The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

The Role of Traditional Leaders in Governance Structure Through the Observance of Taboos in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie Societies of Ghana

The specific objective of the study was to identify the role of traditional leaders in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie in the governance structure of their societies through the observance of taboos.It was to have a good understanding of what constitutes governance and good governance in the context of the indigenous set-up;to assess the current nature of governance related taboos;and to evaluate the impact of contemporary society on taboos and the consequence of any impact of contemporary society on the taboos on indigenous governance.The research was guided by Creswell’s knowledge on research paradigm to describe a researcher’s philosophical view and conceptualization of reality.The research adopted mixed method approach in achieving the objective of the research by obtaining empirical data for the research questions.Two sets of instruments were adopted for data gathering.The first instrument was an interview guide that was used to solicit structured data from the respondents in order to elicit more candid and objective replies.The second instrument was a questionnaire,which was used in order to gather the exact responses relevant to the research from participants.The study found out that traditional rulers occupy unique position,hence in order to maintain certain standards to please their subjects on whose authority they rule,they cannot avoid observing taboos.It further showed that the Chieftaincy institution is an institution that cannot be done away with.It is recommended that both citizens and non-citizens in these traditional societies should be made to appreciate,respect and observe taboos associated with taboo days as a means to promote unity,peace and governance.

Science and Technology Associations and Social Governance of Britain in the Middle and Late 19^(th) Century

Civil science and technology associations have been widely springing up everywhere in Britain, especially the new industrial towns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Associations held various academic activities, organized and funded scientific research, which played an important role in promoting the progress of science and technology and the development of industrial society. Based on case study on British Association for the Advancement of Science and Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society by academic circles at home and abroad, development situation of British science and technology associations in the middle and late 19^(th) century is summarized, and a series of activities of associations participating in industrial and agricultural development and environmental health reform are systematically sorted out, while the promoting role of science and technology associations in the social development of Britain in the 19^(th) century is explored.

Community Governance in Urban Areas from the Perspective of Social Quality Theory

Social quality theory,as a new theory of social development research,is aim ed at studying the overall social situation through a series of social indicators system from which includes four elem ents: socio-econom ic security,social inclusion,social cohesion,social empowerment and participation. Community governance is the basic platform of society governance. The application of social quality approach to study community governance will give us not only a new analytical tool to assess the effect of com munity governance but also decision-making source to formulate community development policy,so as to give a future vision and direction to community development.

Villagers' Self-governance:Predicaments and Counter Measurements

With the reform and opening up of the rural economy and society,the villagers'self-governance has been in a dilemma in the process.The difficulties are mainly in the insufficient functions of the village committee,the lack of financial resources and inadequate human resources.On the analysis of the situations,the paper gives some practical solutions for the villagers'self-governance to get out of the dilemma by strengthening the construction of rural communities,cultivating diversified village self-government organizations,broadening the village's financial sources and developing rural human resources to promote the formation of the rural civil society.

Reconstructing the Data Crime Governance Model from the Perspective of Criminal Compliance

With the advent of the risk society and the era of big data,criminal law must respond to data crime in a more proactive manner.The traditional way of conviction and sentencing adopted by the current criminal law for data crime can no longer meet the requirements of the times.Compliance should be introduced into criminal law to improve the governance system of data crime.There are three ways to incorporate compliance into criminal law:(1)as the exemption cause of enterprise crime;(2)as the general circumstances of sentencing in the General Provisions of Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China;(3)as the special circumstances of sentencing in the Specific Provisions of Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China.The latter two approaches are more suited to China’s national conditions.

以全政府和全社会方法推动生物多样性治理目标实现路径分析

《生物多样性公约》明确提出生物多样性保护、对生物多样性组分的可持续利用、遗传资源获取及其惠益的公平公正分享三大目标,《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》进一步强调了平衡且全面实现此三项目标的重要性。近年来,伴随中国作为《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)主席国的持续发力,“生物多样性治理”一词的使用频次逐步上升。习近平总书记更是在多个国际重要场合屡次重申中国将致力于强化“生物多样性治理”。在新的历史背景下,需要思考如何通过系统化的生物多样性治理,均衡地推进《生物多样性公约》设定的各项目标,以高水平的生物多样性保护助推高质量发展。针对当前生物多样性治理面临的新挑战和中国的实际国情,基于全政府和全社会方法,本文提出中国生物多样性治理的策略,包括在政府层面明确中央政府、地方政府及相关部门的各自职责,确保各项政策措施的有效执行;在社会层面,倡导科研机构、金融机构、企业、非政府组织、地方社区以及广大公众等多个主体,通过紧密的合作、信息的共享以及协同的行动,共同为生物多样性的治理与可持续发展的推进贡献力量。

