransmission alteration,systemic inflammation,especially neuro-inflammation.All these mechanisms are not independent,but mutually have synergistic effects.In clinic,treatment of AHE based on only one mechanism is often ineffective.To clarify the pathogenesis and the interaction among the mechanisms will be beneficial to the effective treatment of AHE and reduce the mortality.The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive scientific evidence for the clinical treatment of AHE via collecting and analyzing the latest mechanism of AHE,and clarifying the relationship among these mechanisms combing the investigation of the latest research progress of drug treatment of acute liver failure.Consequently,we find that the pathogenesis of AHE is a complex neurocognitive disorder shaped by interactions among hyperammonemia,inflammation,and changes in neurotransmission,the signaling pathways thereby integrating the inflammatory and neurological inputs to impact pathophysiological or neurobehavioral outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 type A hepatic encephalopathy AMMONIA GLUTAMINE lactate inflammation blood-brain barrier neurotransmission
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Glutamine supplementation attenuates intestinal apoptosis by inducing heat shock protein 70 in heatstroke rats 被引量:1
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作者 Li-wen Du Bao-qing Xu +1 位作者 Kai Xun Fang-qi Zhang 《World Journal of Emergency Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期37-43,共7页
BACKGROUND:Heatstroke is the most hazardous heat-related illness and has a high fatality rate.We investigated whether glutamine supplementation could have a protective effect on heatstroke rats.METHODS:Twenty-five 12-... BACKGROUND:Heatstroke is the most hazardous heat-related illness and has a high fatality rate.We investigated whether glutamine supplementation could have a protective effect on heatstroke rats.METHODS:Twenty-five 12-week-old male Wistar rats(weight 305±16 g)were randomly divided into a control group(n=5),heatstroke(HS)group(n=10),and heatstroke+glutamine(HSG)group(n=10).Seven days before heat exposure,glutamine(0.4 g/[kg·d])was administered to the rats in the HSG group by gavage every day.Three hours after heat exposure,serum samples were collected to detect white blood cells,coagulation indicators,blood biochemical indicators,and inflammatory cytokines in the rats.The small intestine tissue was stained to analyze pathological structural changes and apoptosis.Finally,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression levels of heat shock protein 70(HSP70).Multiple comparisons were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance,and the Bonferroni test was conducted for the post hoc comparisons.RESULTS:After heat exposure,the core temperature of the HS group(40.65±0.31°C)was higher than the criterion of heatstroke,whereas the core temperature of the HSG group(39.45±0.14°C)was lower than the criterion.Glutamine supplementation restored the increased white blood cells,coagulation indicators,blood biochemical indicators,and inflammatory cytokines that were induced by heatstroke to normal levels.The intestinal mucosa was injured,and the structure of tight junctions was damaged in the HS group;however,the structure of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells was stable in the HSG group.Glutamine supplementation alleviated intestinal apoptosis and up-regulated HSP70 expression.CONCLUSION:Glutamine supplementation may alleviate intestinal apoptosis by inducing the expression of HSP70 and have a protective effect on heatstroke rats. 展开更多
关键词 HEATSTROKE GLUTAMINE Core temperature Intestinal apoptosis Heat shock protein 70
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Three novel alleles of OsGS1 developed by base-editing-mediated artificial evolution confer glufosinate tolerance in rice
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作者 Bin Ren Yongjie Kuang +7 位作者 Ziyan Xu Xuemei Wu Dawei Zhang Fang Yan Xiangju Li Xueping Zhou Guirong Wang Huanbin Zhou 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期661-665,共5页
