Effect of Added Cu(OTf)₂on the Cu(OTf)₂(Py)₄-Mediated Radiofluorination of Benzoyl and Phthaloylglycinates

Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 mediated radiofluorination of the boronate esters of ethyl benzoyl and phthaloylglycinates (11 and 16) using 10 mol% of the copper complex following the literature procedure did not provide the fluorinated products. However, the addition of Cu(OTf)2resulted in the radio-fluorination of the boronate esters 11 and 16 to obtain ethyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl glycinate, 17, (48%) and ethyl 3-[18F]phthaloylglycinate (41%) respectively.

垄作和覆膜下盐碱地水盐运移和大豆产量的变化

选择河北省黄骅市中度盐碱土区布置夏播大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]田间试验,共设平播(对照)、平播覆膜、垄作及垄作覆膜4个处理,研究垄作和覆膜对土壤水盐运移和大豆产量的影响。结果表明,与传统平播方式相比,平播覆膜处理对土壤水盐运移和大豆产量的影响不显著;垄作处理能显著改变土壤水盐分布,特别是大豆生长中后期降雨量开始减少后,垄作定植沟会产生叠加集雨效果,显著提高大豆生长中期0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤含水量,减缓作物生长后期向表层返盐进程,有效降低土壤表层盐分含量,对保障大豆植株生长和产量均有一定的促进效果,可增产27.2%;垄作覆膜处理效果与垄作处理类似,覆膜措施影响不显著。垄作技术可以作为滨海盐碱地夏播大豆种植的农耕措施。

Identification and fine mapping of qSW2 for leaf slow wilting in soybean

Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.

Hypomethylation of glycine dehydrogenase promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a new diagnostic marker of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Glycine dehydrogenase(GLDC) plays an important role in the initiation and proliferation of several human cancers. In this study, we aimed to detect the methylation status of GLDC promoter and its diagnostic value for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC). Methods: We enrolled 197 patients, 111 with HBV-HCC, 51 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB), and 35 healthy controls(HCs). The methylation status of GLDC promoter in peripheral mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was identified by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP). The mRNA expression was examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The methylation frequency of the GLDC promoter was significantly lower in HBV-HCC patients(27.0%) compared to that in CHB patients(68.6%) and HCs(74.3%)( P < 0.001). The methylated group had lower alanine aminotransferase level( P = 0.035) and lower rates of tumor node metastasis(TNM) Ⅲ/Ⅳ( P = 0.043) and T3/T4( P = 0.026). TNM stage was identified to be an independent factor for GLDC promoter methylation. GLDC mRNA levels in CHB patients and HCs were significantly lower than those in HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.022 and P < 0.001, respectively). GLDC mRNA levels were significantly higher in HBV-HCC patients with unmethylated GLDC promoters than those with methylated GLDC promoters( P = 0.003). The diagnostic accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) combined with GLDC promoter methylation for HBV-HCC was improved compared with that of AFP alone(AUC: 0.782 vs. 0.630, P < 0.001). In addition, GLDC promoter methylation was an independent predictor for overall survival of HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.038). Conclusions: The methylation frequency of GLDC promoter was lower in PBMCs from HBV-HCC patients than that from patients with CHB and HCs. The combination of AFP and GLDC promoter hypomethylation significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of HBV-HCC.

Plasticity of photorespiratory carbon concentration mechanism in Sedobassia sedoides(Pall.)Freitag&G.Kadereit under elevated CO_(2)concentration and salinity

