Objective The metabolic reprogramming of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells is a compensatory adaptation to meet energy requirements for rapid proliferation.This study aimed to examine the synergistic effects of glutami...Objective The metabolic reprogramming of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells is a compensatory adaptation to meet energy requirements for rapid proliferation.This study aimed to examine the synergistic effects of glutamine deprivation and metformin exposure on AML cells.Methods SKM-1 cells(an AML cell line)were subjected to glutamine deprivation and/or treatment with metformin or bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide(BPTES,a glutaminase inhibitor)or cytarabine.Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS)by flow cytometry.Western blotting was conducted to examine the levels of apoptotic proteins,including cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP).Moreover,the human long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)microarray was used to analyze gene expression after glutamine deprivation,and results were confirmed with quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR).The expression of metallothionein 2A(MT2A)was suppressed using siRNA.Cell growth and apoptosis were further detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively,in cells with MT2A knockdown.Results Glutamine deprivation or treatment with BPTES inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.The lncRNA microarray result showed that the expression of MT family genes was significantly upregulated after glutamine deprivation.MT2A knockdown increased apoptosis,while proliferation was not affected in SKM-1 cells.In addition,metformin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.Both glutamine deprivation and metformin enhanced the sensitivity of SKM-1 cells to cytarabine.Furthermore,the combination of glutamine deprivation with metformin exhibited synergistic antileukemia effects on SKM-1 cells.Conclusion Targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with metformin is a promising new therapeutic strategy for AML.展开更多
Glutamine is one of the most abundant non-essential amino acids in human plasma and plays a crucial role in many biological processes of the human body.Tumor cells take up a large amount of glutamine to meet their rap...Glutamine is one of the most abundant non-essential amino acids in human plasma and plays a crucial role in many biological processes of the human body.Tumor cells take up a large amount of glutamine to meet their rapid proliferation requirements,which is supported by the upregulation of glutamine transporters.Targeted inhibition of glutamine transporters effectively inhibits cell growth and proliferation in tumors.Among all cancers,digestive system malignant tumors(DSMTs)have the highest incidence and mortality rates,and the current therapeutic strategies for DSMTs are mainly surgical resection and chemotherapy.Due to the relatively low survival rate and severe side effects associated with DSMTs treatment,new treatment strategies are urgently required.This article summarizes the glutamine transporters involved in DSMTs and describes their role in DSMTs.Additionally,glutamine transportertarget drugs are discussed,providing theoretical guidance for the further development of drugs DSMTs treatment.展开更多
Glutamine (Gln) is the most abundant amino acid in the body, playing a versatile role in both maintaining homeostasis and contributing to various pathologies. This review explores the physiological functions of Gln, d...Glutamine (Gln) is the most abundant amino acid in the body, playing a versatile role in both maintaining homeostasis and contributing to various pathologies. This review explores the physiological functions of Gln, detailing its enzymatic synthesis and degradation, as well as its role across different organs, tissues and systems in both normal and pathological conditions. This review is a search of relevant topics related with Gln and its actions;its key areas discussed include the immune system, heat shock proteins, skeletal muscle, central nervous system, the intestinal mucosal barrier, liver, kidney, gluconeogenesis, types 1 and 2 diabetes, burns, cancer, and hepatic encephalopathy. While Gln demonstrates numerous beneficial effects, it can also contribute to adverse outcomes in specific diseases, such as cancer and hepatic encephalopathy. Despite these complexities, it is crucial to keep searching for glutamine’s role in health and disease. Understanding how Gln supplementation may support patients taking multidrug therapy to reduce the need for certain medications, and enhancing treatment adherence and disease management is particularly important.展开更多
The gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged as a novel target for Alzheimer's disease(AD),a neurodegenerative disease characterised by behavioural and cognitive impairment.However,most previous microbiome-based inte...The gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged as a novel target for Alzheimer's disease(AD),a neurodegenerative disease characterised by behavioural and cognitive impairment.However,most previous microbiome-based intervention studies have focused on single factors and yielded only modest cognitive improvements.Here,we proposed a multidomain intervention strategy that combined Bifidobacterium breve treatment with environmental enrichment(EE)training.In this study,we found that compared with EE or B.breve treatment alone,B.breve intervention combined with EE amplified its neuroprotective effects on AD mice,as reflected by improved cognition,inhibited neuroinflammation and enhanced synaptic function.Moreover,using microbiome and metabolome profiling,we found that the combination of B.breve and EE treatment restored AD-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and reversed microbial metabolite changes.Finally,by integrating behavioural and neurological data with metabolomic profiles,we revealed that the underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of microbiota-derived glutamine metabolism via gut-brain interactions.Collectively,combined B.breve intervention with EE treatment can alleviate AD-related cognitive impairment and improve brain function by regulating glutamine metabolism of the gut microbiome.Our findings provide a promising multidomain intervention strategy,with a combination of dietary microbiome-based and lifestyle-targeted interventions,to promote brain function and delay the progression of AD.展开更多