Only few glufosinate-tolerant genes,such as phosphinothricin acetyltransferase(PAT)and bialaphos resistance(bar)identified from Streptomyces,are currently available for developing genetically modified rice in agricult... Only few glufosinate-tolerant genes,such as phosphinothricin acetyltransferase(PAT)and bialaphos resistance(bar)identified from Streptomyces,are currently available for developing genetically modified rice in agricultural application.Following the rapid development of genome editing technology,generation of novel glufosinate-tolerant gene resources through artificial evolution of endogenous genes is more promising and highly desirable in rice molecular breeding program.In this study,the endogenous Glutamine synthetase1(OsGS1)was artificially evolved by base-editing-mediated gene evolution(BEMGE)in rice cells to create novel alleles conferring glufosinate tolerance in rice germplasms.Two novel glufosinate-tolerant OsGS1 alleles(OsGS1-AVPS and OsGS1-+AF)and one reported tolerant allele(OsGS1-SGTA)were successfully identified from approximately 4200 independent hygromycin-tolerant calli.Germination assays and spray tests revealed that these three OsGS1 alleles confer glufosinate tolerance in rice.Furthermore,OsGS1-AVPS and OsGS1-SGTA were quickly deployed into the elite rice cultivar Nangeng 46 through precise base editing.Overall,our results demonstrate the feasibility of developing glufosinate-tolerant rice by editing an endogenous rice gene in molecular breeding programs. 展开更多
关键词 Base editing Gene evolution Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate tolerance RICE
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Characterization of prognosis and immune infiltration by a novel glutamine metabolism-related model in cutaneous melanoma
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作者 MENGQIN ZHU TIANYI XU +4 位作者 HAN ZHANG XIN FAN YULAN WANG JIAJIA ZHANG FEI YU 《BIOCELL》 SCIE 2023年第9期1931-1945,共15页
Glutamine metabolism(GM)plays an important role in tumor growth and proliferation.Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a glutamine-dependent cancer.However,the molecular characteristics and action mechanism of GM on SKCM r... Glutamine metabolism(GM)plays an important role in tumor growth and proliferation.Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a glutamine-dependent cancer.However,the molecular characteristics and action mechanism of GM on SKCM remain unclear.Therefore,we aimed to explore the effects of GM-related genes on survival,clinicopathological characteristics,and the tumor microenvironment in SKCM.In this study,682 SKCM samples were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.Consensus clustering was used to classify SKCM samples into distinct subtypes based on 41 GM-related genes.Differences in survival,immune infiltration,clinical characteristics,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways as well as differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between subgroups were evaluated.A prognostic model was constructed according to prognostic DEGs.Differential analyses in survival,immune infiltration,tumor microenvironment(TME),tumor mutation burden(TMB),stemness,and drug sensitivity between risk groups were conducted.We identified two distinct GM-related subtypes on SKCM and found that GM-related gene alterations were associated with survival probability,clinical features,biological function,and immune infiltration.Then a risk model based on six DEGs(IL18,SEMA6A,PAEP,TNFRSF17,AIM2,and CXCL10)was constructed and validated for predicting overall survival in SKCM patients.The results showed that the risk score was negatively correlated with CD8+T cells,activated CD4+memory T cells,M1 macrophages,andγδT cells.The group with a low-risk score was accompanied by a better survival rate with higher TME scores and lower stemness index.Moreover,the group with high-and low-risk score had a significant difference with the sensitivity of 75 drugs(p<0.001).Overall,distinct subtypes in SKCM patients based on GM-related genes were identified and the risk model was constructed,which might contribute to prognosis prediction,guide clinical therapy,and develop novel therapeutic strategies. 展开更多
关键词 Glutamine metabolism Cutaneous melanoma Immune infiltration Overall survival
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Effects of Rare Earth Lanthanum and Cerium on Key Enzyme Activi-ties of Soybean Nitrogen Metabolism
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作者 Ren Hong-yu Zhang Shu-ying +3 位作者 Zhang Tian-ren Wang Wen-bo Li Hao-yang Zhang Xing-wen 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2023年第1期28-36,共9页
In this study,the typical northeast soybean varieties Dongnong 42(high protein),Dongnong 47(high fat)and Dongnong 52(mixed-use)were used as experimental materials and planted in pots.Foliar spraying 100,150 and 200 mg... In this study,the typical northeast soybean varieties Dongnong 42(high protein),Dongnong 47(high fat)and Dongnong 52(mixed-use)were used as experimental materials and planted in pots.Foliar spraying 100,150 and 200 mg•L^(-1)LaCl_(3)solution,30,60 and 90 mg•L^(-1)CeCl_(3)solution and 40,60 and 70 mg•L^(-1)LaCl_(3)+CeCl_(3)mixed solution.To study the effects of different types and concentrations of rare earth on nitrate reductase activity,glutamine synthetase activity of soybean leaves and protein content of soybean grains.The results showed that spraying appropriate concentration of rare earth solution on the leaves could increase the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase in soybean functional leaves and the protein content of soybean grains.The protein content of the three types of soybean grains was significantly positively correlated with the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in the leaves. 展开更多
