Electrochemical behaviors of gold and its associated elements in various complex agent solutions

Thermodynamic properties and electrochemical behaviors of gold and its associated elements, such as silver, copper, nickel and iron, in various complex agent solutions were studied. Within CS（NH2）2, S2O2-3 and SCN- systems, alkaline thiourea is the optimal nontoxic lixiviating agent substituting cyanide from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. The electrochemical study indicates that the anodic dissolution current densities of gold are 2.616, （1.805,） 1.267, 1.088, 0.556, and 0.145 mA·cm-2 respectively in the solutions of cyanide, alkaline thiourea containing Na2SiO3, SCN-, acidic thiourea, alkaline thiourea and thiosulfate at the potential of 0.500 V. Comparing various lixiviating agents, the alkaline thiourea solution containing Na2SiO3 is of prominent selectivity in leaching gold, in the potential range from 0.500 to 0.600 V, which is most efficient for leaching gold selectively instead of cyanide. The effect on leaching gold is similar to that in the cyanide system.

Leaching Gold Using Oxidation Products of Elemental Sulfur in Ca(OH)_2 Solution under Oxygen Pressure

A gold leaching process by using in situ oxidation products of added elemental sulfur in Ca(OH)2 solution was investigated. A gold concentrate containing 45 g/t Au was tested and 85%~87% of gold were leached. The leached gold depends mainly on the initial molar ratio of elemental sulfur to the hydroxyl ion, the consumption of oxygen and the reaction temperature. Adding some surfactants, such as lignosulfonic calcium, at lower concentration increased the leached Au but at higher concentration decreased it. Both of thermodynamic analysis and experimental results show that thiosulfate is the major complexing agent for gold in the process.

Gold leaching with elemental sulfur in alkaline solutions under oxygen pressure

A gold leaching process by using oxidation products of elemental sulfur in alkaline solutions was proposed and investigated. A gold concentrate and a residue from an arsenic refractory gold concentrate by acidic oxidation leaching were tested. The residue contains 16.3% elemental sulfur and no more elemental sulfur was added in tests. For the concentrate elemental sulfur was added before leaching tests. The leaching ratio of gold depends mainly on the initial equivalent ratio of elemental sulfur to hydroxyl ions, the consumption of oxygen and the reaction temperature in the process. Analysis of the experimental results shows that thiosulfate is the majority complexing reagent for gold in the process. Over 90% gold was leached from the residue and 82%87% from the concentrate by using this process.

Recent Development in Simultaneous Multi-Element Determination of the Platinum Group Elements and Gold in Geological and Environmental Samples

In recent years, the modern methods of multi-element analysis of precious metals have attracted wide attention in scientific research and industry. The application and development in the decomposition of samples, separation and enrichment, and modern instrumental analysis of the platinum-group elements (PGEs) and gold in geological and environmental samples have been reviewed. Finally, the tendency of analysis of precious metals is also prospected.

Determination of Trace Elements in High Purity Gold by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Trace elements were determined in high purity gold by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS）. Sample were decomposed by aqua regia. To overcome some potentially problematic spectra/ interference, measurements were acquired in both medium and high resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the presence of excessive HCl and Au were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the determination was tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits range from 0.01ug/g to 0.28ug/g depending on the elements. The method is accurate, quick and convenient. It has been applied to the determination of trace elements in high purity gold with satisfactory results.

Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit, southeastern Guizhou Province, China

