Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix:Six case reports

BACKGROUND Goblet cell carcinoid(GCC)of the appendix is a rare tumor characterized by neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma features.Accurate preoperative diagnosis is very difficult,with most patients complaining mainly of abdominal pain.Computed tomography shows swelling of the appendix,so diagnosis is usually made incidentally after appendectomy based on a preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis.Even if a patient undergoes preoperative colonoscopy,accurate endoscopic diagnosis is very difficult because GCC shows a submucosal growth pattern with invasion of the appendiceal wall.CASE SUMMARY Between 2017 and 2022,6 patients with GCC were treated in our hospital.The presenting complaint for 5 of these 6 patients was abdominal pain.All 5 patients underwent appendectomy,including 4 for a preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis and the other for diagnosis and treatment of an appendiceal tumor.The sixth patient presented with vomiting and underwent ileocecal resection for GCC diagnosed from preoperative biopsy.Although 2 patients with GCC underwent colonoscopy,no neoplastic changes were identified.Two of the six patients showed lymph node metastasis on pathological examination.As of the last followup(median:15 mo),all cases remained alive without recurrence.CONCLUSION As preoperative diagnosis of GCC is difficult,this possibility must be considered during surgical treatments for presumptive appendicitis.

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Numbers of Lymphocytes and Goblet Cells in Villus Epithelia of Layers under Heat Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells in villus epithelia of layers under heat stress.[Method] A total of 180 88-d-old healthy Esa Brown cocks were selected.They were randomly divided into 9 experimental groups：Room temperature control,High temperature control,VC addition group,High formula I,Moderate formula I,Low formula I,High formula II,Moderate formula II and Low formula II.The formula I and formula II were to add different herbal extracts to the diet of cocks with different doses.The cocks in the VC addition group were administered orally with same-concentration VC solution.After certain time,the cocks were slaughtered.Then the numbers of epithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells in various segments of small intestine were counted by using conventional histological section and HE staining.[Result] The numbers of lymphocytes and goblet cells in villus epithelia of layers under heat stress were decreased gradually with the proceeding of experiment.The herbal extracts of formula I and formula II all could promote the generation of lymphocytes and goblet cells.But the promoting effect of formula II was best.[Conclusion] The Chinese herbal medicine additives have a good relieving effect on heat stress in layers.

Distribution Law of Goblet Cells in the Intestinal Tracts of African Ostrich Chicks

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the distribution law of different goblet cells in the intestinal tracts of African ostrich chicks. [Method] Alcian blue/pe- riodic acid-schiff reaction （AB/PAS） was adopted to observe and analyze the types and distribution of goblet cells in the intestinal tracts of ostrich chicks. Acid mu- copolysaccharide could be stained blue with alcian blue （AB）, and neutral mu- copolysaccharide could be stained red with periodic acid-schiff reagent （PAS）. [Result] According to AB/PAS results, goblet cells in the intestinal tracts were divided in- to four types： TypeⅠ was pure red, with AB negative result and PAS positive result containing neutral mucoitin; type Ⅱ was pure blue, with AB positive result and PAS negative result containing acidic mucoitin; type Ⅲ was purple reddish, with PAS posi- tive result greater than AB; typeⅣ was purple blue, with AB positive result greater than PAS. Large quantities of goblet cells were found in the intestinal tracts of os- trich chicks, mostly type III and IV.The quantities of goblet cells were decreased gradually in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, while the quantities were increased in the cecum, colon and rectum. The goblet cells in the large intestine are more than that in the small intestine. The most quantities of goblet cells were contained in rectum. [Conclusion] These results indicate that the distribution of goblet cells is closely related with the structure and function of intestinal tracts. The mucus secret- ed by the goblet Cells plays a series of important roles in the digestion and mucosal immunization.

Combined goblet cell carcinoid and mucinous cystadenoma of the vermiform appendix

Goblet cell carcinoid is an uncommon primary tumor of the vermiform appendix, characterized by dual endocrine and glandular differentiation. Whether goblet cell carcinoid represents a morphological variant of appendiceal classical carcinoid or a mucin-producing adenocarcinoma is a matter of conjecture. Rare cases of goblet cell carcinoid with other concomitant appendiceal epithelial neoplasms have been documented. In this report, we describe a rare case of combined appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid and mucinous cystadenoma, and discuss the possible histopathogenesis of this combination.

