Goal-directed therapy in intraoperative fluid and hemodynamic management

Intraoperative fluid management is pivotal to the outcome and success of surgery, especially in high-risk proce- dures. Empirical formula and invasive static monitoring have been traditionally used to guide intraoperative fluid management and assess volume status. With the awareness of the potential complications of invasive procedures and the poor reliability of these methods as indicators of volume status, we present a case scenario of a patient who underwent major abdominal surgery as an example to discuss how the use of minimally invasive dynamic monitoring may guide intraoperative fluid therapy.

Effect of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Lung Function, Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Radical Esophageal Cancer Surgery under One-Lung Ventilation

Objective: To explore the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on lung function, cognitive function and inflammatory response in patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation. Methods: Sixty-seven patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery were divided into GDFT group (GDFT therapy) and control group (conventional liquid therapy). The changes in patients’ pulmonary function, cognitive function and inflammatory response were evaluated. Results: Both alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference [P(A-a)O2] and respiratory index (RI) increased at one-lung ventilation for 30 minutes (T2) and decreased at one-lung ventilation for 60 minutes (T3), and after surgery (T4) in the two groups, and the GDFT group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05);theoxygenation index (OI) of the two groups decreased at T2, T3, and T4 compared with that at T1 (before one-lung ventilation), and the GDFT group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). At T4 and T5, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), central nervous system specific protein (S100β), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the GDFT group were lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05);the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in the GDFT group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GDFT can help prevent lung injury during radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation, reduce the body’s inflammatory response, and reduce the incidence of perioperative cognitive disorder to a certain extent.

Scoliosis in Children: Impact of Goal-Directed Therapies on Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes

Background: Scoliosis is among interventions with high postoperative complication rates due to the characteristics of the surgery, where blood loss, transfusion and fluid requirements can be increased. A monocentric retrospective observational study was undertaken earlier to determine predictors of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in surgical patients. In this initial cohort, there were patients who underwent scoliosis surgery, and a secondary analysis to describe outcomes in these patients was realized and presented here. Objective: To describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients under 18 years old in scoliosis surgery included in the initial study and to propose improvement and implementation measures. Methods: A secondary analysis of patients undergoing scoliosis surgery from 1 January 2014 to 17 May 2017 was undertaken in our institution—Necker Enfants Malades university hospital. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: There were 116 patients with a mean age of 147.5 ± 40.2 months. Twenty-eight patients (24.1%) presented intraoperative and/or postoperative complications. The most common intraoperative complication was hemorrhagic shock in 3 patients (2.6%). The most common postoperative organ failure was neurologic in seven patients (6%), respiratory in 3 patients (2.6%), cardio-circulatory in 2 patients (1.7%) and renal failure in 1 patient (0.9%). The most common postoperative infection was surgical wound sepsis in 8 patients (6.9%), urinary sepsis in 3 patients (2.6%), and abdominal sepsis and septicemia in 2 patients (1.7%). 12 patients (10.3%) had reoperations. Fifty-six patients (48.3%) had intraoperative transfusion. There was no in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: The portion of patients with intraoperative and or postoperative complications was 24.1%, integrating goal-directed therapies in this surgical setting could improve postoperative outcomes.

Intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapies in Femoral and Pelvic Osteotomies in Children and In-Hospital Postoperative Outcomes

Background: Femoral and pelvic osteotomies are potential hemorrhagic interventions where transfusion requirements can be necessary. Objective: We undertook a secondary analysis of patients who underwent femoral and pelvic osteotomy in the initial cohort. The objective of this secondary analysis was to describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes and to describe intraoperative management in these patients in terms of blood product management and fluid and hemodynamic therapy with the aim of implementing optimization management protocols for postoperative outcome improvement. Methods: A secondary analysis of patients who underwent femoral and pelvic osteotomy surgery was included in the initial retrospective study. Results: There were eighteen patients with a mean age of 104 ± 47.1 months. Four (22.2%) patients had intraoperative and/or postoperative complications. One patient (5.6%) had an intraoperative hemorrhagic shock, two patients (11.1%) had postoperative neurologic failure, and one patient (5.6%) had postoperative wound sepsis. The transfusion rate was 50% in nine patients. Conclusion: Femoral and pelvic osteotomies are interventions where blood, transfusion and fluid requirements can be increased;thus, this implies the necessity of a global patient blood management protocol with point-of-care tests and fluid- and hemodynamic-guided protocols with validated tools in children for intraoperative and postoperative outcome optimization.