关键词 rare earth SOYBEAN nitrate reductase glutamine synthetase protein
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Glutamine addiction and therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer
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作者 Lin-Lin Ren Tao Mao +3 位作者 Pin Meng Li Zhang Hong-Yun Wei Zi-Bin Tian 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》 SCIE 2023年第11期1852-1863,共12页
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide owing to its late diagnosis,early metastasis,and poor prognosis.Because current therapeutic options are limited,there is an urgent need to investigat... Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide owing to its late diagnosis,early metastasis,and poor prognosis.Because current therapeutic options are limited,there is an urgent need to investigate novel targeted treatment strategies.Pancreatic cancer faces significant metabolic challenges,principally hypoxia and nutrient deprivation,due to specific microenvironmental constraints,including an extensive desmoplastic stromal reaction.Pancreatic cancer cells have been shown to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support rapid survival and proliferation.Increased glucose uptake and glycolytic pathway activity during this process have been extensively described.However,growing evidence suggests that pancreatic cancer cells are glutamine addicted.As a nitrogen source,glutamine directly(or indirectly via glutamate conversion)contributes to many anabolic processes in pancreatic cancer,including amino acids,nucleobases,and hexosamine biosynthesis.It also plays an important role in redox homeostasis,and when converted toα-ketoglutarate,glutamine serves as an energy and anaplerotic carbon source,replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of glutamine metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer,focusing on potential therapeutic approaches targeting glutamine metabolism in pancreatic cancer. 展开更多
关键词 Pancreatic cancer Glutamine metabolism Cancer treatment Therapeutic strategies
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Characteristics of amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer
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作者 Fen Xu Hong-Liang Jiang +2 位作者 Wei-Wei Feng Chen Fu Jiang-Chang Zhou 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2023年第27期6318-6326,共9页
In recent years,metabolomics research has become a hot spot in the screening and treatment of cancer.It is a popular technique for the quantitative characterization of small molecular compounds in biological cells,tis... In recent years,metabolomics research has become a hot spot in the screening and treatment of cancer.It is a popular technique for the quantitative characterization of small molecular compounds in biological cells,tissues,organs or organisms.Further study of the tumor revealed that amino acid changes may occur early in the tumor.The rapid growth and metabolism required for survival result in tumors exhibiting an increased demand for amino acids.An abundant supply of amino acids is important for cancer to maintain its proliferative driving force.Changes in amino acid metabolism can be used to screen malignant tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes.Therefore,it is particularly important to study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer.This article reviews several specific amino acid metabolism characteristics in colorectal cancer. 展开更多
关键词 Metabolomics Amino acid metabolism Colorectal cancer GLUTAMINE
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Prognostic model and treatment plan analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on genes related to glutamine metabolism
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作者 Liang Yu Chen Ying +3 位作者 Wang Hao-jie Ren Ming-xin Liu Gao-feng Liu Chang-qing 《Journal of Hainan Medical University》 CAS 2023年第16期41-51,共11页