MUC5AC EXPRESSION UP-REGULATION GOBLET CELL HYPERPLASIA IN THE AIRWAY OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Objective To determine the number of goblet cells, the change of MUC5AC expression in chronic obstructive pul- monary disease (COPD) patients and the relationship of smoking with goblet cell, MUC5AC, and lung function. Methods Eighteen patients undergoing lung resections for a solitary peripheral carcinoma were classified by lung function as having COPD. Twenty patients with normal lung function served as the control group. Normal lobe bronchioles far away from the lesion site were taken for paraffin section. Goblet cells were identified by AB/PAS staining and the ex- pression of MUC5AC in the paraffin’s section was tested by immunohistochemistry. Results Goblet cell hyperplasia was observed in the COPD group. The positive rate of goblet cell in COPD group (0.20% ± 0.10%) was significantly higher than that in the normal lung function group (0.13% ± 0.06%, P < 0.05). The posi- tive rate of MUC5AC expression in the COPD group (0.27% ± 0.09%) was higher than that in the normal lung function group (0.20% ± 0.10%, P < 0.05). The positive rate of goblet cell in smokers (27.93% ± 9.00%) of the COPD group and normal lung function group was higher than that in non-smokers (17.70% ± 9.37%, P < 0.05), while MUC5AC expression had no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers (17.88% ± 6.44% and 10.88% ± 7.10%, respectively). Conclusion For COPD patients with declined lung function, there were goblet cell hyperplasia and increased expres- sion of MUC5AC. MUC5AC expression up-regulation may due to goblet cell hyperplasia. Smoking may be an important factor for goblet cell hyperplasia.

Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma: Report of three cases

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are the most common epithelial tumors among appendix tumors. Appendix tumors that are completely or partially composed of neuroendocrine cells are divided into two categories: Classic carcinoid tumors and goblet cell carcinoid tumors(GCCT). They are known to progress more aggressively than classic(neuro) endocrine tumors. In this study, three cases with acute appendicitis symptoms are presented, including their clinical and histopathological findings. Microscopic examination detected GCCT in two cases and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma in one case, in addition to acute appendicitis.

Effects of Estrogen on Mucosal Structure and Numbers and Distribution of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Goblet Cells in Small Intestine of Rats

To study the effects of estrogen on the structure of the intestinal mucosal barrier, 18 healthy female Wistar Rats underwent estrus synchronization. In diestrus, they were divided into three groups： one sham operated control group （SHAM） ; one ovariec- tomized group （OVX） ; and one ovariectomized plus estradiol benzoate group （ OVX ＋ E2 ）. Intestinal mu- cosal epithelial cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes （[EL）, and goblet cells （GCs） were observed by light microscope. The results showed that in the OVX group, the intestinal mucosa damaged obviously, the villus atrophied, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth reduced, and the number of IELs and GCs re- duced. The indicators of OVX ＋ Ez group were signif- icantly higher than OVX group, but some indicators were lower than SHAM. These indicated that the function of intestinal mucosal barrier was greatly dam- aged in ovariectomied rat, and proper dosage of estra- diol benzoate Would improve the function of small in- testinal mucosal barrier in ovariectomied rat to some degree.

Effects of Chinese Medicine on the Number of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Goblet Cells of Intestinal Villus of Heat Stress Layers

[ Objective] To study the effects of Chinese herbal additives on the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte and goblet cells of intestinal villus of heat stress layers. [Method] 180 healthy 88-day-old ISA brown egg roosters were selected and randomly divided into nine treatment groups, nor- mal temperature control group, high temperature control group, VC group, prescription one high-dose group, prescription one middle-dose group, prescription one low-dose group, prescription two high-dose group, prescription two middle-dose group, prescription two low-dose group, respec- tively. Prescription one and two groups were respectively fed with low, medium and high concentrations of the three doses of Chinese herbal ex- tracts, and VC group was fed with the VC in aqueous solution. Histological sections conventional technology and HE staining method were used to observe the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells in each sections of small intestine of chicken. [ Result] The number of chicken in- testinal epithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells showed a gradually decreasing trend in a high-temperature state. [ Conclusion] Prescription one and two groups could promote the cytopoiesis of goblet cells and lymphocytes, and the effect of prescription two was the best. Moreover, Adding the Chinese herbs had good effects on relieving the heat stress of layers.