Simplified Intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapy Using the FloTrac/Vigileo System: An Analysis of Its Usefulness and Safety

Purpose: We investigated whether the simplified intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapy (GDT) could improve the factors affecting medical costs, and contribute in standardizing intraoperative fluid management. Methods: The enrolled patients underwent esophagectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, or aortic stent grafting in 2012, and between March 2013 and October 2014. We conducted a comparison study on the effects of GDT, between the before-GDT historical control group (n = 100) and GDT group (n = 100). The hemodynamic indices used for control group patients were conventional: Blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output. For GDT group, additionally, we used stroke volume variation (SVV) and stroke volume index (SVI). The primary outcomes were the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital stay (LOS). Regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting LOS. The secondary outcomes were the albumin use, the fluid amount administered, and the variation in the fluid administration rate. Results: The control and GDT groups comprised 96 and 99 patients, respectively. The patient characteristics were similar. The length of ICU stay was significantly shorter (2.1 ± 2.1 days vs. 2.8 ± 1.9 days, P = 0.0009) and LOS was shorter but without statistical significance (24.5 ± 17.7 days vs. 27.7 ± 20.1 days, P = 0.21) in the GDT group than in the control group. The fluid amount administered and the presence/ absence of albumin use were factors affecting LOS. The variation of the fluid administration rate was significantly lower in the GDT group. Conclusion: The simplified GDT may contribute to the improvement of medical economics and standardize the fluid management.

The Effect of Non-Invasive Goal Directed Fluid Administration on Graft Function in Deceased Donor Renal Transplantation: A Pilot Study

Background: Non-invasive goal directed fluid therapy during deceased donor renal transplant (CRT) may reduce the incidence of delayed graft function. Plethysmograph Variability Index (PVI) has been shown to predict fluid responsiveness during surgery. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of goal directed fluid administration protocol based upon PVI studying the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) in renal transplant recipients. Methods: Twenty patients underwent primary CRT. The Control group received intravenous fluid (IVF) at a calculated constant rate. The Treatment group received a baseline IVF infusion throughout the surgery. PVI values greater than 13% were treated with 250 ml boluses of IVF. Primary end point was DGF;total IVF administration and urinary biomarker NGAL levels were secondary endpoints. Results: Treatment group at every time point received significantly less IVF. There was no significant difference in incidence of DGF between the groups. 2 patients in the Control group and 6 in the Treatment group developed DGF. NGAL was not associated with the group assignment or total IVF given (p < 0.2). Conclusions: The effectiveness of goal directed fluid therapy with non-invasive dynamic parameters has not been validated in renal transplant surgery and larger prospective studies are needed to determine its utility in renal transplantation.

