红细胞同工酶EsD-PGM_1-GLOI同步电泳分型方法的建立

综合、改良了分别分型的方法,建立了红细胞同工酶EsD-PGM_1-GLOI同步电泳分型方法,为EsD、PGM_1和GLOI三种红细胞同工酶在法医学鉴定中更广泛的应用提供了一种可靠、经济、实用的方法。

血痕GLOI、EsD、EAP、PGM_1、Gc的测定及可测期限的研究

近数十年来，经法生物学家的努力，血痕中可测定的血型日益增多。不少学者研究了血痕中各种红细胞酶及血清蛋白的可测期限，但对同一批血痕同时进行多种酶及血清蛋白可测期限的研究，尚未见有报道。为了了解GLOI、EsD、EAP、PGM1及Gc在各种环境下的可测期限，本研究采用同一批血痕在同一时期内进行了实验观察，现报告如下。

阴道液与血液中PGM_1亚型、EsD、GLOI表型相关性的研究

本文用等电聚焦电泳法和琼脂糖淀粉混合凝胶电泳法,对阴道液、血液中的PGM_1亚型、EsD、GLOI表型进行了检测。在部分妇女的阴道液中未检出其本人血液中的这些酶型,测出的比例最高的是PGM_1亚型,EsD次之,GLOI最低。凡能显示清晰酶谱带的均与同一妇女血液中的表现型相同,未见不一致的现象。同时初步探讨了月经周期和性刺激对阴道液中PGM_1酶活性的影响。

太原人群红细胞GLOI表型的分布调查及血痕GLOI的检测

1975年Kómpf等首次发现人红细胞乙二醛酶Ⅰ具有多态性，用淀粉凝胶电泳可将其分为GLOI1-1，GLOI2-1，GLOI2-2三种表现型。由第6号染色体短臂2区1带2亚带(6P212)上的一对共显性等位基因GLOI^1、GLOI^2控制。对法医学亲权鉴定及个人识别有一定意义。

内蒙古三个少数民族群体血痕GLOI遗传多态性的研究

我们对内蒙古呼盟鄂伦春族、布里亚特人、东部蒙古人血痕ＧＬＯＩ遗传多态性进行了研究。其中１４９例鄂伦春族，血样采自内蒙古呼盟鄂伦春族自治族；２０７例布里亚特人，血样采自鄂温克族自治旗；１８９名东部蒙族（陈巴尔虎、厄鲁特、巴尔虎等部族后代），血样采自海拉...

中国鄂温克、达斡尔族人血痕GLOI的遗传多态性

中国鄂温克、达斡尔族人血痕ＧＬＯＩ的遗传多态性刘牧，沈淑萍，郭建国，郭力，谢立平（包头医学院病理教研室，包头０１４０１０）１９０例鄂温克族人血样和１７９例达斡尔族人血样采自内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟鄂温克自治旗。全部献血对象为无血缘关系的健康人，三代内无与其他...

中国北方7个群体血痕GLOI遗传多态性现象的研究

应用琼脂糖水解淀粉凝胶平板电泳法，对中国内蒙古呼盟鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔、布里亚特、（东北）蒙古人及包头市（西北部）蒙古族、汉族人血GLOI遗传多态性进行了调查，抽样检测7个群体GLOI表型分布频率，计算出基因频率和识别能力。并将本组7个群体表型频率、基因频率与国内外不同民族、不同地区的表型频率和基因频率进行了比较，阐述了上述7个群体GLOI遗传多态性特征。根据表型频率计算出识别能力（DP值），并评价了GLOI在亲子鉴定和个体识别中的应用价值。

应用淀粉/琼脂糖混合凝胶电泳同步检测红细胞EsD和GLOI表型

1973年 Hopkinson 等采用淀粉凝胶电泳发现 EsD(Esterase,酯酶 D)有三种表型即1—1;2—1;2—2型。1975年 K(?)mpf 等也发现了 GLOI(Glyoxala-se Ⅰ,乙二醛酶Ⅰ)同样具有1—1;2—1;2—2三种表型。由于它们都具有遗传多态性,作为遗传标记,受到人类学家、

