基于Go/No-Go范式的多任务操作实验评估军校学员的反应抑制能力

目的探索军校学员在多任务操作情境中的反应抑制能力特点。方法选择127名军校学员作为被试,采用Go/No-Go范式进行测试,通过重复测量方差分析和分布检验等方法探索模拟驾驶任务的干扰对被试Go/No-Go测试表现的影响。结果对127名被试的测试结果显示,在击中率和虚报率上存在干扰任务和Go试次比例的交互作用,即在没有干扰任务时60%试次比例与40%试次比例条件下被试的击中率和虚报率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),而在有干扰任务时60%试次比例条件下被试的击中率和虚报率大于40%试次比例条件(均P<0.01)。在击中率、虚报率和辨别力指标d’上干扰任务的主效应显著(均P<0.01),即干扰任务降低了被试的击中率和辨别力、增大了虚报率。不同被试在有无干扰任务时辨别力的变化不同,根据无干扰任务与有干扰任务时辨别力指标d’的差值的平均数加减1个标准差,可将被试分为易受干扰组23人(18.11%)、不易受干扰组20人(15.75%)和中间组84人(66.14%)。结论干扰任务增加了军校学员在多任务操作时的心理负荷,降低了其反应抑制能力,且军校学员的反应抑制能力存在个体差异。

The Research on Cross-Cultural Critical Thinking in English Teaching: A Pedagogical Paradigm Within the Ideological and Political Course Framework

The conflation of linguistic competencies with ideological and political educational paradigms presents unique opportunities and challenges for English language teaching(ELT)in our increasingly interconnected world.This research seeks to address the role of cross-cultural critical thinking within the landscape of English pedagogy,framed by the imperatives of ideological and political education.Employing a multi-method approach,including thematic content analysis and action research,the study proposes a pedagogical model designed to integrate transcultural discourse and ideologically reflective practices into the conventional ELT curriculum.This paper argues for a reimagined approach to teaching English that encourages students to engage with diverse cultural perspectives and develop a nuanced understanding of global issues.

From Control to Empowerment:A Paradigm Shift in the Discourse of Educational Supervision

As educational reforms intensify and societal emphasis shifts towards empowerment,the traditional discourse paradigm of management and control in educational supervision faces growing challenges.This paper explores the transformation of this discourse paradigm through the lens of empowerment,analyzing its distinct characteristics,potential pathways,and effective strategies.This paper begins by reviewing the concept of empowerment and examining the current research landscape surrounding the discourse paradigm in educational supervision.Subsequently,we conduct a comparative analysis of the“control”and“empowerment”paradigms,highlighting their essential differences.This analysis illuminates the key characteristics of an empowerment-oriented approach to educational supervision,particularly its emphasis on dialogue,collaboration,participation,and,crucially,empowerment itself.Ultimately,this research advocates for a shift in educational supervision towards an empowerment-oriented discourse system.This entails a multi-pronged approach:transforming ingrained beliefs,embracing renewed pedagogical concepts,fostering methodological innovation,and optimizing existing mechanisms and strategies within educational supervision.These changes are proposed to facilitate the more effective alignment of educational supervision with the pursuit of high-quality education.

Innovative Scientific Discoveries:The Role of Intelligent Computing in the Fifth Paradigm Shift

This article explores the key role of intelligent computing in driving the paradigm shift of scientific discovery.The article first outlines the five paradigms of scientific discovery,from empirical observation to theoretical models,then to computational simulation and data intensive science,and finally introduces intelligent computing as the core of the fifth paradigm.Intelligent computing enhances the ability to understand,predict,and automate scientific discoveries of complex systems through technologies such as deep learning and machine learning.The article further analyzes the applications of intelligent computing in fields such as bioinformatics,astronomy,climate science,materials science,and medical image analysis,demonstrating its practical utility in solving scientific problems and promoting knowledge development.Finally,the article predicts that intelligent computing will play a more critical role in future scientific research,promoting interdisciplinary integration,open science,and collaboration,providing new solutions for solving complex problems.

An In-depth Interpretation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights With the Common Values of Humanity As the Research Paradigm

Interpreting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from political,juridical and philosophical perspectives is es-sential for promoting the guiding principles of the Declaration,build-ing consensus on human rights,and advancing human rights practice in the new historical context.To conduct an academic,systematic in-terpretation of the Declaration that conforms to the trends of the times and answers the fundamental questions of the world,it is necessary to find a new research paradigm.The common values of humanity,namely peace,development,equity,justice,democracy and freedom,put forward by Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,provide the most explanatory and penetrating scientific paradigm for reaching the issue.This paper an-alyzes and reflects on the views,value foundation and principled(con-tractual)consensus of human rights in the Declaration,and narrates and foresees the far-reaching significance of the three global initia-tives(namely,the Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,and the Global Civilization Initiative)with the common val-ues of humanity as the soul in advancing the modernization of global human rights governance and building a new form of human rights civilization.