Objective:To identify the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the effect of anti-cancer drug therapy by screening glutamine metabolism-related signature genes because glutamine metabolism plays an important ... Objective:To identify the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the effect of anti-cancer drug therapy by screening glutamine metabolism-related signature genes because glutamine metabolism plays an important role in tumor development.Methods:We obtained gene expression samples of normal liver tissue and hepatocellular carcinoma from the TCGA database and GEO database,screened for differentially expressed glutamine metabolismrelated genes(GMRGs),constructed a prognostic model by lasso regression and step cox analysis,and assessed the differences in drug sensitivity between high-and low-risk groups.Results:We screened 23 differentially expressed GMRGs by differential analysis,and correlation loop plots and PPI protein interaction networks indicated that these differential genes were strongly correlated.The four most characterized genes(CAD,PPAT,PYCR3,and SLC7A11)were obtained by lasso regression and step cox,and a risk model was constructed and confirmed to have reliable predictive power in the TCGA dataset and GEO dataset.Finally,immunotherapy is better in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group,and chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy are better in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group.Conclusion:In conclusion,we have developed a reliable prognostic risk model characterized by glutamine metabolism-related genes,which may provide a viable basis for the prognosis and Treatment options of HCC patients. 展开更多
关键词 Hepatocellular carcinoma Glutamine metabolism Prognostic model Drug sensitivity analysis
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Methods for the Determination of Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen Directly in Valine, Proline, Glutamine, and Glutamic Acid
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作者 Lamzira Farulava Levani Eliashvili +1 位作者 Vakhtang Betlemidze Bachana Sulava 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2023年第10期467-480,共14页
Amino acids are very important compounds for the body and are involved in important functions that keep us healthy. Amino acids are essential components such as valine, proline, glutamine and glutamic acid. They can b... Amino acids are very important compounds for the body and are involved in important functions that keep us healthy. Amino acids are essential components such as valine, proline, glutamine and glutamic acid. They can be synthesized either naturally or artificially. To examine the metabolism and regulate the synthesis process, compounds labeled with nitrogen or carbon isotopes need to be used. These isotopic compounds allow for more extensive research and enable studies that would otherwise be impossible. However, their use is dependent on the availability of simple, efficient methods for isotopic analysis. Currently, the determination of the atomic fraction of carbon and nitrogen isotopes is only possible through their conversion into molecular nitrogen or carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. This leads to the loss of information about isotopic enrichment in specific centers of the molecule. This article explores a new direct approach to determining the atomic fraction of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the isotope-modified or identical centers of these compounds. This method eliminates the transfer process and dilution due to nitrogen and carbon impurities. It is now possible to simultaneously determine the atomic fraction of nitrogen and carbon isotopes in the research substance. This method can be applied to amino acids, making it an effective tool for proposing new research methods. Several articles [1] [2] [3] have proposed similar methods for organic compounds and amino acids. 展开更多
关键词 VALINE PROLINE GLUTAMINE Glutamic Acid Mass Spectrometer Mass Spectrum Ion Current INTENSITY Mass Lines Molecular and Fragment Ions
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Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Combination with Glutamine Administration on Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Colon-26 Tumor-Bearing Mice
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作者 Daisuke Tatebayashi Koichi Himori +1 位作者 Yuki Ashida Takashi Yamada 《Proceedings of Anticancer Research》 2023年第6期21-32,共12页