The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages...The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages measured 99 × 66 × 25 cm that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatments comprising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in combination with 4 concentrations of Glutamine (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatment was replicated 3 times and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum with a 23-hour light regimen for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experimental birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion in order to determine their optimum requirement for dietary Lysine and Glutamine. Based on the findings of this study, the highest performance was observed in birds fed the diet supplemented with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine, but the highest improvement in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutamine, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine had the highest total body weight gain and feed consumption. The lysine requirements in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutamine level of 1%.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)poses a great challenge in liver surgery and transplantation because of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.The changes in glutamine synthetase(GS)expression ...BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)poses a great challenge in liver surgery and transplantation because of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.The changes in glutamine synthetase(GS)expression during hepatic IRI remain unclear.AIM To investigate the dynamic expression of GS during hepatic IRI.METHODS Following hepatic ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion,liver tissue samples were collected at 0.5,6,and 24 hours postreperfusion for fixation,embedding,section-ing.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and GS staining were performed.RESULTS GS expression rapidly decreases in hepatocytes around the central vein after IRI,reaching its lowest point at 6 hours postreperfusion,and then gradually recovers.CONCLUSION GS is highly sensitive to IRI,highlighting its potential role as an indicator of liver injury states and a target for therapeutic intervention.展开更多
In rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots two glutamine synthetase (GS) isozymes, GSra and GSrb, were identified recently in the author's experiments, but the homology of both GSra and GSrb as well as their localization in ...In rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots two glutamine synthetase (GS) isozymes, GSra and GSrb, were identified recently in the author's experiments, but the homology of both GSra and GSrb as well as their localization in the rice roots are unclear. In the present study, the purified GSra and GSrb from rice roots were used to immunize rabbits to obtain the respective antibodies. The immunodiffusion and immunoblotting experiments showed that the antibody against GSra or GSrb was specific for GS and its isozymes. The immunoprecipitation test indicated that the antibody of GSra or GSrb not only recognized its respective antigen, but also well recognized each other's antigen. GSra or GSrb antibody recognized also better cytosolic GS1 of rice leaves, but the recognization for chloroplast GS2 from rice or spinach (Spinacia oleracea Mill.) leaves was weaker. Our results indicate that GSra and GSrb from rice roots are quite similar in antigenicity and are extremely similar proteins and that both GSra and GSrb may also be a form of cytosolic GS just as the cytosolic GS1 of rice leaves.展开更多
目的采用Meta分析法综合评价对氧磷脂酶1 192Gln/Arg(PON1 Q192R)基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发冠心病的相关性。方法截至2017年3月,在Pubmed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方等数据库可检索到的已发表论文,由两位评价者根据纳入...目的采用Meta分析法综合评价对氧磷脂酶1 192Gln/Arg(PON1 Q192R)基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发冠心病的相关性。方法截至2017年3月,在Pubmed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方等数据库可检索到的已发表论文,由两位评价者根据纳入排除标准独立筛选和评价文献质量。采用Rev Man5.3和Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算合并比值比(odds ratio,OR)及其95%可信区间(confidence intervals,CI),并进行敏感度分析和发表偏倚评估。结果 9个病例-对照研究纳入本研究,包括1353例病例组(2型糖尿病并发冠心病组)和1360例对照组(单纯2型糖尿病组)。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯糖尿病组比较,5种基因模型均提示PON1Gln/Arg基因多态性和2型糖尿病并发冠心病显著相关[等位基因模型:R vs Q,OR=1.50,95%CI(1.23~1.83);纯合子基因模型:RR vs QQ,OR=2.28,95%CI(1.52~3.42);杂合子基因模型:QR vs QQ,OR=1.42,95%CI(1.18~1.71);显性基因模型:RR+RQ vs QQ,OR=1.59,95%CI(1.33~1.89);隐性基因模型:RR vs RQ+QQ,OR=1.74,95%CI(1.24~2.45)]。人口学的亚组分析提示,对氧磷脂酶1 192Gln/Arg基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发冠心病的相关性在亚洲和高加索人群中比较,差异无统计学意义。敏感度结果显示,合并的结果是稳定可靠的,漏斗图检测未发现发表偏倚。结论 PON1 192Gln/Arg基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发冠心病风险呈显著相关性,携带R等位基因的2型糖尿病人群相对于携带Q等位基因者,可能更易并发冠心病。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82270177).
