Human Rights Protection in the Context of Ruling the Country by Law

At a conference in Beijing on December 4, 2012 marking the 30th anni- versary of the adoption of the current Constitution, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping pointed out, ＂To fully implement the Constitution is the primary task and the basic work in building a socialist nation ruled by law.＂ He also said, ＂A country ruled by law should be first ruled by the Constitution, and lawful governance should be based on the Constitution.＂

The Accounting Profession： A Descriptive Study of the Common and Code Law Countries

The accounting profession does not have a long history. It is mainly evolved in the last 150 years in the modem sense. Many factors influence the development of accounting and there are many reasons why countries have developed different accounting systems. Among these factors, the relationship between the legal system and the accounting profession is considered worthy of examination. For this purpose, the accounting professions of selected countries are studied. This study clearly demonstrates that the accounting profession in a country has been significantly affected by the judicial system of that country. In addition, the accounting and auditing environment is divided into two separate professions in the code law countries, whereas in the common law countries the profession is mainly organized under one title. However, because of historical or cultural influences, exceptions do exist in countries like Japan, Bulgaria, and Greece.

The Rule of Law in Foreign-Related Affairs in Building China into a Great Modern Country

The call to advance the rule of law in foreign-related affairs is an important component of China's strategic move to a great modern country.In modern times,Western countries have applied rule of law practices in their modernization,demonstrating the values of a sound rule of law system for national strength.In particular,the rule of law,extended beyond national borders,provides a crucial guarantee for a great modern country's sustained,stable,and healthy path,and is also a clear symbol of a country's soft power.As China is progressing to become a great modern country,there is a need to pay a particularly close attention to the rule of law,actively promoting the legalization of foreign-related work.China's stance on the rule of law in foreign-related affairs should include both a principle of defending its core interests and a principle of advocating shared values and of promoting mutually beneficial cooperation.In the context of this era,China's international law professional community should delve into appropriate models that can facilitate smooth progress on the path to modernization,further enhancing the rule of law in China and the successful emergence of a great modern country.

The Treaty of San Francisco From the Perspective of International Peace Movements in Early Twentieth-Century America

The leaders of the Meiji Restoration believed in their master, Yoshida Shoin （吉田松陰）, who claimed that in order for the islands of Japan not to be a colony of the powerful Western states, Japan had to conquer nearby countries. This led to Japan’s invasion of the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria, which ultimately led to the Manchurian Incident of 1931, the Sino-Japanese War, and the Pacific War. Surprisingly, the subject and the timing of each and every one of these acts of war were in the same order of Yoshida Shoin’s proposal on preoccupancy. The Sino-Japanese war of 1894 was romanticized as clearing the barbaric culture by civilization, and the Russo-Japanese war of 1904 was romanticized as the realization of Eastern Peace. However, Japanese policies of aggressions were first deemed illegal by international law during the 1931 Manchurian Incident by the investigations of the League of Nations. The Japanese Empire received the recommendation by the League of Nations to restore to original state, but declined and exited from the League of Nations. Following their exit, they started the Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War and eventually lost in 1945. The goal of the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 was to punish Japan’s aggressions. However, as the Cold War between the East and the West started to arise in 1948, the punishment was eased, and their punishment for the aggressions on the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, and Korea was nearly unasked for. This paper examines the issues of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in the views of the international law of the League of Nations, established by Manley O. Hudson of Harvard University and others in U.S. academia and judiciary.

Characteristics,Indicators,and Methods of Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

Chinese modernization of the rule of law is an important dimension of Chinese modernization;it has some commonalities with the rule of law modernization of all countries but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.The prominent feature that constitutes the Chinese characteristics,Chinese style,and Chinese model,is the adherence to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.It is this feature that determines the difference with Western rule of law modernization.Representingg a new form of human rule of law civilization,the Chinesestyle primarily features the building of a socialist law-based country,government,andSsociety,including centralized,unified,authoritative,andefficient Chinese-style national supervision,as well as the dual existence of constitutional review by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and by the state.Chinese modernization cannot be made possible without the rule of law being modernized and serving as a safeguard.Comprehensive promotion of the rule of law is an overriding approach,and two methods have to be followed specifically:firstly,construction of a modern socialist country in all aspects under the rule of law,and secondly,performance of all work of the state under the rule of law.