Neuroblastoma in Children: Intraoperative Goal Directed Therapy, Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common tumor in children. Anesthetic management can be challenging due to the localization and catecholamine-secreting characteristics of the tumor. We undertook a secondary analysis in a previous study to describe patients who underwent neuroblastoma resection. Objective: To describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent neuroblastoma resection and to propose optimal intraoperative management for postoperative outcome improvement. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of children who underwent neuroblastoma resection in the initial retrospective study. Results: There were 16 patients with a mean age of 39.3 ± 22.1 months. Seven (43.8%) patients presented with intraoperative or postoperative complications. One (6.3%) patient had intraoperative broncho-laryngospasm and difficult intubation. Two (12.5%) patients had intraoperative hemorrhagic shock. One patient (6.3%) had postoperative renal failure. Two patients (12.5%) had postoperative respiratory failure, and 3 (18.8%) patients had postoperative cardiocirculatory failure. One (6.3%) had postoperative pulmonary sepsis and septicemia. Thirteen (81.3%) patients were intraoperatively transfused. There was no in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: In this cohort, 43.8% of the patients had intraoperative and or postoperative complications in terms of organ dysfunction or sepsis. 81.3% of the patients received intraoperative transfusion. Neuroblastoma surgery can be a challenging situation where cardiovascular instability, high blood loss and transfusion requirements can be encountered. Consequently, preoperative preparation and optimal intraoperative management with validated tools in children could be necessary for a better postoperative outcome in this surgical setting.

Use of Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Emergency Department before and after the Sepsis Trilogy

The management of sepsis evolved recently with the publication of three large trials (referred to as the sepsis trilogy) investigating the efficacy of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Our goal was to determine if the publication of these trials has influenced the use of EGDT when caring for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in the emergency department (ED). In February 2014, we surveyed a sample of board-certified emergency medicine physicians regarding their use of EGDT in the ED. A follow-up survey was sent after the publication of the sepsis trilogy. Data was analyzed using 95% confidence intervals to determine if there was a change in the use of EGDT following the publication of the above trials. Subgroup analyses were also performed with regard to academic affiliation and emergency department volume. Surveys were sent to 308 and 350 physicians in the pre-and post-publication periods, respectively. Overall, ED use of EGDT did not change with publication of the sepsis trilogy, 48.7% (CI 39.3% - 58.2%) before and 50.5% (CI 40.6% - 60.3%) after. Subgroup analysis revealed that academic-affiliated EDs significantly decreased EGDT use following the sepsis trilogy while nonacademic departments significantly increased EGDT use. Use of EGDT was significantly greater in community departments versus academic departments following the publication of the sepsis trilogy. There was no change overall in the use of EGDT protocols when caring for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, but subgroup analyses revealed that academic departments decreased their use of EGDT while community departments increased use of EGDT. This may be due to varying rates of uptake of the medical literature between academic and community healthcare systems.

围术期目标导向液体治疗对老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者血流动力学、术后恢复及并发症的影响

目的探讨围术期目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)对老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者血流动力学、术后恢复及并发症的影响。方法选取88例老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组44例。治疗组围术期采用GDFT,对照组围术期采用常规液体治疗。比较2组患者不同时点的平均动脉压、心率、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_(2)),以及术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率。结果2组患者平均动脉压、心率、ScvO_(2)的时间效应(F=60.488、49.789、39.423)、组间效应(F=17.317、12.969、10.101)及交互效应(F=26.415、22.546、17.294)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术毕,治疗组的平均动脉压、心率、ScvO_(2)高于麻醉前,且高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组术后排气时间、住院时间依次为(2.25±0.61)、(10.29±1.96)d,分别短于对照组的(2.82±0.71)、(12.36±2.29)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组术后并发症总发生率为11.36%,低于对照组的29.54%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将GDFT应用于老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者围术期,可提供更稳定的血流动力学环境,改善组织灌注情况,加速术后康复进程,并减少术后并发症。

超声指导脓毒性休克液体复苏疗效的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析比较超声指导液体复苏与早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)在脓毒性休克中的应用效果。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、Ovid、Scopus、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(WANFANG)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、中国临床实验数据中心和ClinicalTrials.gov,搜集从建库至2022年10月23日有关比较超声指导液体复苏和EGDT在脓毒性休克中应用效果的随机对照试验(RCT)。采用Review Manager5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8篇文献,包括482例脓毒性休克患者,3篇文献风险偏移较低。Meta分析结果显示,两组的6、12、24 h乳酸清除率(LCR)、急性肾损伤(AKI)发生率、28 d病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组的24 h复苏液体总量、24 h液体净平衡量低于对照组(P<0.00001);试验组的组织水肿发生率低于对照组(P=0.001);试验组的治疗6 h后每小时尿量多于对照组(P<0.00001);试验组的机械通气时间及ICU住院时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.009、0.002)。结论超声指导脓毒性休克液体复苏可降低24 h复苏液体总量及组织水肿发生率,增加治疗6 h后每小时尿量,缩短机械通气时间及ICU住院时间。