Goblet cell carcinoid tumors of the appendix: An overview

Goblet cell carcinoid is an enigmatic and rare tumor involving the appendix almost exclusively. Since its identification in 1969, understanding of this disease has evolved greatly, but issues regarding its histogenesis, nomenclature and management are still conjectural. The published English language literature from 1966 to 2009 was retrieved via PubMed and reviewed. Various other names have been used for this entity such as adenocarcinoid, mucinous carcinoid, crypt cell carcinoma, and mucin-producing neuroendocrine tumor, although none have been found to be completely satisfactory or universally accepted. The tumor is thought to arise from pluripotent intestinal epithelial crypt-base stem cells by dual neuroendocrine and mucinous differentiation. GCCs present in the fifth to sixth decade and show no definite sex predominance. The most common clinical presentation is acute appendicitis, followed by abdominal pain and a mass. Fifty percent of the female patients present with ovarian metastases. The histologic hallmark of this entity is the presence of clusters of goblet cells in the lamina propria or submucosa stain for various neuroendocrine markers, though the intensity is often patchy. Atypia is usually minimal, but carcinomatous growth patterns may be seen. These may be of signet ring cell type or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Recently molecular studies have shown these tumors to lack the signatures of adenocarcinoma but they have some changes similar to that of ileal carcinoids (allelic loss of chromosome 11q, 16q and 18q). The natural history of GCC is intermediate between carcinoids and adenocarcinomas of the appendix. The 5-year overall survival is 76%. The most important prognostic factor is the stage of disease. Appendectomy and right hemicolectomy are the main modalities of treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in select cases. There is some debate about the surgical approach for these tumors, and a summary of published series and recommendations are provided.

Goblet cell carcinoids of the appendix:Tumor biology,mutations and management strategies

Malignant neoplasms of the appendix are rare and represent less than 1% of gastrointestinal cancers.Goblet cell carcinoids(GCC) tumors are a distinctive group of heterogeneous appendiceal neoplasm that exhibit unique clinical and pathologic features.This review focuses on the current diagnostic procedures,pathogenesis,possible signaling mechanisms and treatment options for GCC.Perspectives for future research are discussed.The tumor likely arises from pluripotent intestinal epithelial crypt base stem cells.Previous findings of Notch signaling as a tumor suppressor in Neuroendocrine tumors may have a similar role in this tumor too.Loss of Notch signaling may be the driver mutation with other successive downstream mutations likely favors them into progressing and behavior similar to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with minimal neuroendocrine differentiation.A multidisciplinary approach is suggested for optimal outcomes.Surgery remains the main treatment modality.Simple appendectomy may be sufficient in early stages while right hemicolectomy is recommended for advanced tumors.Cytoreductive surgery with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy may improve survival in a select few with metastatic peritoneal disease.These tumors have an unpredictable behavior even in early stages and local recurrence and delayed metastases may be seen.Lifelong surveillance is warranted.

Dietary iron regulates intestinal goblet cell function and alleviates Salmonella typhimurium invasion in mice

Iron is an important micronutrient that plays a vital role in host defenses and bacterial pathogenicity. As iron treatments increase the risk of infection by stimulating the growth and virulence of bacterial pathogens, their roles in anti-infection immunity have frequently been underestimated. To estimate whether adequate dietary iron intake would help defend against pathogenic bacterial infection, mice were fed iron-deficient(2 mg kg-1feed), iron-sufficient(35 mg kg-1feed), or iron-enriched diet(350 mg kg-1feed) for 12 weeks, followed by oral infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Our results revealed that dietary iron intake improved mucus layer function and decelerated the invasion of the pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium. Positive correlations between serum iron and the number of goblet cells and mucin2 were found in response to total iron intake in mice.Unabsorbed iron in the intestinal tract affected the gut microbiota composition, and the abundance of Bacteroidales, family Muribaculaceae, was positively correlated with their mucin2 expression. However, the results from antibiotic-treated mice showed that the dietary iron-regulated mucin layer function was not microbial-dependent. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed that ferric citrate directly induced mucin2 expression and promoted the proliferation of goblet cells in both ileal and colonic organoids. Thus, dietary iron intake improves serum iron levels, regulates goblet cell regeneration and mucin layer function, and plays a positive role in the prevention of pathogenic bacteria.