区域国别法学的理论内涵与体系架构

区域国别法学作为新兴的交叉学科,在新时代法学教育体系中具有重要的学科地位和时代价值,我国需要以问题为导向,在厘清该学科内涵与外延的基础上,对其进行科学系统的理论建设和学科建设。该学科是对特定国家或地区的法律制度和法律文化进行研究,探究不同国家和地区法律体系的运行规律,从整体上把握该国或该地区的法律特点和法律发展方向,进而探寻不同法律制度之间的共同价值观念与契合点。区域国别法学要始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,坚持习近平法治思想与外交思想,服务于我国涉外法治建设,并为全球治理体系的改革作出贡献。该学科的人才培养,要打破常规,走跨学科、跨院系的协同创新之路,构建国别法律人才“双协同”培养机制。

习近平治国理政的传统智慧及其阐释逻辑——以“治大国若烹小鲜”为例

习近平法治思想从多方面展现大国治理的传统智慧,在方法论问题上,习近平特别提到老子的“治大国若烹小鲜”。从历史逻辑上讲,习近平古语新说,遵循逻辑与历史相统一的辩证法,为“治大国若烹小鲜”注入了更多的新时代内涵。从法理逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”蕴含的传统智慧与全面依法治国、比例适度原则、权力监督制约等现代法治理念和宪法精神深度契合,从总体性、协同性和控制论等不同维度生动诠释了习近平的法治方法论。从实践逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”的治国理念是宪法权衡思维的生动体现,对于在法治轨道上全面推进民主政治、市场经济、和谐社会、先进文化和生态文明等方面的建设具有重要的方法论意义。

加强法治建设,为建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国筑牢基石

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑,统筹推进其一体化发展,基础在于加强法治建设。应立足中国实际,遵循法治规律,坚持顶层设计和法治实践相结合,聚焦党和国家的战略规划,针对实践中存在的问题、人民群众关切的重点问题,以及法律制度的空白点和冲突点,统筹推进教育、科技、人才三大领域的法治建设,具体措施为:统筹推进教育法治建设,优先加快教育立法;完善中国特色科技法律体系,以专项立法助力新兴技术的重点突破;夯实人才领域法治基石,营造以人为本、开放包容的人才发展环境。

中国式现代化进程中执政权的复合逻辑

在中国式现代化的语境下,立足于与传统执政权力视角有别的法理逻辑,执政权可视为认知和解释“党的领导与执政”的元概念,包含权利、权力和权威三重复合要素。作为法学概念的执政权,正当性基础来自事实性权威、规范性权力和价值性权利。以此为基础,执政权相应的义务要求,与“权利—权力”“权利—权威”“权力—权威”的复合逻辑一道,共同型构了执政权的复合性法治逻辑,并通过与“坚持党的领导”“依法执政”“党必须遵守宪法和法律”在理念、规范、实践层面的勾连,嵌入全面依法治国的制度化表达之中,最终得以建立起全新的执政权法治理论体系。

“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”突出优势的内涵、实践和效能

“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”充分彰显了中国特色社会主义法治体系的鲜明特点,是对人类政治文明发展的新贡献。从理论内涵而言,“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”是大国治理和大党治理更加协同高效的最佳途径,也是大国治理和大党治理在保障价值目标实现方面的最佳方式,开创了人类政治文明的新形态。从实践体现而言,“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”主要体现在坚持和加强党的领导、治国理政顶层设计、统筹党政机构等方面,并为在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴新征程上更好发挥其突出优势提供了重要保障。充分发挥“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”突出优势的治理效能,必须把加强党对全面依法治国的集中统一领导作为根本政治保证,把注重党内法规同国家法律的衔接协调作为主要抓手,把统筹推进执法执规体系建设作为基础工程。