DAO to HANOI via DeSci: AI Paradigm Shifts from AlphaGo to ChatGPT

From AlphaGo to ChatGPT,the field of AI has launched a series of remarkable achievements in recent years.Analyzing,comparing,and summarizing these achievements at the paradigm level is important for future AI innovation,but has not received sufficient attention.In this paper,we give an overview and perspective on machine learning paradigms.First,we propose a paradigm taxonomy with three levels and seven dimensions from a knowledge perspective.Accordingly,we give an overview on three basic and twelve extended learning paradigms,such as Ensemble Learning,Transfer Learning,etc.,with figures in unified style.We further analyze three advanced paradigms,i.e.,AlphaGo,AlphaFold and ChatGPT.Second,to enable more efficient and effective scientific discovery,we propose to build a new ecosystem that drives AI paradigm shifts through the decentralized science(DeSci)movement based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO).To this end,we design the Hanoi framework,which integrates human factors,parallel intelligence based on a combination of artificial systems and the natural world,and the DAO to inspire AI innovations.

William Morris Davis: Father of Geomorphology or Father of Geology’s Unrecognized Paradigm Problem

An often unrecognized problem is the geology and glacial history paradigm’s inability to explain topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence, which means geology research studies rarely address that type of topographic map evidence. The problem originated in the late 19th century with William Morris Davis who is sometimes called the father of geomorphology and was one of the first geologists to interpret what in the late 19th century were newly available topographic maps. An 1889 Davis paper describes selected drainage system evidence observed on an advance copy of the 1890 Doylestown (Pennsylvania) topographic map and an 1892 Ward paper written after discussions with Davis describes additional selected drainage system evidence seen on the same map. Both papers fail to mention the majority of the Doylestown map’s drainage system features including most barbed tributaries, asymmetric drainage divides, and through (dry) valleys crossing major drainage divides. Had Davis used all of the map’s drainage system and erosional landform evidence he should have recognized the map evidence shows headward erosion of an east-oriented Neshaminy Creek valley captured southwest-oriented streams which headward erosion of the south-oriented Delaware River valley and its east-oriented tributary Tohickon Creek valley had beheaded. Consciously or unconsciously, Davis chose not to alert future investigators that Doylestown topographic map evidence did not support his yet-to-be-published Pennsylvania and New Jersey erosion history interpretations and instead Davis proceeded to develop and promote erosion history interpretations which the map evidence did not support.

法治现代化的“共同特征”和“中国特色”

“中国式法治现代化”这一概念提出的理论和实践依据在于:中国式法治现代化是中国式现代化的内在组成部分;法治现代化是现代化的核心要素和重要标志;中国式法治现代化是对中国式法治现代化实践的理论表达和学理表征。世界各国法治现代化的“共同特征”包括宪法至上、尊重和保障人权、监督和制约公权、维护公平正义、构建社会秩序、促进人类和平、立足本国国情、法治文明互鉴。中国式法治现代化的特色在于坚持中国共产党领导、以人民为中心、全面依法治国、大国法治、赓续中华法治文明、面向全球化。共同特征和中国特色的完美结合构成了法治现代化的中国范式。

Locomotion Paradigms of Topological Space in Shakespeare’s Double Falsehood

In the 16th and 17th century,Britain was constantly strained by sporadic plagues,famines,fires and political conflicts.As a response in literature,Shakespeare has constructed an annular locomotion paradigm in Fletcher and his collaboration work Cardenio.Be more specific,the locomotion routes can be exemplified in Möbius strip,a rhizome system,a reciprocating juxtaposition between the foreground and the background,either of which finally runs to an annular schema.The annular in narration corresponds with The Globe theater and the round world.Shakespeare may express his expectation and prospect for the uprising bourgeoise and the newly found world by the resurrection theme in literature.

