公众垃圾分类态度对于其分类行为具有重要影响,内隐态度的测量虽在一定程度上弥补了传统外显态度测量的不足,但目前仍缺乏对测量范式合适性的进一步探究。本研究采用实验法操纵对比词类型和信号刺激类型,探究GNAT范式(Go/No Go Associat...公众垃圾分类态度对于其分类行为具有重要影响,内隐态度的测量虽在一定程度上弥补了传统外显态度测量的不足,但目前仍缺乏对测量范式合适性的进一步探究。本研究采用实验法操纵对比词类型和信号刺激类型,探究GNAT范式(Go/No Go Association Task,GNAT)测得的内隐垃圾分类态度是否受对比词的影响以及影响如何,在此基础上探索适应于垃圾分类内隐态度测量范式。结果发现,GNAT范式的测量结果会受对比词的影响,与对比词为正向词相比,负向词条件下的内隐垃圾分类态度的效应值更高,表明该范式测得的效应值大小依赖于对比词的类型。采用正向对比词的测量结果可使效应值更具说服力,同时,从研究结果的可比较性角度考虑,GNAT范式中采用中性,将更有利于效应值大小的比较。展开更多
A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only...A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous.Discovery of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper Cretaceous.The new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant Sciaroidea.Although not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female specimens.Possible reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.展开更多
采用Go/No-go联想任务测验(Go/No-go Association Task,GNAT)对268名大学生进行内隐自杀意念的测量,探讨其用于自杀意念测量的特点和效果.研究发现:GNAT内隐测量有良好的信效度;大学生内隐自杀意念发生率为38.8%(104/268);GNAT测量中存...采用Go/No-go联想任务测验(Go/No-go Association Task,GNAT)对268名大学生进行内隐自杀意念的测量,探讨其用于自杀意念测量的特点和效果.研究发现:GNAT内隐测量有良好的信效度;大学生内隐自杀意念发生率为38.8%(104/268);GNAT测量中存在顺序效应;被试将"自我词+积极词"与"自我词+消极词"联结的时间差异不显著,而敏感性差异显著;被试将"他人词+积极词"与"他人词+消极词"联结的时间差异和敏感性差异均显著;内隐自我反应时指标、内隐自我敏感性指标以及内隐他人敏感性指标在性别、民族、是否担任学生干部、是否独生子、生源地以及家庭结构上的差异不显著;内隐他人反应时指标在这些人口学变量中差异显著.因此,GNAT可用于大学生内隐自杀意念的测量.展开更多
This study was conducted to determine the attractiveness of two growing media, commonly utilized in greenhouses, to fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila adults. The constituents of the most attractive growing medi...This study was conducted to determine the attractiveness of two growing media, commonly utilized in greenhouses, to fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila adults. The constituents of the most attractive growing medium tested were determined by gas chromatography analysis using a steam-distillation procedure. We found that fungus gnat adults were more attracted to the growing medium, SB300 Universal Professional Growing Mix, which contains composted bark, than to another growing medium （Sunshine LC1 Mix） and their components when tested in a series of laboratory experiments using multiple-choice experimental arenas. A higher percentage of fungus gnat adults were attracted to moist SB300 （92%） than SB300 growing medium that had been oven dried （8%）. In addition, fungus gnat adults preferred SB300 although they had been reared on Sunshine LC1 Mix. When comparing the SB300 fresh from the bag to growing medium that had been pasteurized and moistened with water, gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic data showed there were declines in several terpenoid constituents as well as an increase in fatty acids and cyclosulfur. The results of this study indicate that B. sp. nr. coprophila adults prefer certain growing media, which may assist greenhouse producers in managing fungus gnats in crop production systems.展开更多