下腔静脉变异度联合SVV指导下的目标导向液体治疗在腹腔镜肠癌根治术麻醉管理中的应用

目的 探讨下腔静脉变异度联合每搏量变异度(SVV)指导下的目标导向液体治疗在腹腔镜肠癌根治术患者麻醉管理中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年7月至2022年6月择期行腹腔镜下肠癌根治术患者60例,按照不同目标导向液体治疗分为常规补液组(对照组)和SVV组(观察组)各30例。比较两组术中液体出入量、不同时间点血流动力学和视神经鞘直径(ONSD)、术前及术后实验室指标水平[C反应蛋白(CRP)、下腔静脉变异度、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)],术前及术后1、3 d认知功能。结果 观察组总入量、胶体量低于对照组(P<0.05),两组晶体量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组部分时间点血流动力学和ONSD差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前和术后1 d实验室指标水平差异有统计学意义,且观察组CRP、FIB水平低于对照组,下腔静脉变异度高于对照组(P<0.05)。术前及术后3 d,两组认知功能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1 d观察组认知功能评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 下腔静脉变异度联合SVV指导下的目标导向液体治疗应用于腹腔镜肠癌根治术患者麻醉管理中,能够优化术中液体管理,减少外科应激,维持患者内环境稳定,降低术后短期认知功能损害程度,于患者术后康复有益。

PPV和PVI在胃肠肿瘤手术目标导向液体治疗中的疗效对比研究

目的比较脉压变异率(Pulse pressure variation,PPV)与脉搏灌注变异指数(Pleth variability index,PVI)在胃肠肿瘤手术目标导向液体治疗(Goal-directedfluidtherapy,GDFT)中的疗效。方法选取2021年9月-2024年2月在延安市人民医院麻醉科全麻下行腹腔镜胃肠道肿瘤手术的患者106例,采用随机数字表法分为PPV组(n=53)和PVI组(n=53)。两组患者术中背景输液情况为复方氯化钠3 mL·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)。PPV组若PPV≥11%持续1 min,则按照15 mL·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)的速度输注晶体液,若超过15 min则继续胶体液输注,直到PPV<11%持续1 min,恢复背景输液速度。PVI组若PVI≥11%持续1 min,则按照15 mL·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)的速度输注晶体液,若超过15 min则继续胶体液输注,直到PPV<11%持续1 min,恢复背景输液速度。记录患者术中低血压时间加权平均值(Time weighted average of Hypotension,TWAH)、输液情况、尿量;记录患者术毕24 h QoR-15评分、恶心呕吐发生率、肾功能以及肠道排气时间,测定术毕24、48 h患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-10的水平。结果与PPV组相比,PVI组术中总输液量、晶体输注量、尿量,术毕24 h和48 h血清IL-6水平更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组低血压时间加权平均值、胶体输注量、术毕24 h肾功能、恶心呕吐发生率、肠道排气时间差异均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论在腹腔镜胃肠道肿瘤手术中,基于PVI的GDFT并不劣于PPV作为目标的GDFT,该方法无创、简便,值得在临床推广应用。