发酵黄芪对肉鸡小肠黏膜上皮杯状细胞数量及MUC2基因表达的影响

为了研究发酵黄芪对肉鸡小肠黏膜上皮杯状细胞数量及MUC2基因表达的影响,随机选择1日龄且初始体重相近的健康肉鸡60羽,分为4组,分别为未发酵黄芪组、发酵黄芪组、乳酸菌组和空白对照组,试验周期为42 d,于21日龄和42日龄屠宰取样。分别利用石蜡切片-PAS染色和RT-PCR方法,计数各试验组小肠黏膜上皮杯状细胞数量及其分泌的黏蛋白MUC2基因表达的差异性变化。结果显示:与空白对照组相比,发酵黄芪组21日龄肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜中杯状细胞数量分别增加了61.30%、77.63%、61.75%(P<0.01),其分泌的黏蛋白MUC2基因的相对表达分别提高了67.89%、64.35%、67.14%(P<0.01);发酵黄芪组42日龄肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜中杯状细胞数量分别增加了70.89%、56.38%、40.18%(P<0.01),其分泌的黏蛋白MUC2基因的相对表达量分别提高了58.21%、54.61%、56.06%(P<0.01);未发酵黄芪组也有所提高(P<0.05),而乳酸菌组略有差异。结果表明:在肉鸡生长过程中,发酵黄芪能够提高各段小肠黏膜上皮内杯状细胞数量以及黏蛋白MUC2基因的相对表达量,且其效果优于乳酸菌和未发酵黄芪。

Time-dependent impact of a high-fat diet on the intestinal barrier of male mice

BACKGROUND Excessive saturated fat intake compromises the integrity of the intestinal mucosa,leading to low-grade inflammation,impaired mucosal integrity,and increased intestinal permeability,resulting in the migration of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to other tissues.AIM To evaluate the chronic effects(at 10 and 16 wk)of a high-fat diet(HFD)(with 50%energy as fat)on the phylogenetic gut microbiota distribution and intestinal barrier structure and protection in C57BL/6 mice.METHODS Forty adult male mice were divided into four nutritional groups,where the letters refer to the type of diet(control and HFD or HF)and the numbers refer to the period(in weeks)of diet administration:Control diet for 10 wk,HFD for 10 wk,control diet for 16 wk,and HFD for 16 wk.After sacrifice,biochemical,molecular,and stereological analyses were performed.RESULTS The HF groups were overweight,had gut dysbiosis,had a progressive decrease in occludin immunostaining,and had increased LPS concentrations.Dietary progression reduced the number of goblet cells per large intestine area and Mucin2 expression in the HF16 group,consistent with a completely disarranged intestinal ultrastructure after 16 wk of HFD intake.CONCLUSION Chronic HFD intake causes overweight,gut dysbiosis,and morphological and functional alterations of the intestinal barrier after 10 or 16 wk.Time-dependent reductions in goblet cell numerical density and mucus production have emerged as targets for countering obesity-driven intestinal damage.

阑尾杯状细胞腺癌1例报告

目的探讨阑尾杯状细胞腺癌(goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix,GCA)的规范诊断与治疗。方法查阅国内外相关文献,对1例GCA患者的临床诊治进行回顾性分析。结果患者男,64岁,当地医院行腹腔镜下阑尾切除术,术后病理诊断为GCA后,于南昌大学第一附属医院行腹腔镜下右半结肠根治性切除术,术后恢复可,无严重并发症,术后9 d出院,现已行2次奥沙利铂+左亚叶酸钙+氟尿嘧啶化疗方案以及6次奥沙利铂+卡培他滨规律化疗,术后随访19个月,未见明确肿瘤复发或转移。结论阑尾肿瘤诊断缺乏特异性,若阑尾切除患者年龄较大、术前肿瘤标志物升高、阑尾管壁增厚、质硬或触及肿块时,应考虑阑尾肿瘤的可能性,必要时行术中冰冻切片送检,以达到一期根治的目的。