Rising atmospheric CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)concentrations and salinization are manifestations of climate change that affect plant growth and productivity.Species with an intermediate C_(3)-C_(4)type of photosynthesis live in a wide range of precipitation,temperature,and soil quality,but are more often found in warm and dry habitats.One of the intermediate C_(3)-C_(4)photosynthetic type is C_(2)photosynthesis with a carbon concentration mechanism(CCM)that reassimilates CO_(2)released via photorespiration.However,the ecological significance under which C_(2)photosynthesis has advantages over C_(3)and C_(4)plants remains largely unexplored.Salt tolerance and functioning of CCM were studied in plants from two populations(P1 and P2)of Sedobassia sedoides(Pall.)Freitag&G.Kadereit Asch.species with C_(2)photosynthesis exposed to 4 d and 10 d salinity(200 mM NaCl)at ambient(785.7 mg/m^(3),aCO_(2)and elevated(1571.4 mg/m^(3),eCO_(2))CO_(2).On the fourth day of salinity,an increase in Na+content,activity catalase,and superoxide dismutase was observed in both populations.P2 plants showed an increase in proline content and a decrease in photosynthetic enzyme content:rubisco,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),and glycine decarboxylase(GDC),which indicated a weakening of C_(2)and C_(4)characteristics under salinity.Treatment under 10 d salinity led to an increased Na^(+)content and activity of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I(PSI CEF),a decreased content of K^(+)and GDC in both populations.P1 plants showed greater salt tolerance,which was assessed by the degree of reduction in photosynthetic enzyme content,PSI CEF activity,and changes in relative growth rate(RGR).Differences between populations were evident under the combination of eCO_(2)and salinity.Under long-term salinity and eCO_(2),more salt-tolerant P1 plants had a higher dry biomass(DW),which was positively correlated with PSI CEF activity.In less salt-tolerant P2 plants,DW correlated with transpiration and dark respiration.Thus,S.sedoides showed a high degree of photosynthetic plasticity under the influence of salinity and eCO_(2)through strengthening(P1 plants)and weakening C_(4)characteristics(P2 plants).

Genome-wide association with transcriptomics reveals a shade-tolerance gene network in soybean

Shade tolerance is essential for soybeans in inter/relay cropping systems.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)integrated with transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify genes and construct a genetic network governing the trait in a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from two soybean parents with contrasting shade tolerance.An improved GWAS procedure,restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study based on gene/allele sequence markers(GASM-RTM-GWAS),identified 140 genes and their alleles associated with shade-tolerance index(STI),146 with relative pith cell length(RCL),and nine with both.Annotation of these genes by biological categories allowed the construction of a protein–protein interaction network by 187 genes,of which half were differentially expressed under shading and non-shading conditions as well as at different growth stages.From the identified genes,three ones jointly identified for both traits by both GWAS and transcriptome and two genes with maximum links were chosen as beginners for entrance into the network.Altogether,both STI and RCL gene systems worked for shade-tolerance with genes interacted each other,this confirmed that shadetolerance is regulated by more than single group of interacted genes,involving multiple biological functions as a gene network.

汉川市带状复合种植模式下不同品种大豆玉米产量及效益分析

为了探索汉川市带状复合种植模式下不同品种大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]、玉米(Zea mays L.)的产量及效益表现,分析了多个品种大豆、玉米在该模式下的产量、经济效益、社会效益。结果表明,大豆品种中豆63和玉米品种汉玉919在经济效益上表现优异。

基于博弈论组合赋权的评价体系在大豆区域试验中的应用

采用层次分析法、熵权法、基于博弈论的组合权重赋权法构建综合评价体系,对2014年河南省夏大豆[Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.]区域试验的15个参试品种(系)进行综合分析评价,以期为大豆区试中合理评价参试品系提供方法和依据。结果表明,基于博弈论的组合权重赋权法确定的指标权重与层次分析法和熵权法确定的指标权重相关系数分别为0.897(P<0.01)和0.282(P>0.05);3种确权方法下的综合评分差异不显著;基于博弈论组合赋权的综合评分排名与层次分析法和熵权法确权的综合评分排名相关系数分别为0.872(P<0.01)和0.603(P<0.05),与品系的实际表现和审定及推广情况有较好的一致性。以上结果说明,基于博弈论的层次分析法和熵权法组合赋权构建的评价体系能够科学合理地确定大豆综合评价体系中评价指标的权重,基于此构建的综合评价体系能够对大豆区试中参试品系的综合表现作出合理评价。

Natural variations and geographical distributions of seed carotenoids and chlorophylls in 1167 Chinese soybean accessions

Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophylls and revealed their associations with other nutritional quality traits in a genetically diverse set of Chinese soybean accessions comprised of cultivars and landraces.Genotype,planting year,accession type,seed cotyledon color,and ecoregion of origin significantly influenced the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls.The mean total carotenoid content was in the range of 8.15–14.72μg g–1 across the ecoregions.The total carotenoid content was 1.2-fold higher in the landraces than in the cultivars.Soybeans with green cotyledons had higher contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls than those with yellow cotyledons.Remarkably,lutein was the most abundant carotenoid in all the germplasms,ranging from 1.35–37.44μg g–1.Carotenoids and chlorophylls showed significant correlations with other quality traits,which will help to set breeding strategies for enhancing soybean carotenoids without affecting the other components.Collectively,our results demonstrate that carotenoids are adequately accumulated in soybean seeds,however,they are strongly influenced by genetic factors,accession type,and germplasm origin.We identified novel germplasms with the highest total carotenoid contents across the various ecoregions of China that could serve as the genetic materials for soybean carotenoid breeding programs,and thereby as the raw materials for food sectors,pharmaceuticals,and the cosmetic industry.

Performance in Survival,Development and Reproduction of Aphis glycines Matsumura Virginoparae at High Temperatures

The soybean aphid,Aphis glycines Matsumura,is an important pest of soybean,which is native to Asia.In this study,A.glycines fed on soybean(AgFS)and A.glycines fed on wild soybean(AgFW)were reared at 25℃,27℃,29℃,31℃,33℃and 35℃,respectively,and some of the life parameters were determined.At temperature ranging from 25℃to 31℃,nymphs of AgFS and AgFW all developed into adults successfully.Only a few nymphs of AgFS and AgFW developed into adults at 33℃and no nymphs could develop into adults at 35℃.Lifespan,fecundity and body size of AgFS and AgFW adults all decreased gradually with temperatures increasing from 25℃to 33℃.At 25℃,the intrinsic rate of increase of AgFS was as big as that at 27℃,which was smaller than that at 29℃,but was bigger than that at 31℃.Intrinsic rate of increase of AgFW decreased gradually with temperatures increasing from 25℃to 31℃.Nymph stage duration of AgFW was longer than or as long as that of AgFS;adult lifespan of AgFW was shorter than or as long as that of AgFS.Adult fecundity,intrinsic rate of increase and adult body size of AgFW were all smaller than or as big as those of AgFS.It showed that AgFS and AgFW both survived and developed well at temperature ranging from 25℃to 31℃,and AgFW was more adaptive to low temperatures.These results were important to study the adaptability of A.glycines to high temperatures and for predicting its dynamics in the temperature keeping rising region.

A novel procedure for identifying a hybrid QTL-allele system for hybrid-vigor improvement, with a case study in soybean(Glycine max)yield

“Breeding by design” for pure lines may be achieved by construction of an additive QTL-allele matrix in a germplasm panel or breeding population, but this option is not available for hybrids, where both additive and dominance QTL-allele matrices must be constructed. In this study, a hybrid-QTL identification approach, designated PLSRGA, using partial least squares regression(PLSR) for model fitting integrated with a genetic algorithm(GA) for variable selection based on a multi-locus, multi-allele model is described for additive and dominance QTL-allele detection in a diallel hybrid population(DHP). The PLSRGA was shown by simulation experiments to be superior to single-marker analysis and was then used for QTL-allele identification in a soybean DPH yield experiment with eight parents. Twenty-eight main-effect QTL with 138 alleles and nine QTL × environment QTL with 46 alleles were identified, with respective contributions of 61.8% and 23.5% of phenotypic variation. Main-effect additive and dominance QTL-allele matrices were established as a compact form of the DHP genetic structure. The mechanism of heterosis superior-to-parents(or superior-to-parents heterosis, SPH) was explored and might be explained by a complementary locus-set composed of OD+(showing positive over-dominance, most often), PD+(showing positive partial-to-complete dominance, less often) and HA+(showing positive homozygous additivity, occasionally) loci, depending on the parental materials. Any locus-type, whether OD+, PD + and HA+, could be the best genotype of a locus. All hybrids showed various numbers of better or best genotypes at many but not necessarily all loci, indicating further SPH improvement. Based on the additive/dominance QTL-allele matrices, the best hybrid genotype was predicted, and a hybrid improvement approach is suggested. PLSRGA is powerful for hybrid QTL-allele detection and cross-SPH improvement.

