Effect of distribution of fines on evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game

In the realm of public goods game,punishment,as a potent tool,stands out for fostering cooperation.While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem,the associated costs can be substantial.Punishers incur expenses in imposing sanctions,while defectors face fines.Unfortunately,these monetary elements seemingly vanish into thin air,representing a loss to the system itself.However,by virtue of the redistribution of fines to cooperators and punishers,not only can we mitigate this loss,but the rewards for these cooperative individuals can be enhanced.Based upon this premise,this paper introduces a fine distribution mechanism to the traditional pool punishment model.Under identical parameter settings,by conducting a comparative experiment with the conventional punishment model,the paper aims to investigate the impact of fine distribution on the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game.The experimental results clearly demonstrate that,in instances where the punishment cost is prohibitively high,the cooperative strategies of the traditional pool punishment model may completely collapse.However,the model enriched with fine distribution manages to sustain a considerable number of cooperative strategies,thus highlighting its effectiveness in promoting and preserving cooperation,even in the face of substantial punishment cost.

Discreet investors exert greater influence on cooperation in the public goods game

This paper studies the evolutionary process of cooperative behavior in a public goods game model with heterogeneous investment strategies in square lattices.In the proposed model,players are divided into defectors,cooperators and discreet investors.Among these,defectors do not participate in investing,discreet investors make heterogeneous investments based on the investment behavior and cooperation value of their neighbors,and cooperators invest equally in each neighbor.In real life,heterogeneous investment is often accompanied by time or economic costs.The discreet investors in this paper pay a certain price to obtain their neighbors'investment behavior and cooperation value,which quantifies the time and economic costs of the heterogeneous investment process.The results of Monte Carlo simulation experiments in this study show that discreet investors can effectively resist the invasion of the defectors,form a stable cooperative group and expand the cooperative advantage in evolution.However,when discreet investors pay too high a price,they lose their strategic advantage.The results in this paper help us understand the role of heterogeneous investment in promoting and maintaining human social cooperation.

曹伟云教授治疗Good’s综合征合并支气管扩张验案1例

Good’s综合征是一种免疫缺陷性疾病,属于少见病,关于本病的报道并不多,尤其是采用中药治疗的报道少之又少。Good’s综合征患者因免疫力欠佳,易合并感染,尤以合并支气管扩张伴感染偏多。目前,西医治疗多为对症治疗,急性期予抗生素控制感染,但患者病情易反复。本文主要从曹伟云教授对Good’s综合征合并支气管扩张病的中医病因病机和辨证论治等方面展开论述,认为Good’s综合征合并支气管扩张或因初感外邪、侵犯肺系,或因痰热日久、消耗阴液,或因久病体虚、伤及阴阳引起,在治疗上或予以清热散邪,或予以养阴清热、化痰排脓,或予以补阳养阴,同时根据伴随症进行药物加减,通过整体观念辨证论治,扶正与祛邪动态调整,尤以扶正为要,增强患者的免疫力,改善患者体质,迅速缓解患者临床症状,减少病情发作次数和患者住院次数。

The Violent Redemption Theme in A Good Man is Hard to Find

Flannery O’Connor is one of the representative figures of American Southern writers.Being recognized as the most outstanding writer of the American South after Faulkner,she has great influence in the literary world.Her works are always shrouded in a strange and grotesque atmosphere and full of death as well as religious metaphors.The protagonists are a series of American Southern freaks struggling with the crisis of spiritual belief.The protagonists of her novel A Good Man is Hard to Find are a hypocritical believer in the world of sinners and a lost man suffering in the midst of real sin,thus O’Connor uses the highest form of violence-death to bring ultimate redemption to them.In people’s conception,violence and redemption are often opposite to each other,but O’Connor uses bloody and violent plots to explore the theme of religious salvation,integrating and unifying the two contrary concepts to form her unique and profound violent redemption writing.

Convenience on Three Wheels China-made motor tricycles are transforming the way goods and people are transported in Uganda

In most cities,towns and villages in Uganda,Chinamade motor tricycles have become a game-changer for commuters and entrepreneurs alike.