The quartz vein-type gold deposits are widely hosted by the Neoproterozoic(Xiajiang Group) epimetamorphic clastic rock series in southeastern Guizhou Province, China. The Zhewang gold deposit studied in this paper occurs in the second lithological member of the Pinglue Formation of the Xiajiang Group. Trace element geochemistry of host rocks, quartz veins and arsenopyrite has revealed that ore-forming fluid was enriched in sulphophile elements such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb and Zn, and simultaneously concentrated some magmaphile elements such as W and Mo, which probably provides some evidence for multi-stage mineralization or overprinting of magmatic hydrotherm. Quartz veins and arsenopyrite were characterized by depletion in HFSE and enrichment in LREE. Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La imply that the ore-forming fluid was probably a NaCl-H2O solution system enriched in more Cl than F; Th/U values reflect the strong reducibility of the ore-forming fluid, coincident with the sulfide assemblages. The values of Co/Ni reflect that magmatic fluids may have partly participated in the ore-forming process and Y/Ho values have proved that the ore-forming fluid was associated with metamorphism and exotic hydrotherm which has reformed former quartz veins during late mineralization. The concentrations of REE, Eu anomalies and Ce anomalies of this deposit display that ore-forming elements mainly were derived from host rocks and possibly from a mixed deep source, and the ore-forming fluid was mixed by dominant metamorphic fluid and minor other sources. The physical-chemical conditions of ore-forming fluid changed from the initial stage to the late stage. The metamorphic fluid is responsible for the mineralization. Therefore, the Zhewang gold deposit is classified as a quartz vein-type gold deposit which may have been reformed by magmatic fluids during the late stage.

Identifying Pathfinder Elements for Gold in Multi-Element Soil Geochemical Data from the Wa-Lawra Belt, Northwest Ghana: A Multivariate Statistical Approach

A multivariate statistical analysis was performed on multi-element soil geochemical data from the Koda Hill-Bulenga gold prospects in the Wa-Lawra gold belt, northwest Ghana. The objectives of the study were to define gold relationships with other trace elements to determine possible pathfinder elements for gold from the soil geochemical data. The study focused on seven elements, namely, Au, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ag, As and Cu. Factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed on the analyzed samples. Factor analysis explained 79.093% of the total variance of the data through three factors. This had the gold factor being factor 3, having associations of copper, iron, lead and manganese and accounting for 20.903% of the total variance. From hierarchical clustering, gold was also observed to be clustering with lead, copper, arsenic and silver. There was further indication that, gold concentrations were lower than that of its associations. It can be inferred from the results that, the occurrence of gold and its associated elements can be linked to both primary dispersion from underlying rocks and secondary processes such as lateritization. This data shows that Fe and Mn strongly associated with gold, and alongside Pb, Ag, As and Cu, these elements can be used as pathfinders for gold in the area, with ferruginous zones as targets.

Rare-Earth Elements and Genesis of Lamprophyres in the Laowangzhai Gold Orefield, Yunnan Province

The Laowangzhai super-large gold orefield, which is situated in northern Mt. Ailaotectonic zone, Yunnan Province, is a typical gold orefield where lamprophyres are temporallyand spatially related to gold mineratization. Major element data show that lamprophyres in theorefield are of alkalic series and can be divided into potassic and K-rich calc-alkaline lamprophyres. The rocks are enriched in rare-earth elenlents as compared with the primary mantle andmid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB). Modelled calculations by the least squares method of Petrological Mixing show that the mantle source for the lamprophyres is enriched in rare-earth elements. The geotectonic development of western Yunnan, Sr and Nd isotopic compeitions, incompatible element patterns and linear programing calculations indicate that the fluids were de-rived from dehydration of submaine sediments which are enriched in ALK, LREE and incompatible elements and then were carried to mantle wedges as a result of plate subduction. That isthe main factor leading to the formation of a metasomatic fertile mantle in the area studied.

Element-Assemblage Zoning Features of Gold Deposits in the Cambrian Silicalite Formation,Western Qinling

The gold deposits, occurring in the south subzone of western Qinling, are the onlytypical and important strata-bound gold deposits, which are associated with submarine exhala-tive sedimentation. The god deposits include the La, erma ore deposit, the Qiongmo ore de-posit and the Yaxiang ore occurrence. They are hosted in the Cambrian silicalite formationcomposed of black chert and slate. The presence of typical chert offers important evidence to e-valuate the Possib1e submarine exhalative system and its role in the formation of the gold de-posits, which are closely associated with percolation and diffusion in the horizontal, vertical andaxial directions. Element-assemblage zonation is clearly seen due to differences in element con-centrations in different directions. Such a zonation makes gold, selenium, uranium, copper,stibium, molybdenum, mercury, etc. precipitate in the form of simple 0r composite orebodies.The establishment of the element-assemblage zonation is highly helpful for evaluating directlythe metallogenesis of gold deposits.