全面依法治国背景下公安院校人才培养路径探析

当前国内外环境日趋复杂,各类风险和深层次矛盾交织出现,给公安院校人才培养带来前所未有的挑战,全面依法治国的重要性越发凸显。我国公安院校人才培养重视复合型人才培养、寻求多元化主体合作、采用信息化手段教学,已经形成了较为丰富的公安院校人才培养模式。检视法治育人实效,仍存在法治理念教育有待加强、法治课程体系有待完善、师资队伍质量有待提升、合作共享机制有待优化等问题。鉴于此,公安院校的人才培养应优化教育资源、重视法治思维、加强外部合作、贯彻民主法治。

中国法学自主知识体系建构中的传统法学理论资源现代转换

中国百余年来的法治国家、法治社会及法治政府建构,始终处在西方现代法学知识的强有力影响之下。伴随着中国法治现代化的深入推进,西方法学强势影响下的法学知识体系在实践解释上逐渐显得捉襟见肘,在概念体系及理论逻辑上也暴露出了明显问题,法学自主知识体系建构遂提上了议事日程。法学自主知识体系建构在理论上固然要妥善处理法治实践与法学知识的辩证关系,立足于中国法治实践,坚持马克思主义认识论的指导;同时也要妥善处理好传统与现代的辩证关系,尤其是涉及法学基本概念体系的提炼,以及法学思维方式及理论架构的优化,宜从中华传统优秀法学理论资源中汲取优质理论资源,通过“第二个结合”,获得法学自主知识体系建构的重大成果。

世界教育强国的发展经验:经济社会学视角下的四维分析

世界之大变局总是与教育之大变局相伴而生。回首历史、立足现在、展望未来,“东升西降”的教育发展格局初见端倪且势不可挡。世界教育强国的发展有着诸多共性规律:从观念觉醒到教育形态变革,从引进模仿到自身制度创新,从时代变革到核心问题突破,从自然成长到国家战略驱动,从教育崛起到人才科技赶超,从科教融合到经济社会发展。以文化、人才、科技和经济四个维度为线索,揭示了世界教育强国在发展过程中注重多元文化与价值体系的共意治理,内源培养与外源引进的协同耦合,基础研究与学科交叉的循环推进,教育经费与财政结构的动态驱动等方面的经验与启示。

依法治国视域下基层领导干部法治教育现状及对策

基层领导干部法治素养的高低,直接关系到其能否运用法治方式深化改革与维护稳定。在依法治国视域下,加强基层领导干部法治教育,是提升国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。新时代背景下,地方政府部门深入贯彻习近平总书记的全面依法治国思想,加强基层领导干部法治教育的创新,可以引导基层领导干部树立正确的法治观念,增强其法治意识,提高其依法执政能力,从而推动国家治理向更加法治化、科学化、民主化的方向发展。另外,地方政府部门加强基层领导干部法治教育,是落实全面依法治国战略的重要举措,有助于在全社会形成尊法学法守法用法的良好氛围,推动法治社会建设不断取得新成效。针对基层领导干部法治教育,相关政府部门可以通过完善法治教育内容、创新法治教育模式、健全法治教育制度、完善检查监督机制等,培育基层领导干部处理实际问题和解决矛盾的法治思维与依法执政能力,全面推进依法治国。

高等教育支撑引领强国建设的法治保障:国际经验与中国道路

构建与高等教育强国建设相匹配的国家治理体制与法律制度体系,推动高等教育的良法善治,成为发达国家高等教育强国建设的核心要义。在以德国为代表的大陆法系国家,公法视野下的大学法范式顺应了小科学时代学术创新的基本规律。与此相比,私法视野下的英美大学法范式更加契合大科学时代学术创业的价值诉求。法治发达国家高等教育改革与发展的经验表明,当高等教育法律制度体系与高等教育和科学研究的阶段性特征相契合时,国家高等教育与科学研究的实力将会产生实质性跃升。世界高等教育中心、科技中心、人才中心转移的背后,离不开高等教育法律制度优势的作用发挥。对于中国而言,促进高等教育支撑引领强国建设,呼唤更加健全的法律制度保障:一方面,要明确国家与大学之间的法理关系,厘清高校依法自主办学这一法律制度的内涵,明晰公法与民法两种语境下高校法人的权利能力及其责任;另一方面,要激发高校教师作为专业人员的活力,明晰高校教师作为特殊劳动者的法律地位,摒弃高权管制框架对教师知识产权与创新自由的束缚。

