German doctor Gottlieb Olpp played an important role in Sino-German medical exchanges during the late Qing dynasty.During his stay in China for more than 9 years,he wrote a large number of texts related to local Chine...German doctor Gottlieb Olpp played an important role in Sino-German medical exchanges during the late Qing dynasty.During his stay in China for more than 9 years,he wrote a large number of texts related to local Chinese medical and hygienic conditions.In these works,he introduced traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and its situation at that time but also translated TCM literature.His translations and his achievements facilitated the development of sinology in Germany.Not only was he responsible for the development of the method used by German sinologists in translating TCM literature,but also his work gave an impetus to the combination of academic goals and current considerations in sinology studies.In this way,the study of TCM is the internal force driving the development of sinology.展开更多
关于最优国际储备理论与测度的探讨,"二战"后经历了"比率分析模型"、"成本效益分析模型"、"缓冲存货模型"、"Ben-Bassat and Gottlieb最优化模型"、"基于效用最大化的模型"...关于最优国际储备理论与测度的探讨,"二战"后经历了"比率分析模型"、"成本效益分析模型"、"缓冲存货模型"、"Ben-Bassat and Gottlieb最优化模型"、"基于效用最大化的模型"等阶段。深入剖析其发展脉络,可以明确,一国持有国际储备的最主要目的,是应对一国宏观经济所可能受到的异常冲击,因而一国不但应持有正常的国际储备,还应保有能应对超出这一正常需要的额外储备;而一国持有国际储备总量的最优水平,则应综合考虑持有这些国际储备的福利和为此所需付出的机会成本。中国国际储备问题的研究,应考虑到国际储备的各种枯竭可能性,改善对宏观经济危机或动荡的发生概率的估计,并加强对宏观经济危机后果的测定。因此,若能发展出适合于我国国情,既具理论根据又简单易懂易操作,并且能考虑到内源和外源经济冲击的比率,如适当的国际储备对GDP的比率、国际储备对进口的比率和国际储备对货币供应量的比率,将是合意的。展开更多
The following paper seeks to understand Donald Trump as a“dialectical image”for the contradictions of neoliberal capitalism.Trump’s management style,as described in his Art o f the Deal,combines a fetishizing of en...The following paper seeks to understand Donald Trump as a“dialectical image”for the contradictions of neoliberal capitalism.Trump’s management style,as described in his Art o f the Deal,combines a fetishizing of entrepreneurial risk as a“lifestyle”with the insistence that it is not the entrepreneur but his targets who are ultimately exposed to risk.This suggests that we might understand the elevation of“deal-making”to a lifestyle as a characteristic of modernity that,with neoliberalism,is increasingly coming to the fore.Such a critique of modernity,I further argue,is anticipated by Fichte's Closed Commercial State with its intriguing dialectic of risk.I conclude by arguing that Trump's politics marks the rise of a new,specifically American style of Fascism--one that demands identification not with the state as supra-individual collective,but with an impersonal system governing over individual lives and rendering them precarious.展开更多
基金This study was financed by a grant from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.63202040).
文摘German doctor Gottlieb Olpp played an important role in Sino-German medical exchanges during the late Qing dynasty.During his stay in China for more than 9 years,he wrote a large number of texts related to local Chinese medical and hygienic conditions.In these works,he introduced traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and its situation at that time but also translated TCM literature.His translations and his achievements facilitated the development of sinology in Germany.Not only was he responsible for the development of the method used by German sinologists in translating TCM literature,but also his work gave an impetus to the combination of academic goals and current considerations in sinology studies.In this way,the study of TCM is the internal force driving the development of sinology.
文摘关于最优国际储备理论与测度的探讨,"二战"后经历了"比率分析模型"、"成本效益分析模型"、"缓冲存货模型"、"Ben-Bassat and Gottlieb最优化模型"、"基于效用最大化的模型"等阶段。深入剖析其发展脉络,可以明确,一国持有国际储备的最主要目的,是应对一国宏观经济所可能受到的异常冲击,因而一国不但应持有正常的国际储备,还应保有能应对超出这一正常需要的额外储备;而一国持有国际储备总量的最优水平,则应综合考虑持有这些国际储备的福利和为此所需付出的机会成本。中国国际储备问题的研究,应考虑到国际储备的各种枯竭可能性,改善对宏观经济危机或动荡的发生概率的估计,并加强对宏观经济危机后果的测定。因此,若能发展出适合于我国国情,既具理论根据又简单易懂易操作,并且能考虑到内源和外源经济冲击的比率,如适当的国际储备对GDP的比率、国际储备对进口的比率和国际储备对货币供应量的比率,将是合意的。
文摘The following paper seeks to understand Donald Trump as a“dialectical image”for the contradictions of neoliberal capitalism.Trump’s management style,as described in his Art o f the Deal,combines a fetishizing of entrepreneurial risk as a“lifestyle”with the insistence that it is not the entrepreneur but his targets who are ultimately exposed to risk.This suggests that we might understand the elevation of“deal-making”to a lifestyle as a characteristic of modernity that,with neoliberalism,is increasingly coming to the fore.Such a critique of modernity,I further argue,is anticipated by Fichte's Closed Commercial State with its intriguing dialectic of risk.I conclude by arguing that Trump's politics marks the rise of a new,specifically American style of Fascism--one that demands identification not with the state as supra-individual collective,but with an impersonal system governing over individual lives and rendering them precarious.