研究探讨内隐联想测验(Implicit Association Test,IAT)和Go/No-go联想任务测验(Go/No-go AssociationTask,GNAT)测量大学生感恩的可行性,并分析内隐感恩与外显感恩的关系。预备性研究从现代汉语字典中挑选自我词/他人词各16个,从汉语...研究探讨内隐联想测验(Implicit Association Test,IAT)和Go/No-go联想任务测验(Go/No-go AssociationTask,GNAT)测量大学生感恩的可行性,并分析内隐感恩与外显感恩的关系。预备性研究从现代汉语字典中挑选自我词/他人词各16个,从汉语成语大辞典中挑选出与感恩相关的积极词/消极词各20个,根据65位大学生的评定结果筛选出自我词/他人词各8个,积极词/消极词各8个,用于正式研究。正式研究采用IAT、GNAT感恩测量程序和青少年感恩量表(Adolescent Gratitude Scale,AGS),对155名大学生同时进行IAT、GNAT及外显感恩的测量。结果发现:(1)大学生普遍具有积极的内隐感恩,内隐感恩不存在性别、生源地和独生与否等人口统计学指标上的显著差异;(2)大学生的内隐感恩与外显感恩相关不显著,是两个不同的建构;(3)采用IAT和GNAT研究感恩是可行的。展开更多
文摘公众垃圾分类态度对于其分类行为具有重要影响,内隐态度的测量虽在一定程度上弥补了传统外显态度测量的不足,但目前仍缺乏对测量范式合适性的进一步探究。本研究采用实验法操纵对比词类型和信号刺激类型,探究GNAT范式(Go/No Go Association Task,GNAT)测得的内隐垃圾分类态度是否受对比词的影响以及影响如何,在此基础上探索适应于垃圾分类内隐态度测量范式。结果发现,GNAT范式的测量结果会受对比词的影响,与对比词为正向词相比,负向词条件下的内隐垃圾分类态度的效应值更高,表明该范式测得的效应值大小依赖于对比词的类型。采用正向对比词的测量结果可使效应值更具说服力,同时,从研究结果的可比较性角度考虑,GNAT范式中采用中性,将更有利于效应值大小的比较。
基金funded by the Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.2015HA021 and 202401CF070913)the National Science Centre of Poland(Grant No.UMO-2016/23/B/NZ8/00936)supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation。
文摘A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni gen.et sp.nov.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.Previously,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous.Discovery of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper Cretaceous.The new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant Sciaroidea.Although not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female specimens.Possible reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.
文摘采用Go/No-go联想任务测验(Go/No-go Association Task,GNAT)对268名大学生进行内隐自杀意念的测量,探讨其用于自杀意念测量的特点和效果.研究发现:GNAT内隐测量有良好的信效度;大学生内隐自杀意念发生率为38.8%(104/268);GNAT测量中存在顺序效应;被试将"自我词+积极词"与"自我词+消极词"联结的时间差异不显著,而敏感性差异显著;被试将"他人词+积极词"与"他人词+消极词"联结的时间差异和敏感性差异均显著;内隐自我反应时指标、内隐自我敏感性指标以及内隐他人敏感性指标在性别、民族、是否担任学生干部、是否独生子、生源地以及家庭结构上的差异不显著;内隐他人反应时指标在这些人口学变量中差异显著.因此,GNAT可用于大学生内隐自杀意念的测量.
文摘This study was conducted to determine the attractiveness of two growing media, commonly utilized in greenhouses, to fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila adults. The constituents of the most attractive growing medium tested were determined by gas chromatography analysis using a steam-distillation procedure. We found that fungus gnat adults were more attracted to the growing medium, SB300 Universal Professional Growing Mix, which contains composted bark, than to another growing medium （Sunshine LC1 Mix） and their components when tested in a series of laboratory experiments using multiple-choice experimental arenas. A higher percentage of fungus gnat adults were attracted to moist SB300 （92%） than SB300 growing medium that had been oven dried （8%）. In addition, fungus gnat adults preferred SB300 although they had been reared on Sunshine LC1 Mix. When comparing the SB300 fresh from the bag to growing medium that had been pasteurized and moistened with water, gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic data showed there were declines in several terpenoid constituents as well as an increase in fatty acids and cyclosulfur. The results of this study indicate that B. sp. nr. coprophila adults prefer certain growing media, which may assist greenhouse producers in managing fungus gnats in crop production systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901061,32100356)the High-level Talents Funds of Qingdao Agricultural University,China(663-1119008,663-1118015).