The depressed protein synthetic response,a phenomenon termed anabolic resistance,has been shown to be involved in muscle wasting induced by cancer cachexia.Moreover,a positive relationship between the protein syntheti... The depressed protein synthetic response,a phenomenon termed anabolic resistance,has been shown to be involved in muscle wasting induced by cancer cachexia.Moreover,a positive relationship between the protein synthetic rate and intracellular glutamine(GLN)concentration has been found in skeletal muscles.This study investigated the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation(ES)and GLN administration on muscle wasting and GLN metabolism in colon-26(C-26)tumor-bearing mice.CD2F1 mice were divided into 8 groups:control(CNT),CNT+ES,CNT+GLN,CNT+ES+GLN,C-26,C-26+ES,C-26+GLN,C-26+ES+GLN.Cancer cachexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of C-26 cells and developed for four weeks.ES was performed on the left plantar flexor muscles every other day,and GLN(1 g/kg)was administered daily intraperitoneally starting one day after the C-26 injection.Tumor-free body mass and fast-twitch gastrocnemius(Gas)muscle weight were lower in the C-26 group than in the CNT group(-19%and-17%,respectively).Neither ES training nor GLN administration,alone or in combination,ameliorated the loss of Gas muscle weight in the C-26 mice.However,ES training in combination with GLN administration inhibited the increased expression of GLN synthetase(GS)in the C-26 muscles.Thus,it is likely that GLN plays a critical role in muscle protein metabolism and,therefore,can be targeted as a tentative treatment of cancer cachexia. 展开更多
关键词 Cancer cachexia Anabolic resistance Muscle atrophy GLUTAMINE Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
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耳蜗中的谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环 被引量:3
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作者 曹效平 黄志纯 李兴启 《国外医学(耳鼻咽喉科学分册)》 2005年第6期326-328,共3页
谷氨酸是耳蜗内主要的传入神经递质,其对听觉的产生具有重要的作用,同时过量释放的谷氨酸引起的兴奋性毒性作用与许多内耳疾病的发生有关。耳蜗中可能存在谷氨酸摄取系统,即谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环。本文对耳蜗中可能存在的谷氨酸-谷氨酰... 谷氨酸是耳蜗内主要的传入神经递质,其对听觉的产生具有重要的作用,同时过量释放的谷氨酸引起的兴奋性毒性作用与许多内耳疾病的发生有关。耳蜗中可能存在谷氨酸摄取系统,即谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环。本文对耳蜗中可能存在的谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环学说的来源、作用机理、及相关分子的分布特点、临床意义等进行简要综述。 展开更多
关键词 耳蜗(Cochlea) 谷氨酸(Glutamic Acid) 谷氨酰胺(Glutamine) 谷氨酸摄取 谷氨酰胺 耳蜗 循环 兴奋性毒性作用 神经递质 内耳疾病 相关分子
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Hydrothermally Synthesized NanobioMOFs, Evaluated by Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
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作者 Tabinda Sattar Muhammad Athar 《Modern Research in Catalysis》 2017年第2期80-99,共20页
Three new materials, nanobioMOFs (cobalt argeninate, cobalt asparaginate and cobalt glutaminate) have been hydrothermally synthesized. Nano sized morphology of all these materials have been obtained by scanning electr... Three new materials, nanobioMOFs (cobalt argeninate, cobalt asparaginate and cobalt glutaminate) have been hydrothermally synthesized. Nano sized morphology of all these materials have been obtained by scanning electron microscopic technique. Mass spectrometric studies of all these materials have been conducted for determination of their molar masses. All these nanobioMOFs have been found to exhibit photocatalytic hydrogen generation in pure water upon irradiation at wavelengths longer than 650 nm. The amounts of quantum yield of hydrogen generation at 650 nm in water was 4.5%, 4.0% and 3.5% for cobalt argeninate, cobalt asparaginate and cobalt glutaminate respectively. The apparently higher yield of hydrogen generation from these amine functionalized nanobioMOFs can direct to the development of more nano sized functionalized MOFs for water splitting. 展开更多
关键词 NANO bioMOFs COBALT Argeninate COBALT Asparaginate COBALT glutaminate PHOTO CATALYSIS HYDROGEN Generation
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Protective effect of glutamine on intestinal injury and bacterial community in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia environment 被引量:29
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作者 Chun-Lan Xu Rui Sun +3 位作者 Xiang-Jin Qiao Cui-Cui Xu Xiao-Ya Shang Wei-Ning Niu 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第16期4662-4674,共13页
AIM:To investigate the protective effect of glutamine(Gln)on intestinal injury and the bacterial community in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia environment.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control,hypobar... AIM:To investigate the protective effect of glutamine(Gln)on intestinal injury and the bacterial community in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia environment.