Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating...Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating time-series observations of ANPP to derive Water Use Efficiency(WUE;a measure of ANPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on ANPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use changes.Comparing the ANPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation Neutrality objectives of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare ANPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land use.This code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator 15.3.1.We use the MODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).We also consider the relationships between ANPP and WUE.Significant and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if negative.The sign and significance of the correlation between ANPP and WUE may also diverge over time.With further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.展开更多
良好工程实践(Good Engineering Practice,GEP)是以保证产品质量、患者安全、药品生产质量管理规范(Good Manufacturing Practice of Medical Products,GMP)为目的,专用于制药工程项目的实践。本文基于长春生物制品研究所有限责任公司(...良好工程实践(Good Engineering Practice,GEP)是以保证产品质量、患者安全、药品生产质量管理规范(Good Manufacturing Practice of Medical Products,GMP)为目的,专用于制药工程项目的实践。本文基于长春生物制品研究所有限责任公司(简称长春所)现有管理体系及生物制药工程与国际工程项目管理模式,结合GEP技术特点,从用户需求(User Requirement Specification,URS)、计划、设计、变更、质量、移交等关键控制点入手,总结长春所GEP体系建设及其在狂犬病疫苗工程项目中的应用,为疫苗工程项目在风险管理、组织和控制、成本管理及创新和持续改进方面提供技术支持与理论依据。展开更多
基金This study was partially funded by UNDP Grant:BOL/118208(“Laboratorios de Recuperación Temprana”),a study led by Fundación para Conservación del Bosque Chiquitano(www.fcbc.org.bo)to determine forest patches requiring post-fire assisted recovery in the aftermath of 2019 wildfires in Santa Cruz,Bolivia:“Plan Estratégico para la Restauración de lasÁreas Afectadas por los Incendios en el 2019”.
文摘Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating time-series observations of ANPP to derive Water Use Efficiency(WUE;a measure of ANPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on ANPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use changes.Comparing the ANPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation Neutrality objectives of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare ANPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land use.This code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator 15.3.1.We use the MODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).We also consider the relationships between ANPP and WUE.Significant and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if negative.The sign and significance of the correlation between ANPP and WUE may also diverge over time.With further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.
文摘良好工程实践(Good Engineering Practice,GEP)是以保证产品质量、患者安全、药品生产质量管理规范(Good Manufacturing Practice of Medical Products,GMP)为目的,专用于制药工程项目的实践。本文基于长春生物制品研究所有限责任公司(简称长春所)现有管理体系及生物制药工程与国际工程项目管理模式,结合GEP技术特点,从用户需求(User Requirement Specification,URS)、计划、设计、变更、质量、移交等关键控制点入手,总结长春所GEP体系建设及其在狂犬病疫苗工程项目中的应用,为疫苗工程项目在风险管理、组织和控制、成本管理及创新和持续改进方面提供技术支持与理论依据。
