Influence of HbA1c on short-term blood pressure variability in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy

The aim of this study was to understand the characteristics of blood pressure(BP)variability in subjects with diabetic nephropathy(DN),and identify the probable predictors affecting BP variability.Fifty-one chronic kidney disease(CKD)-hypertensive patients without diabetes(NDN group)and sixty type 2 diabetic patients with overt DN(DN group)were enrolled in this study.The values of short-term BP variability were obtained from 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring(ABPM).Variance analysis or nonparametric analysis revealed that 24-h systolic BP variability and nighttime systolic BP variability of the DN group were significantly higher than those of the NDN group[(12.23±3.66)vs.(10.74±3.83)mmHg,P<0.05;(11.23±4.82)vs.(9.48±3.69)mmHg,P<0.05].Then the patients of the DN group were divided into two groups according to glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)level:Group A(HbA1c<7%)and Group B(HbA1c≥7%),and the t-test showed that patients in Group B had larger 24-h diastolic,daytime diastolic,and nighttime systolic/diastolic BP variability compared with Group A.In the DN group,partial correlation analysis revealed that HbA1c exhibited a strong association with 24-h diastolic,daytime diastolic,nighttime systolic and diastolic BP variability(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.05,and P<0.001,respectively).Taken together,larger short-term BP variability was detected in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy and renal insufficiency.It may imply that the optimal BP variability level could benefit from a better glycaemic control.

Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Population of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia

This research protocol design is aimed at exploring the qualitative health research in self-management of Type 2 diabetes and patient’s perceptions and experiences of undertaking physical activity and eating behaviour as part of their diabetes self-management. In addition, the study would analyze how the health issue related to diabetes is viewed and addressed in the community (Pakistan and Saudi Arabia) and would use the concepts of socio-ecological approach to self-management of Type 2 diabetes and explore the factors affecting the self-management practices in these countries. The other objective of this protocol is to examine the role of physical inactivity and obesity in the development of Type 2 diabetes and its self-management in middle-aged population living in rural area of Pakistan and to evaluate a lifestyle intervention (Physical Activity and Diet) in the management of Type 2 diabetes. The brief review conducted in this protocol design will identify the potential areas of health care which need attention including the overall functioning of community healthcare clinics to diabetes care in terms of recognizing the symptoms of diabetes to early detection and diagnosis, easy access to community doctors. This review will impress upon the need to recognize that in developing strategies and interventions to address diabetes, self-care, family support, community education and community ownership are important and it will be demonstrated by the comparison of two culturally diversified populations of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in relation to the self-management of Type 2 diabetes.

2型糖尿病患者血清甲状腺激素检测的临床意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清甲状腺激素的变化情况及其与糖化血红蛋白、C肽的相关性。方法将84例2型糖尿病患者按空腹血糖值(FBG)分为3组:A组轻度增高组(6.10 mmol/L≤FBG<8.0 mmol/L)、B组中度增高组(8.0 mmol/L≤FBG<12.0 mmol/L)、C组重度增高组(FBG≥12.0 mmol/L),测定3组2型糖尿病患者和36名健康对照组血清甲状腺激素(FT3、T3、FT4、T4、TSH)、C肽、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平,观察2型糖尿病患者各分组中甲状腺激素水平变化特点,并分析其与HbA1c、C肽相关性。结果 2型糖尿病患者血清游离甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺原氨酸(FT3、T3)水平明显低于对照组(F值分别为51.101、31.193,P<0.01),而其他甲状腺激素(FT4、T4、TSH)水平与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组2型糖尿病患者分组比较,C组FT3、T3水平较A组显著降低(P<0.01),其他甲状腺激素与另两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。FT3与HbA1c呈负相关(r=-0.422,P<0.01),与C肽呈正相关(r=0.378,P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者随空腹血糖升高,血清FT3、T3水平呈下降趋势,测定甲状腺激素可反映患者糖代谢紊乱的程度。

即时糖化血红蛋白检验的临床应用

目的评价糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)即时检验(POCT)法和高效液相色谱(HPLC)法的一致性,探讨POCT法测定HbA1c临床应用的可能性。方法随机选取42例门诊糖尿病患者进行HbA1c的HPLC法和POCT法测定,评价2种方法的一致性和HbA1c POCT法临床应用的可行性。结果对2种测定方法进行配对t检验:不分组、HbA1c≤8.0%组、HbA1c>8.0%组,P值分别为0.226、0.899、0.080,两者之间差异无统计学意义;相关分析显示2种方法相关性良好(P<0.05);Bland-Altman一致性分析显示不分组、HbA1c≤8.0%组、HbA1c>8.0%组分别有97.62%、95.45%、95.00%的点位于界限以内。结论 HPLC法与POCT法检测HbA1c结果一致性好;POCT法能满足临床应用的需求,可以作为门诊快速检测HbA1c的较好方法。