目标导向液体治疗在腹腔镜肝脏手术中的应用效果

目的探讨对腹腔镜肝脏手术患者实施目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)后获得的临床效果。方法选取2020年3月至2023年8月烟台市烟台山医院收治的62例腹腔镜肝脏手术患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为参照组(31例)与研究组(31例),参照组采用常规方法治疗,研究组采用GDFT治疗。比较两组的简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、血流动力学指标水平、尿素氮(BUN)水平、乳酸(Lac)水平。结果术前1 d,两组患者MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1、3 d,研究组患者MMSE评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者切肝时(T_(2))及手术完毕时(T_(3))心脏指数(CI)高于参照组;T_(2)时中心静脉压(CVP)水平高于参照组,T_(3)时CVP水平低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);入室时(T_(0))、T_(3)时及术后24 h,两组患者BUN水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T_(0)时,两组患者Lac水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T_(3)及术后24 h,研究组患者Lac水平低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床对腹腔镜肝脏手术患者合理给予GDFT治疗,对于患者重要脏器血流灌注稳定性以及患者的血流动力学水平维持表现出的作用明显,可以保护患者的脑组织,对于患者的术后认知功能改善有促进作用。

早期目标导向活动在ICU重症患者连续性肾脏替代治疗中的分析及对肾功能的影响

目的以在ICU接受连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)的重症患者为研究对象,分析早期目标导向活动(EGDM)对其影响。方法收集2022年1月至2024年1月在我院行CRRT治疗的ICU重症患者100例,将2年内收治的患者信息均置入100封相同信封中,依次编号1~100号,其中50例单号者实施常规护理,作为对照组,另50例双号者实施EGDM护理,作为观察组,对比两组护理效果。结果观察组护理总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,观察组肾功能、血流动力学指标改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05),功能量表评分及生活质量评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在ICU重症患者CRRT治疗中实施EGDM护理,可明显改善患者症状,减轻肾功能损害,缓解炎症,降低并发症的发生。

目标导向液体治疗对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者围术期的影响

目的:探讨心脏指数与每搏量变异度指导的目标导向液体治疗对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者围术期的影响。方法:选取2023年4月至2023年8月限期行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的70例老年患者,采用随机数字表法将患者分为常规输液组(C组)与目标导向组(G组),每组35例;G组予以心脏指数与每搏量变异度指导的目标导向液体治疗,C组予以平均动脉压(MAP)与中心静脉压指导的常规输液治疗。比较两组手术相关指标(液体总量、晶体量、胶体量、尿量、出血量及手术时间),记录两组患者麻醉诱导前(T_(1))、气管插管后5 min(T_(2))、改变体位后5 min(T_(3))、改变体位后60 min(T_(4))、气腹结束后5 min(T_(5))、手术结束时(T_(6))的心率与MAP,T_(1)、T_(4)、T_(6)时两组患者的pH值与动脉血乳酸含量,T_(1)、拔管后5 min(T_(7))时烦躁指数、麻醉复苏室并发症发生情况,术后第1天、第3天、第7天心率、MAP及术后并发症。结果:与C组相比,G组术中输注的胶体量多,晶体量少(P<0.05)。T_(3)~T_(6)时,G组MAP高于C组(P<0.05);T_(2)~T_(6)时,C组MAP均低于同组Tl时(P<0.05),G组除T_(2)、T_(6)时的MAP低于同组T_(1)时(P<0.05),T_(3)~T_(5)时的MAP与T_(1)时相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T_(6)时,G组pH值高于C组,动脉血乳酸值低于C组(P<0.05);T_(6)时,C组动脉血乳酸值较同组T_(1)时升高(P<0.05)。T_(7)时,G组烦躁指数低于C组(P<0.05)。G组术后恶心呕吐、感染、吻合口漏、肠梗阻等并发症发生率低于C组(8.57%vs.28.57%)。结论:心脏指数与每搏量变异度指导的目标导向液体治疗可优化腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者术中血流动力学指标,改善组织灌注,减轻麻醉苏醒期不适感,降低术后并发症发生率。