云南省壮族人群红细胞EsD，PGM_1和GLOI表型分布的调查

采用ＥｓＤ－ＰＧＭ_１－ＧＬＯＩ同步电泳分型法，对云南省壮族人群的ＥｓＤ，ＰＧＭ_１和ＧＬＯＩ进行分型调查．结果：ＥｓＤ_１、ＰＧＭ_１１及ＧＬＯ_１的频率分别为０．６２７７，０．７４０９和０．１１３１．本次检测未发现变异型．文中对不同种族、不同民族及生活在不同地区的壮族人群进行了比较。

云南省布依族人群EsD，PGM_1，GLOI，EAP，ADA和AK_1的分布调

采用ＥｓＤ一ｐＧＭ１一ＧＬｏＩ同步电泳分型法以及ＥＡｐ一ＡＤＡ一ＡＫ１同步电泳分型法对云南省罗平县布依族人红细胞ＥｓＤ，ＰＧＭ１，ＧＬｏＩ，ＥＡＰ，ＡＤＡ和ＡＫ１作了分型调查，计算出这６种红细胞同功酶的基因频率分别是：ＥｓＤ１．０．６３ｌ４，ＰＧＭ１１０．６９０７（ＰＧＭ６１０．０２５４），ＧＬＯ１０．１６９５，ＥＡｐＡ０．２９６６，ＡＤＡ１０．９５３４，ＡＫ１１．００００；根据这６种同功酶的表型频率计算出ＤＰ值分别为ＥｓＤ０．６０５９，ＰＧＭ１０．６ｌ０６，ＧＬＯ０．４４４２，ＥＡｐＡ０．５７３３，ＡＤＡ０．１６５８，ＡＫ１０，累积Ｄｐ值０．９６９６；累积父权排除率为５３．４６％。

20S proteasome and glyoxalase 1 activities decrease in erythrocytes derived from Alzheimer’s disease patients

As a result of accumulating methylglyoxal and advanced glycation end products in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease,it is considered a protein precipitation disease.The ubiquitin proteasome system is one of the most important mechanisms for cells to degrade proteins,and thus is very important for maintaining normal physiological function of the nervous system.This study recruited 48 individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(20 males and 28 females aged 75±6 years)and 50 healthy volunteers(21 males and 29 females aged 72±7 years)from the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities(Baise,China)between 2014 and 2017.Plasma levels of malondialdehyde and H2O2 were measured by colorimetry,while glyoxalase 1 activity was detected by spectrophotometry.In addition,20S proteasome activity in erythrocytes was measured with a fluorescent substrate method.Ubiquitin and glyoxalase 1 protein expression in erythrocyte membranes was detected by western blot assay.The results demonstrated that compared with the control group,patients with Alzheimer’s disease exhibited increased plasma malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels,and decreased glyoxalase 1 activity;however,expression level of glyoxalase 1 protein remained unchanged.Moreover,activity of the 20S proteasome was decreased and expression of ubiquitin protein was increased in erythrocytes.These findings indicate that proteasomal and glyoxalase activities may be involved in the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease,and erythrocytes may be a suitable tissue for Alzheimer’s disease studies.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities(approval No.YJ12017013)on May 3,2017.

微量血液及血痕的GPT、PGM_1 GLOI和EsD四种酶型的同时检出

近年来，国内对EsD、PGM1、GLOI等酶型的检测已较普遍，GPT也已开始应用。Wraxall黄力力等报导了用琼脂糖和淀粉混台凝胶电泳对EsD，GLOI和PGM，进行同步检测的方法。本文设计了一种将四种酶型同时检出的方法，现介绍如下：

Hesperetin induces glyoxalase 1 enhancement in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with high glucose via Nrf2/ARE activation