空肠Ⅰ型闭锁隔膜组织黏膜层杯状细胞和黏蛋白2 表达的组织学观察

目的观察先天性空肠Ⅰ型闭锁隔膜组织黏膜层内的杯状细胞分布和黏蛋白2(mucoprotein 2,MUC2)的表达情况。方法选用距离Treitz韧带15 cm以内的空肠Ⅰ型闭锁患儿的隔膜组织(隔膜组),共收集组织标本9例。患儿手术年龄为出生后1~3 d。以同一患儿术中行肠切除肠吻合过程中钳取收集的正常肠壁组织为对照组。组织标本分别行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色、过碘酸雪夫(periodic acid-Scheff staining,PAS)染色和免疫组织化学染色,并进行半定量比较。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验。结果HE染色显示,隔膜组织具备正常肠道的基本结构,绒毛数量减少、排列紊乱,黏膜肌层不规则,黏膜下层胶原纤维增生。隔膜组小肠绒毛间杯状细胞数量(36.6±2.6)个较对照组(72.5±3.7)个明显减少,差异有统计学意义(t=11.235,P=0.001)。PAS染色显示,杯状细胞内糖蛋白分泌增多。免疫组织化学染色显示,隔膜组黏膜层内MUC2光密度值(0.0850±0.0054)较对照组(0.1156±0.0144)减少,差异有统计学意义(t=18.652,P=0.014)。结论先天性空肠Ⅰ型闭锁隔膜与正常肠壁相比,其结构紊乱、绒毛减少,发育具有不完善性;隔膜组织由杯状细胞介导的黏膜防御功能较正常肠壁降低。

0.05%环孢素与0.1%氟米龙滴眼液治疗中重度干眼效果比较

目的比较0.05%环孢素滴眼液和0.1%氟米龙滴眼液对中重度干眼患者的治疗效果。方法采用随机对照研究设计,纳入2021年8月至2022年12月就诊于天津医科大学眼科医院的中重度干眼患者52例52眼,采用随机数字表法将其随机分成0.05%环孢素组和0.1%氟米龙组,每组26例26眼,分别给予0.05%环孢素滴眼液(2次/d)和0.1%氟米龙滴眼液(2次/d)点眼,2个组均联合小牛血去蛋白提取物滴眼液(4次/d)治疗。治疗前和治疗1、3、6个月随访观察临床症状和体征,记录眼表疾病指数(OSDI)量表评分、角膜荧光素染色(CFS)评分、泪液分泌试验Ⅰ(SⅠT)、非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTf)、结膜杯状细胞(CGC)密度;治疗前、治疗6个月采用活体共聚焦显微镜(IVCM)观察角膜神经及树突状细胞(DC)变化。结果与0.1%氟米龙组相比,0.05%环孢素组治疗1个月CFS评分降低,治疗3个月SⅠT升高、NIBUTf升高、CFS评分降低,治疗6个月OSDI评分降低、SⅠT升高、CFS评分降低;与基线相比,0.05%环孢素组治疗1个月NIBUTf升高、CFS评分降低,治疗3和6个月OSDI评分降低、SⅠT升高、NIBUTf升高、CFS评分降低;0.1%氟米龙组治疗3个月CFS评分降低,治疗6个月OSDI评分降低、SⅠT升高、CFS评分降低;与治疗3个月相比,0.05%环孢素组治疗6个月OSDI评分降低、SⅠT升高、CFS评分降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。基线,治疗1、3、6个月0.05%环孢素组CGC密度分别为(147.66±17.29)、(195.44±15.46)、(210.36±19.15)和(282.09±22.63)个/mm 2,0.1%氟米龙组分别为(138.09±17.29)、(95.67±15.46)、(117.77±19.15)和(109.13±22.63)个/mm 2,总体比较差异均有统计学意义(F分组=11.724,P<0.001;F时间=4.837,P=0.005),其中与0.1%氟米龙组相比,0.05%环孢素组治疗1、3、6个月CGC密度增加;与各自基线相比,0.05%环孢素组治疗1、3、6个月CGC密度增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与0.1%氟米龙组比较,0.05%环孢素组治疗6个月角膜神经纤维密度增加,角膜DC密度、面积、树突数均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论0.05%环孢素滴眼液联合小牛血去蛋白提取物滴眼液可改善中重度干眼患者的症状和体征,长期效果优于0.1%氟米龙滴眼液联合小牛血去蛋白提取物滴眼液。