Characterization of Galena and Vein Paragenesis in the Penjom Gold Mine,Malaysia:Trace Elements,Lead Isotope Study and Relationship to Gold Mineralization Episodes

The Penjom Gold Mine is located 30 km from the Bentong-Raub Suture at the western boundary of the Central Belt in Peninsular Malaysia. Gold mineralization hosted within the vein system is associated with pyrite, arsenopyrite, and minor base metals including galena. Trace element and lead isotope analysis was undertaken on nine samples that represent two stages of galena formed during two tectonic events. Both the Pb isotopes and the trace elements show that the first stage galena within the mineralized areas at the footwall has different geochemical characteristics compared with galena in non mineralized areas in the hanging wall, suggesting that galena crystallized from two different ore fluids and probably at two different times. Higher Te, Se and Bi in the galena from the mineralized area may indicate hydrothermal fluids that migrate through the structural conduit and leached out the metal along the pathway that consist of dominant carbonaceous unit. The Pb isotopic ratio composition are transitional between the bulk crustal growth and an upper crustal growth curve, indicating that derivation was from arc rocks associated with continental crust or a crustal source that includes arc volcanic and old continental sedimentary rocks.

Characteristics of Element Migration in the Process of Wall-Rock Alteration in the Shibangou Gold Deposit,Western Henan

Abstract The Shibangou gold deposit in western Henan is associated with irregular quartz veinlets occurring in altered shear zones dissecting a dioritic intrusion. The altered shear zones are characterized by silicification, pyritization, sericilization, chloritization and K-feldspar alteration. Zoning of altered rocks adjacent to the Au-bearing quartz veins is obviously exhibited. Fine-grained sulphides and quartz veinlets of different ages and small-scale fissures are widely distributed in the central part of the altered zones. Major mineralization types in this gold deposit are Au-bearing quartz veinlets and altered rocks in the shear zones. Samples were collected from drilling cores according to the alteration zoning and mineralization type and all samples were analyzed for major and trace elements. Mass balance, volume change (fv=97.3–71.9%) and major element variation sequences are studied in terms of major elements. The changes of mobile components (SiO2, K2O, Fe2O3) and CaO) and immobile component (Al2O3) in the wall-rock alteration are discussed. The gold mineralization is associated with the enrichment of As, Ag, Hg and Pb and depletion of Cu and Zn. The study of compositional variation of altered rocks proves to be a very efficient method for defining the extent of wall-rock alteration, fluid activity and mineralization and enrichment.

Trace element and REE geochemistry of Sanshenjiang gold deposit, southeastern Guizhou Province, China

The Sanshenjiang gold deposit in southeastern Guizhou Province, China, is hosted by the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks which experienced low-grade greenschist facies metamorphism. Gold mineralization occurs mainly in the ribbon chiltern slate of the first member of the Longli Formation and is controlled by both strata and faults. Ore bodies are characterized by abundant quartz-arsenopyrite-gold-pyrite-bedding veins, veinlets and small lenses within the shear zone. In this study, trace element and REE geochemistry was analyzed to constrain the origin and genesis of this deposit. The trace element signatures of wall rocks and veins display a basically similar tendency in the spider diagram, showing the genetic relationship. The values of Co/Ni, Y/Ho, Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La reflect that the hydrothermal fluids of this deposit were derived from the mixture of multiple sources with marked enrichment of Cl and moderate to high temperature. There is a broad similarity in the chondrite-normalized patterns and REE fractionation between wall rocks and ore bodies, possibly reflecting their similar origin. Based on the difference in δCe and δEu, quartz veins and lenses can be subdivided into weakly negative Ce-anomalies (δCe=0.81 to 1.06) with slight Eu anomalies (δEu=0.81 to 1.06) type and the significant positive Ce-anomalies (δCe=1.13 to 1.97) with moderate negative Eu-anomalies type, probably suggesting physical-chemical changes in the evolution process of ore-forming fluids from the early to late stage. It can be concluded that the ore-forming process may have experienced three stages: formation of the original ore source bed, regional metamorphism and gold mineralization, on the basis of trace element and REE analysis and field observation.