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effects of hesperetin on central neurons under chronic high glucose,and the relationship to glyoxalase 1(Glo-1),a cytoprotective enzyme.METHODS The human neuroblas⁃toma SH-SY5Y cells were divided into 5 groups:normal glucose,high glucose(HG),HG plus low,middle,or high concentra⁃tion of hesperetin(1,5,25μmol·L^-1).After treatment for 72 h,neuron damages,Glo-1 expressions and functions,as well as Nrf2/ARE pathway and its regulating mechanisms were examined.RESULTS Hesperetin increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release,which was accompanied by the elevated activity,protein,and mRNA levels of Glo-1 as well as the enhanced Glo-1 functions in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with HG.Moreover,hesperetin activated Nrf2/ARE pathway as evidenced by the raised Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 levels in nucleus and up-regulation of γ-glutamycysteine synthase(γ-GCS),a well-known target gene of Nrf2/ARE pathway.Nevertheless,pretreatment with a PKC inhibitor(Go 6983)or an Akt inhibitor(MK-22062HCl,reflecting GSK-3β activation)abolished the effect of hesperetin on protein expressions of Glo-1 and γ-GCS.CONCLUSION Hesperetin exerted the neuroprotection by promoting Glo-1 function in central neurons in long-term HG condition,which was mediated by activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway;moreover,the increased Nrf2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation mediated by PKC activation and/or GSK-3β inhibition were involved in the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway by hesperetin.

利用微型水平板式电泳装置同步检测EsD、GLOI同功酶

本文采用微型水平板式电泳装置,琼脂糖、可溶性淀粉为支持介质,同时测定EsD、GLOI两种酶型。本方法改善了电泳条件,加快了检验速度,具有简便、准确、可靠等特点,适用于基层检案。

微量血痕种属、ABO、EsD、GLOI型别的综合检验

本文根据ABH血型物质属糖脂类而不具有二性游离的性质和Hb、EsD、GLOI具有不同的等电点的原理,运用电泳法和热解离法,取1根3毫米长血纱线,同时进行种属、ABO、EsD、GLOI型别的鉴定。本法通过改善电泳条件,改进热解离法中血清的吸附方式,加快了检验速度,效果良好。

中国北方汉族人乙二醛酶I基因Ala111Glu多态性与糖尿病并发冠心病的关系研究

目的探讨中国北方地区汉族人乙二醛酶I（GLO—I）基因AlalllGlu多态性与糖尿病并发冠心病的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）技术，检测了161名对照组、99例糖尿病组和71例糖尿病并发冠心病组GLO-I基因AlalllGlu多态性的基因型和等位基因频率分布。分析基因多态性对糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、血糖、血脂水平的影响。结果3组研究对象的GLO—I基因AlalllGlu多态性基因型和等位基因频率分布差异无显著意义，不同基因型亚组间HbAlC、血糖、血脂水平无明显差别。Logistic回归分析显示，年龄、HbAlc是糖尿病并发冠心病的危险因素，HDL—C则是糖尿病并发冠心痛的保护因素（β=-2．708，Exp（β）=0．067，95％CI=0．009～0．488，P=0．008）。结论GLO-I基因AlalllGlu多态性与糖尿病并发冠心病无明显关联性，不是中国北方汉族人糖尿病并发冠心病发病的独立危险因素。

Low red blood cell levels of deglycating enzymes in colorectal cancer patients

AIM: To investigate Glyoxalase Ⅰ and fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) activity in red blood cells from patients with colorectal adenomas and cancer. METHODS: Thirty three consecutive subjects with one or more histologically confirmed colorectal adenomatous polyps, 16 colorectal cancer patients and a group of 11 control subjects with normal colonoscopy were included in the study. Glyoxalase Ⅰ and FN3K activities were measured in red blood cells using a spectrophotometric and radiometric assay, respectively. RESULTS: A significant reduction in both Glyoxalase Ⅰ and FN3K activity was detected in patients with tumors compared to patients with adenomas and the controls. Erythrocyte Glyoxalase Ⅰ activity in colorectal cancer was approximately 6 times lower than that detected in patients with adenoma (0.022 ± 0.01 mmol/min per milliliter vs 0.128 ± 0.19 mmol/min per milliliter of red blood cells, P = 0.003, Tukey's test). FN3K activity in red blood cells from patients with colon cancer was approximately 2 times lower than that detected in adenoma patients (19.55 ± 6.4 pmol/min per milliliter vs 38.6 ± 31.7 pmol/min per milliliter of red blood cells, P = 0.04, Tukey's test). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that deglycating enzymes may be involved in the malignant transformation of colon mucosa.