基于供需理论的生成式人工智能赋能情报工作范式模型构建与应用研究

[目的/意义]当前生成式人工智能的发展对社会产生了强烈冲击。为响应国家创新发展的迫切需求,如何利用生成式人工智能更好地完成情报工作,以满足用户的情报需求,已成为当前情报学领域关注的热点问题。[方法/过程]基于供需理论提出从数据供给侧(Supply)、智慧情报分析中台(Analysis)、情报需求侧(Demand)三方构建生成式人工智能赋能情报工作范式模型——SAD范式模型,深入分析生成式人工智能赋能情报工作机理,并结合国际前沿项目案例探讨生成式人工智能与情报工作的前瞻性融合发展。[结果/结论]生成式人工智能赋能情报工作范式模型SAD,可以更好地促进生成式人工智能赋能情报工作的各个环节,提高情报工作效率,为情报工作范式研究提供了新思路。

“双碳”目标下的经济社会系统性变革:特征、要求与路径

实现碳达峰碳中和是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会系统性变革,强调单一目标或有限目标调控的研究范式,对碳中和目标下净零碳转型复杂性的理解存在局限性,难以有效反映与应对多重目标、多重约束下社会经济系统性、全局性深刻变革的影响。理解与研判“双碳”目标下经济社会系统性变革的主要特征、具体要求与实现路径,能够提升对“双碳”目标的认识,更好地释放系统性变革带来的红利以及规避所伴随的风险,推动实现“双碳”目标下经济社会的高质量发展,并为全球碳中和理论构建与实践探索作出贡献。

数字化转型背景下课堂教学范式重构

课堂教学的数字化转型,是将课堂中的各种教学要素信息化,教学信息资源化,进而促进师生高效利用信息化资源,实现课堂教学育人方式的转变与教学质量的提升。数字化转型将推动课堂教学范式重构。传统课堂是“信息呈现”教学范式,用压抑学生学情信息来保障教师教学信息的质量。学情信息是课堂教学数字化转型的生长点,充分发挥其价值,需利用“任务设计”“结构变革”“学习地图”等举措,建构以发现和利用学情为旨趣的“信息引导”教学范式。在数字化的技术赋能下,“信息引导”教学范式将走向“精准教学”,塑造人才培养的全新课堂样态。

领域法学视野下的数字法问题

数字法律现象呈现出客体复合性、主体多样性及法律关系多元性特征,决定了传统研究范式转型升级成为数字法学的必然选择。领域法学作为调整交叉领域法现象的研究范式,与数字法问题相吻合。领域法学具体化、立体化以及复合化思维,可与部门法学协同互补;其立体性、自足性和因应性特征可对传统法学研究方法进行吸收和补充。运用领域法学研究范式,可立体化提炼数字法现象,多维度整合数字交叉学科,以达到全方位解决数字法问题的效果。在宏观上,归纳“数字赋权-代码规制-数字正义”的数字治理逻辑;在微观上,演绎数据权利分类确定、数据交易分层规范、算法治理多元共治、权益救济多方协同的数字治理机制,构建完整的数字法学知识体系。

元地球与数字孪生:思想突破、技术变革与范式转换

数字孪生在航天、工业制造领域已应用了20多年,但引入海洋科学还是首次。通过数字孪生技术,实现真实地球与虚拟地球的融合,构建一个真实地球与数字地球的虚实共同体,这里称为“元地球”。本文介绍了元地球与早期提出的数字地球、虚拟地球、玻璃地球、智慧地球的本质区别,进而突出元地球理念或思想上的巨大突破。基于现今元宇宙BIGANT技术体系,构架跨越地球各圈层的实时、全天候、立体观测感知系统,打通地球系统各圈层动力学模拟隔阂,实现超越现今地球,再现深时地球,实现时空穿越,从而集数字地球、虚拟地球、玻璃地球、智慧地球、现今地球、深时地球的特性于一个共同体,这个深时的虚实共同体就是元地球。这一理念必将催生新的技术范式变革,进而超越现实地球、虚拟地球,开启人类认识地球、探测地球、开发地球的全新方式。在实现研究范式转换的同时,推动元地球的多场景应用,这也必将催生未来的万亿新产业。