Influence of Colletotrichum truncatum on the Physiological and Chemical Quality in Different Varieties of Soy Seed

The literature highlights that a severe infection by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum may be capable of inflicting considerable damage to seeds after harvest, potentially affecting their chemical composition and physiological quality. Taking into account that currently there is no categorization in terms of susceptibility and tolerance on this pathogen, the present work is presented with the main objective of “Evaluate the influence of Pathogenicity of C. truncatum on the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)” most planted in the region. The work was carried out in the Agrotec laboratory, located in the Municipality of San Alberto (Alto Paraná), using a completely randomized experimental design, with AxB factorial arrangement, where A indicates ten most planted soybean varieties in the region and B with or without artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum truncatum, with twenty treatments and four repetitions. The variables evaluated were: germination, vigor, viability and chemical composition. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% error. The results showed a significant statistical difference, accepting the alternative hypothesis proposed “The pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum influences the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)”.

中国栽培和野生大豆农艺品质性状与SSR标记的关联分析 I.群体结构及关联标记

关联作图是一种利用连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)检测自然群体中基因位点及其等位变异的方法。利用60个SSR标记,对全国大豆地方品种群体(393份代表性材料)和野生大豆群体(196份代表性材料)的基因组变异进行扫描,分析两类群体的连锁不平衡位点、群体结构,并采用TASSEL软件的GLM(general linear model)方法对16个农艺、品质性状观测值进行标记与性状的关联分析。结果表明:(1)在公共图谱上不论共线性的或是非共线性的SSR位点组合都有一定程度的LD,说明历史上发生过连锁群间的重组;栽培群体的连锁不平衡成对位点数较野生群体多,但野生群体位点间连锁不平衡程度高,随距离的衰减慢。(2)群体SSR数据遗传结构分析发现,栽培群体和野生群体分别由9和4个亚群体组成,亚群的划分与群体地理生态类型相关联,证实地理生态类型划分有其遗传基础。(3)栽培群体中累计有27个位点与性状相关;野生大豆种质中累计有34个位点与性状相关。部分标记在两类群体中都表现与同一性状关联,检出的位点有一致性,也有互补性;一些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,可能是性状相关乃至一因多效的遗传基础;关联位点中累计有24位点(次)与遗传群体连锁分析定位的QTL一致。

中国栽培和野生大豆农艺及品质性状与SSR标记的关联分析--Ⅱ．优异等位变异的发掘

在前文研究已检出与农艺品质性状显著关联的SSR位点的基础上,本文进一步对与性状关联位点的等位变异作解析,通过将携带某等位变异的所有材料表型均值与携带无效等位基因(null allele)材料表型均值做比较,估计等位变异的潜在表型效应增量(减量),进一步利用该信息估计位点增效(减效)等位变异的平均效应,鉴别出一批农艺品质性状优异位点、等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料。发现在栽培及野生种质中检出的优异等位变异有同、有异、有互补性。发现关联位点正、负效应等位变异均值间有差异,可根据育种目标性状选择要求,选取适合的位点及相应等位变异。同一标记位点可与多性状关联,其等位变异在不同性状间各有其表型效应的方向和大小;等位变异在相关性状效应上方向、大小的异同解释了性状间正、负相关的遗传原因。关联作图得到的信息可以弥补家系连锁法QTL定位信息的不足,并直接利用等位变异信息进行亲本选拔、组合选配及后代等位条带辅助选择以提高育种成效。