目标导向液体治疗联合米力农在腹腔镜肝叶切除手术中实现控制性低中心静脉压的观察

目的探讨目标导向液体治疗联合米力农在腹腔镜肝叶切除术中实现控制性低中心静脉压(controlled low central venous pressure,CLCVP)的效果。方法选取2021年08月至2023年11月昆明市第一人民医院行腹腔镜肝叶切除手术患者60例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其均分为2组,即对照组、实验组各30例。对照组采用严格控制液体治疗(输注3 mL/kg晶胶比为1∶1的液体),根据患情使用泵注Nitroglycerin实现CLCVP;实验组则采用以SVV 1%~9%为目标进行液体治疗(输注20 mL/kg晶胶比为1∶1的液体),并联合使用米力农实现CLCVP。记录2组手术视野满意率、出血量、血压变化、尿量和中心静脉压以及住院时间指标。结果实验组手术医生术中视野满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组术中总出血量、平均出血量均低于对照组,手术时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组在术前平均动脉压方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组在术中、术后平均动脉压均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组在术中尿量方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后尿量实验组高于对照组,术中平均CVP值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组总住院时间、平均住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在腹腔镜肝叶切除手术中,采用目标导向液体治疗联合米力农实现控制性低中心静脉压(CLCVP)的方法,相较于传统严格液体控制,显著减少术中出血,维持循环稳定,缩短手术与住院时间,提高手术医生视野满意率。

非标准状态下脉压变异率评估患者容量反应性的研究进展

容量反应性是目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)的核心,脉压变异率(PPV)反映每搏输出量随呼吸的变化,能够准确评估患者的容量反应性。然而,PPV监测依赖于心肺相互作用,测量时有严格的条件限制。PPV测量的标准状态要求患者接受机械通气,潮气量至少为预测体重(PBW)8 ml/kg,同时不合并自主呼吸、低肺顺应性、心律失常、胸腔开放、腹内高压和高呼吸频率等,不完全满足上述测量条件时测得的PPV则为非标准状态下PPV。临床上多数患者不满足PPV测量的标准状态,因此如何保证非标准状态下PPV应用的有效性成为当前临床研究的热点。本文综述了PPV的原理以及非标准状态下PPV的临床应用等内容,为临床合理使用PPV监测提供参考。

潮气量挑战PPV与PPV在老年髋关节手术中对目标导向液体容量管理策略的影响研究

目的 比较潮气量挑战脉压变异率(Volume challenge pulse pressure variation, VtPPV)和脉压变异率(Pulse pressure variation, PPV)两种液体目标导向管理方法对老年髋关节手术输液量以及预后的影响。方法 以2020年3月-2023年3月在东南大学医学院附属医院/南京同仁医院麻醉科全麻下行择期髋关节手术的100例患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为潮气量挑战PPV(VtP组)和PPV组(P组),每组50例。VtP组:将潮气量从6 mL/kg增加到8 mL/kg并持续1 min,若ΔPPV≥3.5%,10 min内予以200 mL胶体液快速输注;并在液体预负荷结束前1 min内重复测量并干预。若连续2次显示容量欠佳,第二次输注晶体液200 mL,直至ΔPPV<3.5%。P组:潮气量为8 mL/kg时,若PPV≥11%持续1 min, 10 min内予以200 mL胶体液输注;并在液体预负荷结束前1 min内重复测量并干预。若连续2次显示容量欠佳,第二次输注晶体液200 mL,直至PPV<11%。记录患者术中低血压时间加权平均值(Time weighted average of Hypotension, TWA)、术毕血乳酸水平、输液量、出血量、尿量,术后48 h肺部、泌尿系统并发症发生率、住院时间以及术后24、48 h QoR-15满意度评分。记录患者入室、插管后、切皮时、以及术中不同时间点平均动脉压和心率的情况。结果 与P组比较,VtP组术毕总输液量、晶体用量和血乳酸水平减少,胶体用量增多,手术开始60、90 min时平均动脉压增高,术中TWA降低,术后24 h恢复满意度评分增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在老年髋关节手术中,基于潮气量挑战PPV的目标导向液体容量管理策略围术期低血压发生少,可降低术中输液量,提高患者满意度。