Rare Earth Element and Trace Element Features of Gold-bearing Pyrite in the Jinshan Gold Deposit,Jiangxi Province

Jinshan gold deposit is located in northeastern Jiangxi,South China,which is related to the ductile shear zone.It has a gold reserve of more than 200 tons,with 80%of gold occurring in pyrite. The LREE of gold-bearing pyrite is as higher as 171.664 ppm on average,with relatively higher light rare earth elements（LREE;159.556 ppm） and lower HREE（12.108 ppm）.TheΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio is 12.612 and（La/Yb）_N is 11.765.These indicate that pyrite is rich in LREE.The（La/Sm）_N ratio is 3.758 and that of（Gd/Yb）_N is 1.695.These are obvious LREE fractionations.The rare earth element（REE） distribution patterns show obvious Eu anomaly with averageδEu values of 0.664,andδCe anomalies of 1.044.REE characteristics are similar to those of wall rocks（regional metamorphic rocks）,but different from those of the Dexing granodiorite porphyry and Damaoshan biotite granite.These features indicate that the ore-forming materials in the Jinshan gold deposit derived from the wall rocks, and the ore-forming fluids derived from metamorphic water.The Co/Ni ratio（average value 0.38） of pyrite suggests that the Jinshan gold deposit formed under a medium-low temperature.It is inferred from the values of high-field strength elements,LREE,Hf/Sm,Nb/La,and Th/La of the pyrite that the ore-forming fluids of the Jinshan gold deposit derived from metamorphic water with Cl〉F.

Trace Elements in Fluid Inclusions in the Carlin-Type Gold Deposits, Southwestern Guizhou Province

Fluid inclusions in quartz from the Lannigou and Yata Carlin\|type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma\|mass spectrometry for their trace elements (Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Pt, etc.). The results show that quartz fluid inclusions entrapped at different ore\|forming stages contain higher Co, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn. It has been found for the first time that the ore\|forming fluids responsible for the Carlin\|type gold deposits are rich in Pt. From this it can be concluded that basic volcanic rocks seem to be one of the important sources of ore\|forming materials for the Carlin\|type gold deposits.

甘肃西秦岭地区重要金矿预测模型的建立及资源潜力预测

为满足当前形势下甘肃西秦岭地区金矿勘查开发与战略部署的要求,在甘肃省金矿资源潜力动态评价成果的基础上,总结了甘肃西秦岭地区金矿资源特征、预测模型及资源潜力,初步提出西秦岭地区金矿勘查工作部署建议。西秦岭岩金矿产地有223处,燕山期为主要成矿期。分布于甘肃南部的陇南、天水、甘南地区,矿床类型以岩浆热液型、浅成中-低温热液型矿床为主,在此基础上,修正了李坝、大桥、阳山典型矿床预测模型,建立了早子沟、加甘滩、寨上、小东沟等4个典型矿床预测模型。采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,应用MRAS软件,圈定预测区179处,运用体积法,估算金矿预测量3512.107 t。相较甘肃省矿产资源潜力评价成果(2013年),预测区增加了18处,预测量增加了461.03 t,新增主要分布于以地南、小东沟-天子坪一带等重点找矿地段,预测成果将为甘肃西秦岭地区金矿勘查工作部署提供科学依据。