习近平科技创新重要论述的法治化意义

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把科技创新摆在国家发展战略全局的核心位置。围绕实施创新驱动发展战略、加快推进以科技创新为核心的全面创新,提出了一系列新思想新论断新要求,形成了“坚持党对科技事业的全面领导”“坚持走中国特色自主创新道路”“人才是科技创新发展的第一资源”等十多个方面的重要论述。在加快发展新质生产力、高水平实现党的二十大提出的“实现高水平科技自立自强,进入创新型国家前列”目标任务进程中,习近平科技创新重要论述的核心要义应该全面系统转化为科技创新立法的基本规定,不断完善国家创新体系和中国特色社会主义科技法治体系,在法治轨道上全面推动科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略的深入实施,以法治促进高水平科技自立自强和科技创新在我国社会主义现代化国家建设全局中核心地位的落实,不断丰富和发展习近平法治思想的内涵和外延,努力推进中华民族伟大复兴宏伟蓝图的加快实现。

新时代背景下完善法学教育的若干思考

新时代背景下,全球化、多元化、信息化趋势对中国的法学教育提出了新的挑战和更高的要求,法学教育任重道远。法学教育对培养法治人才、全面推进依法治国具有多重实践意义。为有效应对新格局和新形势,需要以法学教育为主题展开深入思考,在此基础上,厘清新时代赋予法学教育的新理念。在回溯法学教育历史的基础上,应当检视不同发展阶段的特点,并针对其中存在的问题找出解决的办法和方案。由此,新时代背景下法学教育应当在塑造职业人格、强化实践力以及培养涉外法治人才上下功夫,以满足国家和社会发展对高端法治人才的迫切需求,法学教育的宗旨、培养计划和目标、教学实践等都要有所调整,保持与时俱进的状态。

全面依法治国视域下大学生法治意识培养模式研究

新时代我国实施全面依法治国方略,高等教育的重要一环是培养大学生法治意识。然而,当前大学生法治意识培养存在的问题和挑战也日益凸显,需要进行深入研究和解决。探讨全面依法治国视域下的大学生法治意识培养模式,并对该模式进行实践与效果评估,探索可行的培养方法,有助于为高校法治教育提供科学有效的参考和借鉴。

On the Theory of Chinese Legal Education in the New Era

The Central Committee of the Community Party of China with Comrade XI Jinping at its core has made strategic thinking and top-level design for Chinese legal education in the new era, put forward a series of new concepts, ideas and strategies that are epochal, iconic, and original, and created a scientific and modernized theory of Chinese legal education in the new era. The theory on Chinese legal education for the new era, as an important part of XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, profoundly answers significant questions about the orientation, goal, status, relationship, management, and system of Chinese legal education in the new era, and guides us to build a leading country in legal education.

第三次联合国海洋法会议缘起之国际政治学分析

第三次联合国海洋法会议是20世纪60、70年代世界历史重大转折的集中体现和重要组成部分,其缘起可在国际政治框架内加以解释。大致而言,四个方面的发展推动了这次会议的召开。一是科技进步和人类开发海洋能力的增强,导致出现了世界范围内的海洋资源和环境污染问题,由此产生了从法律层面抑制单边行动和国家间冲突的需要;二是发展中国家以联合斗争的形式,向以“海洋自由”原则为基础的旧海洋法秩序发起冲击,并提出了一系列扩大国家海洋管辖权的主张,希望重塑整个海洋法秩序以赋予这些主张合法性;三是成长为海洋大国的苏联海洋利益立场发生变化,它主动与美国接触,达成了召开国际会议、确立12海里领海和国际海峡自由过境制度的共识;四是深海采矿需求的出现及其引发的国际海底法律地位问题辩论,成为会议召开的直接动因。以上四个方面在影响第三次联合国海洋法会议之核心议程的同时,也决定了会议的发展中国家与海洋大国之间博弈的基本格局和利益“交易”的本质。