血流动力学监测仪指导目标导向液体治疗对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后恶心呕吐的影响因素研究

目的:探讨LIDCOrapid型血流动力学监测仪指导目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的影响因素。方法:选择2020年8月至2021年6月山东第二医科大学附属医院收治的90例全麻下行腹腔镜广泛性全子宫切除术患者,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组根据尿量和平均动脉压(MAP)指导补液,观察组根据每搏量变异度(SVV)指导GDFT进行补液。观察患者进入手术室后10min(T0)、麻醉诱导后3 min(T1)、Terndelenburg体位后3 min(T2)、Terndelenburg体位后30 min(T3)、Terndelenburg体位后1 h(T4)和术毕(T5)时的MAP、心率(HR)、SVV、心指数(CI);以及术中液体出入量、术后胃肠功能恢复指标和住院时间。分析主要结局指标的PONV发生率,次要结局指标的术后0~6 h(T6)、6~12 h(T7)、12~24 h(T8)及24~48 h(T9)的PONV评分,以及术后进行止吐补偿治疗的人数。结果:观察组PONV发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=6.40,P<0.05),术后T6和T7的PONV评分降低,差异有统计学意义(t=4.92、3.42,P<0.05)。观察组在T4时的HR和CI高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=0.73、0.64,P<0.05),而T3~T5时的SVV均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.28、3.42、4.10,P<0.05);观察组术中晶体液输入量和总输液量减少,胶体液输入量增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=15.10、12.36、8.19,P<0.05);观察组术后排气时间、排便时间及进食时间均早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.79、2.09、2.54,P<0.05)。两组住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:LIDCOrapid型血流动力学监测仪指导的GDFT可降低妇科腹腔镜广泛性子宫切除术PONV的发生率和术后12 h内PONV的严重程度。

目标导向液体治疗对冠状动脉旁路移植术中局部脑氧饱和度及术后认知功能的影响

目的探讨以目标导向液体治疗(goal-directed fluid therapy,GDFT)对冠状动脉旁路移植术术中局部脑氧饱和度(Regional cerebral oxygen saturation,rSO_(2))和术后认知功能(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)的影响。方法选择2021年6月—2023年10月在本院择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)的108例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为常规液体治疗组(C组,49例)和目标导向液体治疗组(G组,59例)两组。C组根据MAP、CVP行常规液体治疗,G组于SVV及CI指导下行目标导向液体治疗,维持SVV≤13%及CI≥2.5 L/(min m^(2))。两组患者均于术中持续监测rSO_(2),记录rSO_(2)基础值(rSO_(2))及术中rSO_(2)最小值(rSO_(2)min),计算rSO_(2)较基础值下降的最大百分比(rSO_(2)%max);记录入室后(T_(0))、麻醉诱导后10分钟(T_(1))、主动脉插管前(T_(2))、体外循环结束后30 min(T_(3))、手术结束后24 h(T 4)时的血流动力学数值;记录术中总输液量和胶体液用量、出血量、尿量以及去甲肾上腺素的使用情况;记录T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时刻的血中乳酸(LAC),血糖(GLU)含量;记录术前1 d(D_(0))、术后1 d(D_(1))、术后3 d(D_(3))、术后7 d(D 7)MoCA评分。结果G组患者的总输液量、胶体液用量及尿量均比C组明显增高(P<0.05);而G组患者去甲肾上腺素的使用量则明显低于C组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05);G组在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时刻的CVP均高于C组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05);G组患者的rSO_(2)%max比C组显著较小有统计学差异(P<0.05),而rSO_(2)的基础值及最小值无统计学差异(P>0.05);在T_(2)、T_(3)时刻,C组血糖和乳酸含量均高于G组有统计学差异(P<0.05);C组的术后认知功能障碍的发生率显著高于G组,两者有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论以维持SVV≤13%及CI≥2.5 L/(min m^(2))为指导的GDFT,可以有效提高脑灌注,减少rSO_(2)下降,从而降低POCD的发病率。