Changes in the Supply of Public Intermediate Goods,Fixed Wage,and the Relative Price in the Harris-Todaro Model

Since the Harris-Todaro model was proposed in 1970,it has played a crucial role in analyzing various environmental and trade issues in developing countries.This paper analyzes the effects of the amount of public intermediate goods provided by the government,the increase in the fixed wage rate in the urban sector,and the changes in the relative international prices of agricultural and manufacturing goods on labor employment,unemployment,and the economic welfare in the context of a small open economy.It also proposes relevant policies to reduce the unemployment rate while improving national welfare.

“Good”Boussinesq方程的多辛算法

考虑非线性“Good”Boussinesq方程的多辛形式 ,对于多辛形式 ,提出了一个新的等价于中心Preissman积分的 15点多辛格式· 数值试验结果表明 :多辛格式具有良好的长时间数值行为·

基于“Good”测试套件的GUI回归测试优化

回归测试在软件测试过程中是非常重要的,同时也是非常费时费力的。为了适应软件测试的需求,提高回归测试的效率,降低测试成本,针对目前GUI回归测试的困难,依据Atif M.Memon等人提出的新的回归测试方法,根据一个"Good"的测试套件对测试成本和"fault-detection effectiveness"的影响,突出一个"Good"的测试套件的特点,给出一个新的回归测试方法。该方法根据测试套件的特点,有针对性地选择合适的测试用例来构建回归测试套件。这样不仅有针对性,同时也优化了测试套件,提高了测试效率。

Good综合征合并肺毛霉菌病1例

患者，女，72岁。因咳嗽、咯痰伴发热5d于2009年7月2日收入院。既往史：2005年因广泛黏膜念珠菌病发现免疫缺陷、胸腺瘤，并发菌群失调、全身多系统真菌感染，经补充丙种球蛋白、抗真菌治疗在我科治愈后出院。

以顽固性腹泻为首诊的Good综合征一例

Good综合征（ Good syndrome, GS）是一种罕见的合并胸腺瘤的成人原发性免疫缺陷病，典型特征为低丙种球蛋白血症、免疫缺陷合并胸腺瘤，该病老年人高发，无性别差异，占胸腺瘤患者的10％，其发病机制尚不明确。主要临床表现为自身免疫性疾病合并反复机会性感染，特别是含荚膜细菌的感染，肺部为最常受累部位。郑州大学第一附属医院收治以顽固性腹泻为首诊的典型GS一例，现报道如下。

“钱学森之问”:以“Good Idea”重塑学术文化范型

梳理“钱学森之问”的时代背景和复杂意蕴,指出其诘问的核心就是呼唤“Good Idea”即卓越学术新思想、新观念之诞生。真正的“Good Idea”,应该是人类精神和物质文明发展史上具有里程碑意义的集中象征,也是作为“新思想孵化高地”的大学学术文化软实力的本质外显。凡是大学学术文化的建设,必须紧紧地围绕着催生和创造“Good Idea”这根精神主轴而予以深度的渐次展开,即要建设弘扬真理、学术本位、原创至尊的大学学术文化之信仰,营造人格自立、个性自由与思想自主的和谐宽松的学术文化环境,建设科学公平、多元开放、珍视创新的学术文化之生产制度(包括学术评价制度)。

小学英语绘本教学中提问设计的研究——基于Good Thinker’s Tool Kit框架

基于“有效的问题设计可以促进学生自主思考”这一理论假设，该课题组教师在瑞士一所小学进行英文绘本教学时开展了实证研究。通过对比实验组与对照组的教学效果及问卷调查，证明以GoodThinker’s ToolKit为指导的问题设计框架可以有效促进学生的心智发展，培养他们自主思考的能力。

Good综合征2例

Good综合征（Good’s syndrome,GS）是一种胸腺瘤相关免疫缺陷综合征,表现为胸腺瘤合并外周血B细胞、T细胞缺陷及低丙种球蛋白血症,易反复继发细菌、真菌或病毒的感染.笔者在此报道2例GS患者并文献复习.