智能时代人因科学研究的新范式取向及重点

本文首先提出了“人因科学”这一创新的学科群概念来表征工程心理学、人因工程、工效学、人机交互等相近领域。尽管这些领域的研究角度不一样,但是它们分享共同的研究理念、对象以及目的。我们近期的研究表明,人工智能(AI)新技术带来了一系列新的人因问题,而作为人因科学研究对象的人机关系呈现出从“人机交互”向“人智组队式合作”的跨时代演进。这些变化对人因科学研究提出了新问题和新挑战,需要我们重新审视基于非智能技术的人因科学研究范式和重点。在此背景下,本文梳理人因科学研究范式取向跨时代的演进,总结我们近5年所提出的一系列用于丰富人因科学研究范式的新概念模型和框架,其中包括人智协同认知系统、人智协同认知生态系统以及智能社会技术系统的模型和框架。本文进一步从人因科学研究范式取向的角度进一步提升这些概念模型和框架,提出智能时代人因科学研究的三种新范式取向,分析相应的应用意义,并展望今后的研究方向。同时,针对智能时代人因科学研究重点的跨时代转移新特征,本文从“人智交互”“智能人机界面”“人智组队合作”三个方面展望了今后人因科学的研究重点,揭示出人因科学新研究范式取向对未来研究重点的作用。我们认为,人因科学的研究范式取向和研究重点互为影响,互为促进,智能时代的人因科学研究需要多样化、创新的研究范式取向,从而进一步推动人因科学的发展。

数字孪生村落:传统村落全要素智慧化营建新范式

工业与生态文明对传统农耕文明的不断侵蚀,导致了传统农耕文明的不断消亡。为了实现对传统村落全方位要素的保护目标,以数字孪生技术为驱动内核,就传统村落全要素保护的内涵与外延、体系架构、建设路径及关键技术等展开讨论。结果表明,数字孪生村落的全要素智慧营建是一项复杂的系统性工程,需要从顶层设计、标准体系、建设路径与示范应用四个维度进行深化研究;新型测绘耦合数字孪生技术为传统村落的全要素智慧化管控与运维奠定了数据与技术基础,结合实际保护需求与建设目标的“二阶段”体系划分,以期为传统村落的产学研用一体化保护、协同发展与综合利用提供方法借鉴。

基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式构建--一个单案例研究

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,世界各国科技竞争加剧,科技创新成为各国博弈的主战场。我国在基础研究、关键核心技术等领域正在遭受西方发达国家的围堵。高校作为基础研究主力军和重大科技突破策源地,传统科研范式在响应国家重大需求方面存在原始创新能力薄弱、科技成果转化率低、协同创新能力不足等问题。持续增大的外部压力、创新高风险与高投入使得“有组织科研”成为当前我国高校提升创新效能的重要选择,也是高校深度融入国家创新体系的重要举措。阐述“四个面向”和“有组织科研”的内涵,梳理“四个面向”与“有组织科研”、“有组织科研”与自由探索的关系,从高校传统科研范式亟待解决的问题入手,构建基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式,对重庆大学“有组织科研”实施路径与成效进行解析,验证理论的科学性与适用性。

科技治理范式下的人才评价:理论指向与实践进路

当前,以科技管理范式为应然的人才评价体制机制相对滞后于科技治理改革实然,导致人才评价实践中衍生诸多问题,亟需建立符合科技治理需要的人才评价体制机制。但是,由于科技治理的理论内涵尚未厘清,对于人才评价改革实践的指导作用有限。为阐明科技治理时代的人才评价实践进路,本文首先从目标、行动、话语、组织、规范5个维度对科技治理的理论内涵进行解构。在此基础上,明确了科技治理时代的人才评价应将创新生态系统建设作为评价目标、以网络结构重塑评价主客体关系、面向合作重构人才评价标准、以平等对话改良评价方式、在行动中规范人才评价过程。

数字技术创新驱动新兴产业成长的路径选择与政策取向

新兴产业根植于技术创新,技术创新引发产业变革,催生新兴产业。数字经济背景下,新一轮数字技术革命正在发生,为新兴产业的成长提供了通用技术支撑和组织原则。数字技术创新作用于市场需求、技术创新环境以及高效运作的组织原则三种因素,进而驱动新兴产业成长。随着数字技术的深化应用,数字鸿沟、数字技术创新成果转化能力弱、产业组织形态更新缓慢等问题制约了数字技术创新驱动作用的发挥。因此,数字技术创新驱动新兴产业成长路径,应通过弥合数字鸿沟、支持数字产业创新发展、推动产业组织形态更新三条路径,畅通数字技术创新驱动新兴产业成长的障碍。在数字技术创新驱动新兴产业成长的政策层面,为有效发挥数字技术创新驱动新兴产业成长的作用,在产业支持政策的制定过程中应遵循竞争友好原则,发挥市场机制的选择作用,不断完善财税与金融支持政策,推动数字平台治理创新。

农业知识驱动服务技术革新综述与前沿

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