大型围栏适养海水鱼类肠道组织学比较

精准化投喂是保障大型围栏养殖鱼类高效摄食的关键,而肠道是鱼类营养物质消化吸收的主要场所,探明其组织形态结构可为精准化投喂提供理论基础。本研究通过组织切片和光学显微镜观察,比较了5种围栏适养鱼类(圆斑星鲽、牙鲆、斑石鲷、绿鳍马面鲀、梭鱼)肠道组织形态结构,统计了比肠长,肠道褶皱高度、宽度、数量,环肌、纵肌厚度和杯状细胞数量并进行相关性分析。结果显示,比肠长数值大小为梭鱼>绿鳍马面鲀>斑石鲷>圆斑星鲽和牙鲆;前肠褶皱发达程度为梭鱼>圆斑星鲽>斑石鲷>牙鲆>绿鳍马面鲀;肠道肌层厚度为斑石鲷>圆斑星鲽>梭鱼>牙鲆和绿鳍马面鲀;肠道杯状细胞数量为梭鱼>斑石鲷>牙鲆>圆斑星鲽>绿鳍马面鲀。相关性分析发现,圆斑星鲽、牙鲆、斑石鲷、绿鳍马面鲀肠道肌层与褶皱呈显著负相关,与杯状细胞数量呈显著正相关;梭鱼肠道肌层与褶皱呈显著正相关。综上,5种鱼类比肠长,肠道褶皱数量、高度、宽度,环肌和纵肌厚度以及杯状细胞数量和各参数间相关性存在显著种属间差异,这表明5种围栏适养鱼类对摄食营养物质的消化吸收进程不同,采取了不同策略保障正常营养状态,维持正常生长发育。本研究为大型围栏适养鱼类制定精准化摄食投喂策略,提供了基础性数据支撑和重要参考。

动物肠道杯状细胞的结构及功能研究进展

杯状细胞(goblet cells,GCs)是一种黏液分泌细胞,主要分布在动物的肠道、鼻腔等黏膜表面,位于黏膜柱状上皮细胞之间。在肠道中,这些细胞产生并释放黏蛋白,与水、无机盐、抗菌肽等物质形成一层黏稠的凝胶型网状结构,分布在整个肠道黏膜表面,形成黏液屏障,以保护肠道黏膜免受酸、碱、消化酶和其他有害物质等的损害。文章综述了动物肠道GCs的形态特征、细胞类型、分化调控机制、分泌功能及调节机制,以及影响肠道GCs数量及功能的因素,探讨了GCs功能与动物肠道疾病的关系,以期为后续研究动物肠道健康的调控、疾病的预防和治疗提供科学依据。

脂磷壁酸对肉鸡感染鼠伤寒沙门菌的影响

本研究旨在探讨脂磷壁酸(LTA)对感染鼠伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella Typhimurium)的肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及肠道健康的影响。将96只1日龄体重相近的健康仔鸡随机分成空白组(Con,基础日粮),脂磷壁酸组(LTA,基础日粮+200μg/mL LTA),鼠伤寒沙门菌感染组(ST,基础日粮)和脂磷壁酸预防组(LTA+ST,基础日粮+200μg/mL LTA),每组3个重复,每个重复8只。LTA+ST组和ST组在14日龄感染鼠伤寒沙门菌,试验周期为21 d。结果显示:LTA+ST组缓解了鼠伤寒沙门菌感染导致的肉鸡体重下降(P<0.05),提高了肉鸡生存率;与ST组相比,饲喂LTA增加了肉鸡空肠和回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05)和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)比值(P<0.05),降低了空肠和回肠的隐窝深度(P<0.05);LTA+ST组肉鸡空肠和回肠中白介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量显著低于ST组(P<0.01);LTA+ST组肉鸡回肠中杯状细胞和潘氏细胞数量显著高于ST组,鸡黏蛋白2(Muc2)和鸡防御素α6(DEFA6)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,饲喂LTA能够改善肉鸡肠道形态,降低炎症因子的表达,增加分泌细胞数量,促进抗菌肽的表达,提高机体免疫力,促进肠道屏障发育,有效缓解鼠伤寒沙门菌感染对肉鸡肠道的损伤,维护肉鸡的肠道健康。

From intestinal stem cells to inflammatory bowel diseases

The pathogenesis of both entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is still complex and under investigation. The importance of the microbial flora in developing IBD is beyond debate. In the last few years, the focus has changed from adaptive towards innate immunity. Crohn's ileitis is associated with a deficiency of the antimicrobial shield, as shown by a reduced expression and secretion of the Paneth cell defensin HD5 and HD6, which is related to a Paneth cell differentiation defect mediated by a diminished expression of the Wnt transcription factor TCF4. In UC, the protective mucus layer, acting as a physical and chemical barrier between the gut epithelium and the luminal microbes, is thin- ner and in part denuded as compared to controls. This could be caused by a missing induction of the goblet cell differentiation factors Hath1 and KLF4 leading to immature goblet cells. This defective Paneth and goblet cell differentiation in Crohn's ileitis and UC may enablethe luminal microbes to invade the mucosa and trigger the inflammation. The exact molecular mechanisms behind ileal CD and also UC must be further clarified, but these observations could give rise to new therapeutic strategies based on a stimulation of the protective innate immune system.