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control,hypobaric hypoxia(HH),and hypobaric hypoxia+Gln(5.0 g/kg BW·d)(HG)groups.On the first 3 d,all rats were placed in a normal environment.After the third day,the HH and HG groups were transferred into a hypobaric chamber at a simulated elevation of 7000m for 5 d.The rats in the HG group were given Gln by gavage daily for 8 d.The rats in the control and HH groups were treated with the same volume of saline.The intestinal morphology,serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)and diamino oxidase(DAO)were examined.We also evaluated the expression levels of occludin,toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65)and myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),and examined the bacterial community in caecal contents.RESULTS:Hypobaric hypoxia induced the enlargement of the heart,liver,lung and kidney,and caused spleen atrophy.Intestinal villi damage was also observed in the HH group.Supplementation with Gln significantly alleviated hypobaric-induced damage to main organs including the intestine,increased serum SOD(1.14±0.03 vs 0.88±0.04,P<0.05)and MDA(8.35±1.60,P<0.01)levels and decreased serum IL-6(1172.13±30.49 vs 1407.05±34.36,P<0.05),TNF-α(77.46±0.78 vs 123.70±3.03,P<0.001),IFN-γ(1355.42±72.80 vs 1830.16±42.07,P<0.01)and DAO(629.30±9.15 vs 524.10±13.34,P<0.001)levels.Moreover,Gln significantly increased occludin(0.72±0.05 vs 0.09±0.01,P<0.001),TLR4(0.15±0.05 vs 0.30±0.09,P<0.05),MyD88(0.32±0.08 vs 0.71±0.06,P<0.01),and NF-κB p65(0.16±0.04 vs 0.44±0.03,P<0.01)expression levels and improved the intestinal bacterial community.CONCLUSION:Gln treatment protects from intestinal injury and regulates the gut flora imbalance in hypoxia environment.These effects may be related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. 展开更多
关键词 Hypobaric HYPOXIA GLUTAMINE INTESTINAL MUCOSA Immu
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Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment 被引量:14
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作者 Xin Zhou1 Yuan Xin Li2 +1 位作者 Ning Li2 Jie Shou Li2 1Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093. Jiangsu Province. China2Research Institute of General Hospital. Chinese PLA General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area, Nanjing 210002. Jiangsu Province. China 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2001年第1期66-73,共8页
AIM To investigate the individual and thecombined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber,and growth hormone on the structural adaptationof the remnant small bowel.METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwen... AIM To investigate the individual and thecombined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber,and growth hormone on the structural adaptationof the remnant small bowel.METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel( TPN ) support during the first threepostoperational days. From the 4thpostoperational day, animals were randomlyassigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral20 g.L- 1 glycine perfusion; TPN + Gin group,receiving TPN and enteral 20 g.L-1 glutamineperfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteralnutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g@L-1 glycine; EN+ Gin group, enteral nutrition fortified with20g. L-1 glutamine; EN + Fib group, enteralnutrition and 2 g. d- 1 oral soybean fiber; EN + GHgroup, enteral nutrition and subcutaneousgrowth hormone (GH) (0.31U) injection twicedaily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN.oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GHinjection.RESULTS Enteral glutamine perfusion duringTPN increased the small intestinal villus height(jejunal villus height 250 μm ±29 μm in TPNconvs 330 μm ± 54 μm in TPN + Gin, ileal villus height260μm±28μm in TPNcon vs 330 μm±22μm inTPN + Gin, P<0.05) and mucosa thickness( jejunal mucosa thickness 360 μm ± 32 μm inTPNcon vs 460 μm ± 65 μm in TPN + Gin, ilealmucosa thickness 400 μm ± 25 μm in TPNcon vs490μm ± 11 μm in TPN + Gin, P<0.05) incomparison with the TPNcon group. Either fibersupplementation or GH administration improvedbody mass gain (end body weight 270 g ± 3.6 g inEN+Fib, 265.7 g ± 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257g±3.3g in ENcon, P<0.05), elevated plasmainsulin-like growth factor ( IGF-Ⅰ ) level(880 μg. L-1 ± 52 μg. L-1 in EN + Fib, 1200 μg. L-1± 96 μg. L- 1 in EN ± GH, vs 620 μg. L-1 ±43 μg. L-1 in ENcon, P<0.05), and increased thevillus height (jejunum 560 μm ± 44 μm in EN ± Fib,530 μm± 30 μm in EN ± GH, vs 450 μm ± 44 μm inENcon, ileum 400 μm ± 30 μm in EN + Fib, 380 μm±49 μm in EN± GH, vs 320 μm± 16 μm in ENcon,P<0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum740 μm ± 66 μm in EN ± Fib, 705 μm ± 27 μm in EN ±GH, vs 608 μm ± 58 μm in ENcon, ileum 570 μm ±27 μm in EN ± Fib, 560 μm ± 56 μm in EN ± GH, vs480μm ± 40 μm in ENcon, P<0.05) in remnantjejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched ENproduced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-Ⅰ level, and remnant small bowel mucosalstructure. The ENint group had greater bodymass (280g ± 2.2g), plasma IGF-Ⅰ level(1450g@L-1 ± 137g. L 1), and villus height(jejunum 620 μm ± 56 μm, ileum 450 um ± 31 μm)and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 μm ± 52 μm,ileum 633 μm± 33 μm) than those in ENcon, EN +Gin (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness450 μm ± 47 μm and 610 μm ± 63 μm, ileum villusheight and mucosa thickness 330 μm ± 39 μm and500 μm± 52 μm), EN + GH groups (P<0.05), andthan those in EN + Fib group although nostatistical significance was attained.CONCLUSION Both dietary fiber and GH whenused separately can enhance the postresectionalsmall bowel structural adaptation. Simultaneoususe of these two gut-trophic factors can producesynergistic effects on small bowel structuraladaptation. Enteral glutamine perfusion isbeneficial in preserving small bowel mucosalstructure during TPN, but has little beneficialeffect during EN. 展开更多