中国野生大豆群体农艺加工性状与SSR关联分析和特异材料的遗传构成

选用204对SSR标记对全国野生大豆群体(174份代表性样本)的基因组扫描,采用TASSEL软件的GLM(general linear model)方法对百粒重、开花期、成熟期、干豆腐得率、干豆乳得率和耐淹性性状值关联分析,解析与性状关联位点的优异等位变异,鉴别出一批与农艺、加工性状关联的优异等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料;进一步分析极值表型材料的遗传构成。结果表明:(1)累计51个位点(次)与性状关联,有些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,可能是性状相关的遗传基础;关联位点中累计16位点(次)与连锁分析定位的QTL一致;(2)与地方品种群体和育成品种群体的关联位点比较,发现野生群体关联位点只有少数与之相同,群体间育种性状的遗传结构有明显差异。(3)与多性状关联的位点其等位变异对不同性状的效应方向可相同可不同,如GMES5532a-A332对百粒重和耐淹性的相对死苗率都是增效效应,而GMES5532a-A344对百粒重是减效效应,对相对死苗率是增效效应;(4)极值表型材料间的遗传构成有很大差异。表型值大的材料携带较多增效效应大的位点等位变异,例如N23349的百粒重是9.08g,含有4个增效效应较大的位点等位变异;表型值小的材料携带较多减效效应大的位点等位变异,如N23387的百粒重是0.75g,含有4个减效效应较大的位点等位变异。关联作图得到的信息可以弥补连锁定位信息的不足,尤其是全基因组位点上复等位变异的信息为育种提供了亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择的依据。

CO_2和O_3浓度倍增及复合效应对大豆生长和产量的影响

利用OTC 1型农田开顶式气室 ,模拟研究了大气中CO2 、O3 浓度倍增及其复合效应对大豆生长、根瘤和产量形成的影响 .结果表明 ,CO2 浓度倍增促进根系生长 ,固氮能力增强 ,植株高度和基部粗度增加 ,对发育期、绿叶数和绿叶面积影响不大 .O3 浓度倍增抑制大豆根系和茎的生长 ,固氮能力下降 ,叶片伤害使绿叶数和绿叶面积显著下降 ,衰老提前 .在CO2 和O3 的复合试验中 ,CO2 浓度增加明显缓解O3 浓度增加对大豆伤害和抑制作用 ,CO2 、O3 浓度持续倍增处理下大豆生长和固氮能力与CK的数量差异明显小于单一O3 浓度倍增与CK的数量差异 ,逐渐增加CO2 、O3 浓度的刺激作用和剂量效应使大豆生长后期伤害加重 ,绿叶数、绿叶面积显著下降 。

黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种的抽样调查与研究

【目的】探讨黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫(HeteroderaglycinesIchinohe)的种类及其分布。【方法】2001～2003年在黄淮大豆产区依据Riggs的鉴别模式对38个地点大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)生理小种作抽样调查,并结合文献资料,绘制出黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布图。【结果】大豆胞囊线虫主要分布在山东、河北、北京、山西大部分地区、河南东部与北部、安徽北部;在山西南部及河南西南部地区的抽样调查中未检测到大豆胞囊线虫。其中1号生理小种主要分布在山东济南以南及以东地区,河南北部与河北南部交界地区,河南漯河、周口及安徽阜阳地区。4号生理小种主要分布在河南、山东、安徽交界地区,山西、北京地区,以及山东黄河三角洲地区。2号生理小种主要分布在山东聊城、德州地区,河北石家庄地区,河南焦作、获嘉地区。7号生理小种主要分布在山东半岛和河南开封、滑县、温县等地。5号生理小种在河南和河北有零星分布。另外,在河南商丘地区新发现有9号生理小种。【结论】黄淮地区的优势小种是1号和4号生理小种,抗线虫育种应该以兼抗1号和4号生理小种为主要目标。各生理小种的分布没有明显分界,优势小种分布区域中存在其他生理小种。在过去的10年中,该地区生理小种的组成相对稳定,本研究结果可供大豆抗线虫育种参考。