基于大数据关联规则算法的卡林型金矿床元素富集规律及找矿方法研究

大数据时代的到来,为卡林型金矿床开拓了新的找矿思路。本研究应用关联规则算法,挖掘滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿床内微量元素与金矿化海量数据之间的关联性,提取元素异常组合,分析控制因素,定量构建找矿标志。结果显示矿床内元素异常组合分为4组:(1)强正关联显著富集元素(As、Sb、Hg、Tl、Ag、W和Rb),显示硫化和黏土化作用;(2)较强正关联略富集元素I(Zr、Th、Ta、Nb和Hf)和强负关联强迁出元素(Li和Sr),显示去碳酸盐化作用;(3)较强正关联略富集元素II(Sn、Zn、Ni、V、Co和Cu),显示硫化作用;(4)弱关联基本无富集元素(Cd、Pb、Ba、Bi、U和Mo),与成矿无显著关联。从大数据角度获取的元素异常组合,与学界关于Au主要在去碳酸盐化、硫化和黏土化条件下形成的认识一致。通过关联规则算法分别对与硫化和去碳酸盐化相关的元素建立定量找矿标志。硫化找矿标志:样品中As、Hg、Sb、Tl、W、Ag和Rb等元素内中高含量项数≥1、≥2、≥3、≥4和≥5时,对应的Au矿化分别为≥4.5×10^(-9)、≥47.0×10^(-9)、≥150×10^(-9)、≥500×10^(-9)和≥1000×10^(-9);样品内高含量项数≥1、≥2和≥3时,对应的Au矿化分别为≥150×10^(-9)、≥500×10^(-9)和≥1000×10^(-9);找矿过程中两组指标配合使用,确保不漏矿,高效圈矿。去碳酸盐化找矿标志:样品中Zr、Th、Ta、Nb和Hf含量任意两项出现正异常,认为样品经历过去碳酸盐化作用。定量识别的硫化和去碳酸盐化找矿标志可望在卡林型金矿找矿预测中发挥重要作用。本研究基于关联规则算法分析矿床元素富集规律、控制因素和定量构建找矿标志的方法,也可为其他类型矿床开展类似研究提供新思路。

江东金矿床黄铁矿矿物学和微量元素特征对成矿过程的指示

江东金矿床位于湘东北地区万古金矿田,赋存于新元古代冷家溪群浅变质岩中,矿体受NW向断裂控制,金资源量约12.9 t,成矿规模大,能有效代表万古金矿田的成矿特征。目前,对于该矿床细致的矿相学、元素地球化学以及金的富集机制研究相对较少,限制了对其成矿过程的理解。本文在野外地质工作的基础上,对江东金矿床的成矿阶段进行了划分,通过背散射图像和LA-ICP-MS微区原位分析,获得江东金矿床不同世代黄铁矿的微量元素特征。研究表明,江东金矿床成矿阶段划分为:石英-白钨矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物-金阶段(Ⅲ)和石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ)。根据黄铁矿的结构和微量元素特征,识别出4种类型的黄铁矿:第Ⅱ阶段的粗颗粒自形的Py1a(贫Co、Ni、As、Au)和多孔Py1b(富Co、Ni,贫As、Au);第Ⅲ阶段的Py2a(蚀变围岩中,富As、Au)以及Py2b(烟灰色石英脉中,富As、Au)。不可见金主要以固溶体金(Au~+)的形式赋存于黄铁矿晶格中,且其富集和As关系密切。结合前人研究,推断溶解-再沉淀、围岩硫化作用是江东金矿床主要的金沉淀机制。

右江盆地金、锑成矿过程:来自晴隆锑矿床和泥堡金矿床萤石LA-ICP-MS微量元素研究的制约

位于“滇-黔-桂”接壤处的右江盆地中发育大量的金、锑矿床,金、锑相互伴生,具共生分异特征。然而,金、锑之间的成矿联系和成矿过程异同仍需要进一步的研究工作。萤石作为热液矿床中广泛出现的脉石矿物,前人已经对其开展了大量的研究用于揭示矿床的形成过程。右江盆地中的晴隆锑矿床和泥堡金矿床具有相似的成矿时代以及围岩蚀变特征,是研究金、锑共生分异的理想对象。因此,本文选择晴隆锑矿床和泥堡金矿床中与成矿相关的萤石展开原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素研究,旨在揭示金、锑矿床成矿过程的差异。萤石矿物化学及阴极发光(CL)研究显示,晴隆锑矿床中与成矿相关的萤石沉淀可以划分为三个阶段,第一阶段稀土元素呈LREE富集HREE亏损的右倾特征,第二阶段呈“中稀土(MREE)”富集,第三阶段沉淀的萤石基本继承了第二阶段的稀土元素的配分特征,但ΣREE更低。整体上,随着成矿过程进行,三个阶段萤石ΣREE随着成矿过程逐渐下降,且均伴随Ce的负异常。泥堡金矿床中与成矿相关的萤石沉淀可以划分为两个阶段,第一阶段萤石稀土元素也呈右倾特征,第二阶段萤石呈MREE富集特征,整体上与晴隆萤石大致相似。不同阶段萤石Y/Ho、La/Ho、Tb/Ca和Tb/La图解显示,锑、金矿床中成矿早阶段和晚阶段萤石具有不同成因特征。其中,成矿早阶段萤石主要为热液充填成因,成矿晚阶段与水/岩反应密切相关,随着水/岩反应加剧,大量围岩组分进入流体形成晚阶段萤石。同时,这一过程导致成矿流体pH的逐渐升高和稀土元素总量的逐渐降低。综合分析认为,锑成矿流体为酸性流体,强烈的水/岩反应促使碳酸盐岩围岩溶解形成大量的萤石;同时成矿环境p H的增高和成矿流体温度的降低可能是导致辉锑矿大量沉淀的原因之一;而金成矿流体呈弱酸-中性特征,去碳酸岩化作用不彻底,形成少量萤石并伴生大量白云石,有利于大量含金黄铁矿的形成。通过对已有的锑矿床中辉锑矿及成矿阶段脉石矿物稀土元素研究数据统计发现,成矿阶段脉石矿物稀土元素呈MREE富集特征可能是大量辉锑矿对轻稀土元素(La)的富集作用所导致的。