应用Good Point!培养大学生的英语在线学习能力

Good Point!是香港理工大学开发的一个全英在线交流平台,其教学目标是培养学习者的英语在线学习能力,因此将其应用于大学英语教学。通过对比分析前期和后期的在线交流记录、写作记录以及学生反馈探讨该平台的教学效果。结果发现:该平台能有效提高受试的英语在线交流能力、写作能力和英语思辨能力。可见该平台有利于培养大学生的英语在线探究能力,是一个值得推广的教学平台。

Good’s综合征合并支气管扩张1例并文献复习

回顾性分析1例胸腺瘤相关免疫缺陷综合征(Good’s综合征)合并支气管扩张病例,结合最新文献从发病机制分析Good’s综合征患者的常见临床症状、实验室检查结果及治疗策略。因支气管扩张、反复感染就诊时,应警惕其免疫状态,详细了解病史。若当患者有胸腺瘤病史应考虑Good’s综合征作为鉴别诊断。Good’s综合征患者极易出现致死性机会感染,当考虑为Good’s综合征时,应及时给予丙种球蛋白等免疫支持治疗,避免和预防感染。早期免疫状态筛查和积极纠正原发免疫缺陷对于Good’s综合征患者的诊断和预后很有价值。

计算固体表面能的Young-Good-Girifalco-Fowkes方程的理论基础

根据Lifshitz理论在凝聚体系分子间作用方面的应用成果 ,并结合GoodRJ和FowkesFM等人的研究成果 ,阐述了粘附功的色散、偶极和诱导作用分量可用统一的几何方程来表达的理论根据 ;同时 ,根据酸碱作用理论的新成果 ,并通过类比的方法 ,得到了粘附功的酸碱作用分量的四参数方程。如此 ,我们便基本上清楚地阐明了通过接触角来计算固体表面能的Young -Good -Ginfalco-Fowkes方程的理论来源。

“good”Boussinesq方程的平均向量场方法

提出了利用保能量的平均向量场方法求解"good"Boussinesq方法.首先用Fourier拟谱方法得到半离散的"good"Boussinesq方程,再利用平均向量场方法求解半离散的"good"Boussinesq方程,得到"good"Boussinesq方程的平均向量场格式,然后利用"good"Boussinesq方程的平均向量场格式在不同振幅下对孤立波进行数值模拟.数值结果表明平均向量场格式能很好模拟"good"Boussinesq方程中孤立波行为,能精确保持方程能量守恒特性.

Goode-T型鼓膜通气管治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的探讨 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管的短期疗效。方法 33例(39耳)分泌性中耳炎(secretory otitismedia,SOM)患者置入 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管,同期采用国产纽扣状鼓膜通气管治疗患者30例(40耳)作为对照,随访6个月,比较两种通气管的疗效及并发症。结果术后6个月,Coode T 型鼓膜通气管组的堵管、排出和重新置管率均明显低于国产通气管组,P<0.001,差异极显著;术后除2例耳漏外,未发现其他严重并发症。两组患者术后近期听力学检查结果差异无显著性。结论 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管可适用于无置管史的 SOM 患者的短期治疗。

Inclination Towards Good——An Analysis of and Comparison Between the Characters in the Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel Hawthorne not only strongly condemns the belief that men are more evil than good, but also conveys the inclination towards good through the Scarlet Letter. The characters like Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and even the community are the specific examples. Despite the fact that good and evil coexist in human nature, human beings are liable to be strongly affected and controlled by the striving towards good.

Good综合征合并慢性单纯疱疹脑炎1例

患者,男,68岁,因头痛伴恶心、呕吐5 d入院。患者入院前5 d于劳累后出现头痛、头晕,全身不适,发热,体温38.6℃,2h后出现恶心、呕吐2次,呈喷射样,于当地医院行头颅CT及脑电图检查未见异常,给予甘露醇脱水降颅压,症状略有缓解。发病后第4天,头痛伴恶心、呕吐症状加重,并出现胡言乱语、嗜睡，遂来我院。