关键词 Short BOWEL syndrome intestinal MUCOSA SOMATOTROPIN GLUTAMINE dietary fiber PARENTERAL nutrition total rats
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Glutamine:aprecursor of glutathione and its effect on liver 被引量:23
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作者 YU Jian Chun, JIANG Zhu Ming and LI De Min 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1999年第2期55-58,共4页
METHODSTwentymaleWistarratswererandomlydividedintotwogroups:onereceivingstandardparenteralnutrition(STD)and... METHODSTwentymaleWistarratswererandomlydividedintotwogroups:onereceivingstandardparenteralnutrition(STD)andtheothersuppleme... 展开更多
关键词 GLUTAMINE glutathione/biosynthesis liver/drug EFFECTS
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Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate (Aminogut) on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets 被引量:17
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作者 Rafael A Cabrera James L Usry +4 位作者 Consuelo Arrellano Eduardo T Nogueira Marianne Kutschenko Adam J Moeser Jack Odle 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS 2013年第3期211-222,共12页
Background: Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption.L-Glutamine(GLN) is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial cells.The objective of this study was to determine the i... Background: Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption.L-Glutamine(GLN) is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial cells.The objective of this study was to determine the impact of creep feeding and adding GLN or AminoGut(AG;containing glutamine + glutamate) to pre-and post-weaning diets on pig performance and intestinal health.Litters(N = 120) were allotted to four treatments during 14–21 d of lactation: 1) No creep feed(NC,n = 45);2) creep fed control diet(CFCD,n = 45);3) creep fed 1% GLN(CFGLN,n = 15);4) creep fed.88% AG(CFAG,n = 15).After weaning,the NC and CFCD groups were sub-divided into three groups(n = 15 each),receiving either a control nursery diet(NC-CD,CFCD-CD) or a diet supplemented with either GLN(NC-GLN,CFCD-GLN) or with AG(NC-AG,CFCD-AG).Litters that were creep fed with diets containing GLN or AG also were supplemented with those amino acids in the nursery diets(CFGLN-GLN,CFAG-AG).Glutamine was added at 1% in all three post-weaning diet phases and AG was added at.88% in phase 1 and 2 and at.66% in phase 3.Results: Feed conversion(feed/gain) showed means among treatment means close to significance(P = 0.056) and Tukey's test for pairwise mean comparisons showed that Pigs in the CFGLN-GLN group had the best feed conversion(feed/gain) in the first three-week period post-weaning,exceeding(P = 0.044) controls(CFCD-CD) by 34%.The NC-AG group had(P = 0.02) the greatest feed intake in the last three week of the study,exceeding controls(CFCD-CD) by 12%.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and sow reared(SR) pigs had the greatest(P = 0.049) villi height exceeding the CFCD-AG group by 18%,20% and 19% respectively.The CFAG-AG group had the deepest(P = 0.001) crypts among all treatments.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and SR groups had the greatest(P = 0.001) number of cells proliferating(PCNA) exceeding those in the NC-CD group by 43%,54% and 63% respectively.Sow reared pigs showed the greatest(P = 0.001) intestinal absorption capacity for xylose and mannitol.Conclusion: Supplementation of creep feed and nursery diets with GLN and/or AminoGut in the first three week improved feed conversion possibly due to improved intestinal health. 展开更多
关键词 Creep feeding GLUTAMINE Growth performance Intestinal health SEM VILLI
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Influences of Mo on Nitrate Reductase, Glutamine Synthetase and Nitrogen Accumulation and Utilization in Mo-Efficient and Mo-Inefficient Winter Wheat Cultivars 被引量:17
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作者 YU Min HU Cheng-xiao +1 位作者 SUN Xue-cheng WANG Yun-hua 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2010年第3期355-361,共7页