血清乙二醛酶I在2型糖尿病眼肌麻痹中的意义及与晚期蛋白氧化产物及氧化应激的相关性

目的:探讨血清乙二醛酶I在2型糖尿病眼肌麻痹(DOMP)中的意义及其与晚期蛋白氧化产物(AOPP)及氧化应激的相关性。方法:分析58例DOMP、50例单纯T2DM及30例正常受试者的临床资料,测定受试者血脂、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素、乙二醛酶I、AOPP及氧化应激指标包括丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化力(T-AOC),采用稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数。结果:高密度脂蛋白、SOD、T-AOC与乙二醛酶I呈正相关而与AOPP呈负相关,甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数、MDA与乙二醛酶I呈负相关而与AOPP呈正相关。AOPP与乙二醛酶I高度负相关(r=-0.823,P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析提示课题分组是乙二醛酶、AOPP的重要影响因素,即按DOMP、单纯T2DM及正常受试者的分组顺序乙二醛酶逐级升高(Sβ=0.554)而AOPP逐级下降(Sβ=-0.469)。结论 :DOMP血清乙二醛酶I显著降低,并与AOPP及氧化应激密切相关,提示乙二醛酶I可能在抑制DOMP发生发展中有重要作用。

Neuroprotection of quercetin on central neurons against chronic high glucose through enhancement of Nrf2/Glo-1 mediated by phosphorylation regulation

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effects of quercetin on central neurons against chronic high glucose in central neurons,in relation to Nrf2/ARE/Glo-1 activation.METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were cultured with high glucose(HG,70 mmol·L^(-1)),4-fold of the normal glucose(17.5 mmol·L^(-1)).Quercetin was set three concentrations(5,10,20μmol·L^(-1)),with Nrf2 activator sulforaphane(SFN)as a positive group(2.5μmol·L^(-1)).After 72 h,cells were collected for glyoxalase 1(Glo-1)activity and GSH level were by spectrophotometry;advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)as well as nuclear Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 levels by immunofluorescence;Glo-1,γ-glutamycysteine synthase(γ-GCS),Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 protein levels by Western blotting,and Glo-1 andγ-GCS m RNA levels by real-time qP CR.RESULTS Quercetin increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells,and upregulated the levels of Glo-1 activity,protein,and m RNA in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with HG,accompanied by the elevated levels of glutathione,a cofactor of Glo-1 activity,and the reduced levels of AGEs.Meanwhile,quercetin could increase p-Nrf2 and Nrf2 levels in nucleus as well as p-Nrf2 levels in cytosol of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to chronic HG,accompanied by the elevated protein expression and m RNA levels ofγ-GCS,a known target gene of Nrf2/ARE signaling.Moreover,a PKC activator or a p38MAPK inhibitor pretreatment could significantly increase the protein expression ofγ-GCS in HG condition,but an alkylating agent for sulfydryl of cysteine in Keap 1,a negative regulator of Nrf2,pretreatment only showed an increased tendency ofγ-GCS protein,compared with without pretreatment;however,after pretreatment with those tool drugs,co-treatment with quercetin and HG had similar results to those of single tool drug pretreatment followed by HG exposure.CONCLUSION Firstly,quercetin can enhance Glo-1 function in central neurons,which is mediated by activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway,then exerts the neuroprotection against HG induced damage;moreover,PKC and p38 MAPK pathways may be involved in Nrf2 inactivation in chronic HG condition.

Oxidative Stress Tolerance Mechanism in Rice under Salinity

The research was conducted to investigate comparative oxidative damage including probable protective roles of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in rice(Oryza sativa L.)seedlings under salinity stress.Seedlings of two rice genotypes:Pokkali(tolerant)and BRRI dhan28(sensitive)were subjected to 8 dSm^(−1) salinity stress for seven days in a hydroponic system.We observed significant variation between Pokkali and BRRI dhan28 in phenotypic,biochemical and mole-cular level under salinity stress.Carotenoid content,ion homeostasis,antioxidant enzymes,ascorbate and glutathione redox system and proline accumulation may help Pokkali to develop defense system during salinity stress.However,the activity antioxidant enzymes particularly superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and non-chloroplastic peroxidase(POD)were observed significantly higher in Pokkali compared to salt-sensitive BRRI dhan28.Higher glyoxalase(Gly-I)and glyoxalase(Gly-II)activity might have also accompanied Pokkali genotype to reduce potential cytotoxic MG through non-toxic hydroxy acids conversion.However,the efficient antioxidants and glyoxalase system together increased adaptability in Pokkali during salinity stress.