文摘Objective The metabolic reprogramming of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells is a compensatory adaptation to meet energy requirements for rapid proliferation.This study aimed to examine the synergistic effects of glutamine deprivation and metformin exposure on AML cells.Methods SKM-1 cells(an AML cell line)were subjected to glutamine deprivation and/or treatment with metformin or bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide(BPTES,a glutaminase inhibitor)or cytarabine.Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS)by flow cytometry.Western blotting was conducted to examine the levels of apoptotic proteins,including cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP).Moreover,the human long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)microarray was used to analyze gene expression after glutamine deprivation,and results were confirmed with quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR).The expression of metallothionein 2A(MT2A)was suppressed using siRNA.Cell growth and apoptosis were further detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively,in cells with MT2A knockdown.Results Glutamine deprivation or treatment with BPTES inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.The lncRNA microarray result showed that the expression of MT family genes was significantly upregulated after glutamine deprivation.MT2A knockdown increased apoptosis,while proliferation was not affected in SKM-1 cells.In addition,metformin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.Both glutamine deprivation and metformin enhanced the sensitivity of SKM-1 cells to cytarabine.Furthermore,the combination of glutamine deprivation with metformin exhibited synergistic antileukemia effects on SKM-1 cells.Conclusion Targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with metformin is a promising new therapeutic strategy for AML.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003846)the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province,China(No.20212124).
文摘Glutamine is one of the most abundant non-essential amino acids in human plasma and plays a crucial role in many biological processes of the human body.Tumor cells take up a large amount of glutamine to meet their rapid proliferation requirements,which is supported by the upregulation of glutamine transporters.Targeted inhibition of glutamine transporters effectively inhibits cell growth and proliferation in tumors.Among all cancers,digestive system malignant tumors(DSMTs)have the highest incidence and mortality rates,and the current therapeutic strategies for DSMTs are mainly surgical resection and chemotherapy.Due to the relatively low survival rate and severe side effects associated with DSMTs treatment,new treatment strategies are urgently required.This article summarizes the glutamine transporters involved in DSMTs and describes their role in DSMTs.Additionally,glutamine transportertarget drugs are discussed,providing theoretical guidance for the further development of drugs DSMTs treatment.
文摘Glutamine (Gln) is the most abundant amino acid in the body, playing a versatile role in both maintaining homeostasis and contributing to various pathologies. This review explores the physiological functions of Gln, detailing its enzymatic synthesis and degradation, as well as its role across different organs, tissues and systems in both normal and pathological conditions. This review is a search of relevant topics related with Gln and its actions;its key areas discussed include the immune system, heat shock proteins, skeletal muscle, central nervous system, the intestinal mucosal barrier, liver, kidney, gluconeogenesis, types 1 and 2 diabetes, burns, cancer, and hepatic encephalopathy. While Gln demonstrates numerous beneficial effects, it can also contribute to adverse outcomes in specific diseases, such as cancer and hepatic encephalopathy. Despite these complexities, it is crucial to keep searching for glutamine’s role in health and disease. Understanding how Gln supplementation may support patients taking multidrug therapy to reduce the need for certain medications, and enhancing treatment adherence and disease management is particularly important.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972052,32021005,31820103010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP22006,JUSRP51501)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘The gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged as a novel target for Alzheimer's disease(AD),a neurodegenerative disease characterised by behavioural and cognitive impairment.However,most previous microbiome-based intervention studies have focused on single factors and yielded only modest cognitive improvements.Here,we proposed a multidomain intervention strategy that combined Bifidobacterium breve treatment with environmental enrichment(EE)training.In this study,we found that compared with EE or B.breve treatment alone,B.breve intervention combined with EE amplified its neuroprotective effects on AD mice,as reflected by improved cognition,inhibited neuroinflammation and enhanced synaptic function.Moreover,using microbiome and metabolome profiling,we found that the combination of B.breve and EE treatment restored AD-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and reversed microbial metabolite changes.Finally,by integrating behavioural and neurological data with metabolomic profiles,we revealed that the underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of microbiota-derived glutamine metabolism via gut-brain interactions.Collectively,combined B.breve intervention with EE treatment can alleviate AD-related cognitive impairment and improve brain function by regulating glutamine metabolism of the gut microbiome.Our findings provide a promising multidomain intervention strategy,with a combination of dietary microbiome-based and lifestyle-targeted interventions,to promote brain function and delay the progression of AD.