高纯金中金含量的测定—差减法

高纯金饰品当前是珠宝市场的消费热点之一。为了准确测定高纯金中的金含量,本文应用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定高纯金中银(Ag)、镉(Cd)、硒(Se)、砷(As)、锑(Sb)、碲(Te)、铋(Bi)、铜(Cu)、铱(Ir)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)、锡(Sn)、钛(Ti)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)、铑(Rh)19种杂质元素的含量,联合电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定高纯金中铁(Fe)、铝(Al)、钠(Na)、镁(Mg)4种杂质元素的含量,最后用差减法得到其中金含量。结果表明,实验精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.05%~3.78%,加标回收率为93.0%~109.0%。本方法能够满足高纯金中杂质元素的测试要求,为其中金含量的测定提供了更精准、更环保的检测方法。

滇东南茶花寨金矿床载金黄铁矿LA-ICPMS原位微量元素组成与地质意义

右江盆地是世界上卡林型金矿床最集中的地区之一,盆地南缘的滇东南地区是其重要组成部分。茶花寨金矿床为滇东南地区产于印支运动不整合面附近的代表性金矿床,黄铁矿为主要的载金矿物,其环带特征明显,为认识该区卡林型金矿成矿作用提供了理想的实例。本文在野外考察及镜下观察的基础上,通过LA-ICPMS分析技术,对茶花寨金矿床中不同期次黄铁矿开展了原位微量元素组成分析,以总结不同成矿阶段金的富集特征与关键控制因素。研究结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿存在3个期次:沉积成因的Py1,包括草莓状黄铁矿Py1a和环带状黄铁矿核部Py1b,交代成因的中间环带Py2,热液成因最外侧环带Py3。其中,Py1b富集Sb、Pb、Zn等元素,Py2富集As、Co、Ni,Py3则具有较高的Au、As、Cu、Sb含量和稍高的Se、Hg、Tl含量。三者对比显示,Py2中As含量最高,Py1b和Py2除As以外的其他微量元素含量接近或Py2中含量稍低,二者Co/Ni比值均在0.1附近,表明Py2为Py1b受热液交代改造形成;而Py3中微量元素组成与Py1b和Py2差异明显,指示其热液成因,且Py3中Co、Ni含量相较Py1b和Py2更低,Co/Ni比值在0.01~0.1之间,表明成矿流体温度较低且不富集Co、Ni,Py3中Co、Ni主要继承自Py1b和Py2。该矿床Au主要以晶格金的形式赋存在Py3中,其进入黄铁矿晶格与As、Sb、Cu、Se等元素相关。综上所述,茶花寨金矿床成矿流体为富集Au、As、Cu、Sb、Se、Tl等元素的低温热液流体,在到达赋矿地层后,交代Py1b形成高砷的中间环带Py2,流体中Au受高砷的Py2吸附聚集,在Py3形成过程中沉淀下来,最终以固溶体的形式赋存其中。