多环境下野生大豆染色体片段代换系群体农艺性状相关QTL/片段的鉴定

【目的】改进染色体片段代换系群体,挖掘野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)中蕴藏的农艺性状优异等位变异,为拓宽栽培大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)的遗传基础提供材料和依据。【方法】通过标记加密和剔除部分单标记型片段的方法,改进以野生大豆N24852为供体,栽培大豆NN1138-2为受体的染色体片段代换系(CSSL)群体Soja CSSLP1;对改进后的群体(Soja CSSLP2)进行3年2点田间试验,通过单标记分析、区间作图、完备复合区间作图和基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图等4种定位方法,结合与轮回亲本有显著差异的染色体片段代换系间相互比对,检测与大豆开花期、株高、主茎节数、单株荚数、百粒重和单株粒重相关的野生片段。【结果】改进后的群体(Soja CSSLP2)由150个CSSL构成,其中,有130个家系与Soja CSSLP1相同;在原遗传图谱上,新增40个SSR标记,相邻标记间平均遗传距离由16.15 c M变为12.91 c M,大于20 c M的区段由32个减少至17个,标记覆盖遗传距离总长度较原图谱(2 063.04 c M)增加103.52 c M;群体NN1138-2背景回复率变幅为79.45%—99.70%,平均为94.62%。利用Soja CSSLP2群体,分别鉴定到与开花期、株高、主茎节数、单株荚数、百粒重和单株粒重相关的4、5、5、7、14和3个工作QTL(working QTL)/片段,其中有15个工作QTL/片段能在多个环境下检测到,属共性工作QTL(joint working QTL);除片段Sct_190—Sat_293上的主茎节数位点外,野生等位变异具有的加性效应方向与双亲表型差异方向一致;单个位点分别能解释5%—64%的表型变异;同时,分别检测到3、2和2个与地点存在互作的株高、主茎节数和单株荚数QTL/片段,其中与凤阳环境的互作均具有增加表型的效应,这可能与凤阳较南京所处纬度高有关;这些位点/片段分布在26个染色体片段上,其中有7个片段与2个及以上性状相关,可能是性状相关的遗传基础;与前人结果比较,有3个开花期、3个株高、2个主茎节数、2个单株荚数、8个百粒重、2个单株粒重位点能在其他遗传背景栽培大豆中检测到,说明在这些位点上野生大豆和栽培大豆间及栽培大豆间均存在遗传差异;另外18个位点(片段)为本研究利用野生大豆的新发现。【结论】大豆开花期、株高和主茎节数的遗传基础较百粒重简单,前者均存在效应较大位点/片段,后者多由小效应位点控制,遗传基础极为复杂;野生大豆中蕴藏着新的等位变异,能拓宽栽培大豆遗传基础。

干旱和复水对大豆(Glycine max)叶片光合及叶绿素荧光的影响

选用河南省大面积种植的大豆品种豫豆29作为实验材料,通过研究逐步干旱和旱后复水条件下大豆叶片光合、叶绿素荧光等指标随土壤水分的动态变化规律,以期为大豆的水分高效利用提供理论依据。研究发现,在土壤相对含水量高于46.5%时,虽然随着土壤相对含水量的下降,豫豆29仍可以保持它的叶片水分状态;豫豆29的叶片净光合速率在土壤水分中等条件下最大,在土壤相对含水量为64.3%时,它比对照组高出11.2%(P<0.01);在实验的第3d,处理组的土壤相对含水量降为46.5%,叶片水势与对照组相比降低了7.2%(P>0.05),净光合速率为对照组的89.6%(P<0.05),但气孔导度却迅速下降为对照组的44.7%(P<0.01),这说明与叶片的光合和水分状况相比,豫豆29的气孔对土壤水分的匮缺更加敏感。复水后,豫豆29叶片的水势、净光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素荧光等值都可以得到迅速的恢复,并在实验的最后接近对照组的水平,这表明豫豆29的叶片光合在水分胁迫解除后有迅速恢复的能力。

快速检测大豆籽粒中十二种异黄酮组分的HPLC方法

【目的】利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术快速检测大豆异黄酮组分,为大豆的异黄酮标记辅助育种提供重要依据。【方法】以大豆异黄酮12种组分为标准样品,利用HPLC技术结合吸收波峰鉴定的方法进行异黄酮组分的分析。【结果】不同异黄酮苷元组分黄豆苷元(daidzein)、大豆黄素(glycitein)和染料木素(genistein)分别具有不同的最大紫外光谱吸收波长,分别位于250、257和260nm左右。采用YMC-C18反相色谱柱,以含0.1%(v/v)乙酸13%～30%(v/v)的乙腈为流动相,在35℃柱温条件下,经梯度洗脱,结合紫外吸收检测,可以准确地定性和定量鉴定出12种不同异黄酮组分。【结论】该方法样品用量少,检测异黄酮含量准确、快速,适合大量样本分析。