文摘The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages measured 99 × 66 × 25 cm that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatments comprising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in combination with 4 concentrations of Glutamine (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatment was replicated 3 times and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum with a 23-hour light regimen for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experimental birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion in order to determine their optimum requirement for dietary Lysine and Glutamine. Based on the findings of this study, the highest performance was observed in birds fed the diet supplemented with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine, but the highest improvement in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutamine, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine had the highest total body weight gain and feed consumption. The lysine requirements in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutamine level of 1%.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)poses a great challenge in liver surgery and transplantation because of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.The changes in glutamine synthetase(GS)expression during hepatic IRI remain unclear.AIM To investigate the dynamic expression of GS during hepatic IRI.METHODS Following hepatic ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion,liver tissue samples were collected at 0.5,6,and 24 hours postreperfusion for fixation,embedding,section-ing.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and GS staining were performed.RESULTS GS expression rapidly decreases in hepatocytes around the central vein after IRI,reaching its lowest point at 6 hours postreperfusion,and then gradually recovers.CONCLUSION GS is highly sensitive to IRI,highlighting its potential role as an indicator of liver injury states and a target for therapeutic intervention.
文摘In rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots two glutamine synthetase (GS) isozymes, GSra and GSrb, were identified recently in the author's experiments, but the homology of both GSra and GSrb as well as their localization in the rice roots are unclear. In the present study, the purified GSra and GSrb from rice roots were used to immunize rabbits to obtain the respective antibodies. The immunodiffusion and immunoblotting experiments showed that the antibody against GSra or GSrb was specific for GS and its isozymes. The immunoprecipitation test indicated that the antibody of GSra or GSrb not only recognized its respective antigen, but also well recognized each other's antigen. GSra or GSrb antibody recognized also better cytosolic GS1 of rice leaves, but the recognization for chloroplast GS2 from rice or spinach (Spinacia oleracea Mill.) leaves was weaker. Our results indicate that GSra and GSrb from rice roots are quite similar in antigenicity and are extremely similar proteins and that both GSra and GSrb may also be a form of cytosolic GS just as the cytosolic GS1 of rice leaves.
文摘目的采用Meta分析法综合评价对氧磷脂酶1 192Gln/Arg(PON1 Q192R)基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发冠心病的相关性。方法截至2017年3月,在Pubmed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方等数据库可检索到的已发表论文,由两位评价者根据纳入排除标准独立筛选和评价文献质量。采用Rev Man5.3和Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算合并比值比(odds ratio,OR)及其95%可信区间(confidence intervals,CI),并进行敏感度分析和发表偏倚评估。结果 9个病例-对照研究纳入本研究,包括1353例病例组(2型糖尿病并发冠心病组)和1360例对照组(单纯2型糖尿病组)。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯糖尿病组比较,5种基因模型均提示PON1Gln/Arg基因多态性和2型糖尿病并发冠心病显著相关[等位基因模型:R vs Q,OR=1.50,95%CI(1.23~1.83);纯合子基因模型:RR vs QQ,OR=2.28,95%CI(1.52~3.42);杂合子基因模型:QR vs QQ,OR=1.42,95%CI(1.18~1.71);显性基因模型:RR+RQ vs QQ,OR=1.59,95%CI(1.33~1.89);隐性基因模型:RR vs RQ+QQ,OR=1.74,95%CI(1.24~2.45)]。人口学的亚组分析提示,对氧磷脂酶1 192Gln/Arg基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发冠心病的相关性在亚洲和高加索人群中比较,差异无统计学意义。敏感度结果显示,合并的结果是稳定可靠的,漏斗图检测未发现发表偏倚。结论 PON1 192Gln/Arg基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发冠心病风险呈显著相关性,携带R等位基因的2型糖尿病人群相对于携带Q等位基因者,可能更易并发冠心病。