The objective is to study whether the accumulation and utilization of plant N are controlled by Mo status in winter wheat cultivars. Mo-efficient cultivar 97003 (eft) and Mo-inefficient cultivar 97014 (ineff) were... The objective is to study whether the accumulation and utilization of plant N are controlled by Mo status in winter wheat cultivars. Mo-efficient cultivar 97003 (eft) and Mo-inefficient cultivar 97014 (ineff) were grown in severely Mo-deficient acidic soil (Tamm-reagent-extractable Mo 0.112 mg kg^-1) with (+Mo) and without (-Mo) the application of 0.13 mg kg^-1 Mo. The accumulation and use efficiency of plant total N were significantly higher in +Mo than that in -Mo and in eft than that in ineff under Mo deficiency. N use efficiency was remarkably higher in maturity but it was forwarded to jointing stage after Mo supply, thus indicating that Mo supply promoted the N use efficiency besides N uptake and eff was efficient in N uptake and utilization. The overall activity of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) was significantly higher in +Mo than in -Mo and ratio of +Mo/-Mo was even to 14.8 at filleting stage for ineff. Activity of glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) was significantly lower in +Mo than in -Mo. Concentration of nitrate and glutamate were also significantly lower in +Mo than in -Mo, thus provided evidences for enhancing N use efficiency by Mo supply. Activities of NR and GS were significantly higher and concentrations of nitrate and glutamate were significantly lower in eff than ineff under Mo deficiency, thus indicated eff was more efficient in N reduction and utilization. It is therefore concluded that Mo could promote N accumulation and utilization in winter wheat which was directly related to NR and feedback regulated by GS. Higher Mo status also results in higher accumulation and utilization of plant N in eft. 展开更多
关键词 winter wheat MO N accumulation N use efficiency nitrate reductase glutamine synthetase
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Enteral nutrition combined with glutamine promotes recovery after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in rats 被引量:10
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作者 Yan-Yan Xu An-Qi He +3 位作者 Gang Liu Kai-Yu Li Jian Liu Tong Liu 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2018年第5期583-592,共10页
AIM To assess the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) supplemented with glutamine on recovery after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA) in rats, to provide an experimental basis for nutritional support in patients with ulc... AIM To assess the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) supplemented with glutamine on recovery after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA) in rats, to provide an experimental basis for nutritional support in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) after IPAA. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups(n = 8) after IPAA operation using a microsurgical technique. From the third postoperative day, rats in the control group, EN group, and immune nutrition(IN) group were fed standard rat chow, short peptide EN, and short peptide EN combined with glutamine ad libitum, respectively. The rats' general condition was observed throughout the study. Serum levels of total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), prealbumin(PA), and transferrin(TF) were detected on the 30 th postoperative day, using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The ileal pouch mucosa was stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE), and occludin protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight of rats in the EN group(359.20 ± 10.06 g) was significantly higher than that in the control group(344.00 ± 9.66 g)(P < 0.05) and lower than that in the IN group(373.60 ± 9.86 g)(P < 0.05) on the 30 th postoperative day. The levels of serum TP, ALB, PA, and TF in the EN group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01 for all) and lower than those in the IN group(P < 0.05 for all). Histopathological score(EN: 0.80 ± 0.37; IN: 0.60 ± 0.40; control group: 2.29 ± 0.18) and expression level of occludin protein(EN: 0.182 ± 0.054; IN: 0.188 ± 0.048; control group: 0.127 ± 0.032) were significantly lower in the control group compared with the EN and IN groups(P < 0.05 for all), but there were no significant differences between the latter two groups(P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION EN combined with glutamine may effectively improve nutritional status after IPAA. Our results suggest a benefit of glutamine supplementation in EN for UC patients undergoing IPAA, although human studies are required to confirm this finding. 展开更多
关键词 ENTERAL nutrition GLUTAMINE ILEAL pouchanal ANASTOMOSIS NUTRITIONAL status RECOVERY
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