组织动员与联动治理:党建引领基层社会治理创新的实践机制——以陕西省S县“五同”工作法为例

在中国式现代化进程中,党建引领基层社会治理创新蕴含着组织动员与联动治理的意蕴,这是观察“中国之理”的重要维度。组织动员旨在激活党组织的政治功能和组织功能,形塑党建引领基层社会治理创新的动员机制。在结构维度上,组织动员依托政治势能健全组织结构,形成体系化动员;在行动维度上,它释放党建势能统合治理行动,促成引领型动员。治理有效离不开动员式治理,更需要联动式治理。基于党组织的制度优势,联动治理以其整合性力量构建党建引领基层社会治理创新的互动机制。从治理维度看,联动治理基于集成联结凝聚治理要素,展现要素化联动;从改革维度看,它通过多维互动平衡好秩序与活力,呈现责任型联动。作为中国特色的治理创新实践样态,组织动员、联动治理与共同缔造的行动理念和基本方略具有内在的一致性和高度耦合性,它们共同彰显中国共产党治国理政的生动图景和治理智慧,这对于促进制度优势更好地转化为治理效能具有启发性。

数字化协同治理的研究进展与未来议程

数字化协同治理是研究数字时代政府治理方式与治理理念的重要线索,被视为政府数字化转型的“下一步行动”,其核心在于利用数字技术打破传统科层制的组织壁垒,促进跨部门、跨层级和跨界协作,进而提高政府治理的透明度、响应能力和服务质量。数字化协同治理主要经历了三个阶段的演进:在1.0阶段,运用信息共享平台打破组织壁垒,提升沟通效率;在2.0阶段,推动跨部门、跨层级协同治理,带来治理结构变革;在3.0阶段,则以全要素系统协同为特征,通过人、机、物等要素的系统协同实现更智能化、人性化的治理。未来,应立足中国情境推动理论本土化,发展连接宏观理论与微观经验的中层理论,深化数字化协同治理的理论研究与实践应用。

乡村社会的公共性困境与治理共同体建设

以建设乡村社会治理共同体来应对乡村社会公共性不足的难题,向世界贡献“建设什么样的乡村社会,怎样建设乡村社会”的中国方案。新时代乡村社会治理共同体具体包括责任共同体、价值共同体、利益共同体,三层结构是相互影响的系统整体。国家通过责任下放、规则下达、资源下沉等方式,推动“社会治理重心向基层下移”,这是乡村治理面临的基本现实背景。以习近平总书记关于基层治理的重要论述为指导,有效应对大包大揽、形式主义、化公为私等公共性困境,凝练乡村社会治理共同体的具体建设路径:对公共责任进行技术性划分,塑造责任明晰的乡村责任共同体,走向“人人有责”;对公共规则进行伦理性调适,凝聚价值自觉的乡村价值共同体,走向“人人尽责”;对公共资源进行产权性配置,营造利益紧密的乡村利益共同体,走向“人人享有”。

Circulating Environmental Logistics Channel for Sustainable Society

This paper suggests the important role of trust as a governance mechanism for the circulating environmental logistics channel for reuse and recycle. Three types of the circulating logistics channels are discussed. The first is the recycle channel, where an actor (a firm) can govern total channel and its flow. In this channel, an actor bears the role of entrance and exit, and processes goods, resources, and waste. It may be called as the closed circulating logistics channel. The second is the recycle channel of kitchen garbage, which is governed by plural actors, such as firms, consumers, and governments, based on trust. This channel may be called as the open circulating logistics channel. The third is the recycle channel with intermediate traders and retailers. This channel may be called as the intermediate circulating logistics channel. It suggests to us that actors with autonomy and volunteerism can promote and make a successful circulating environmental logistic channel under the mutual trust and the cooperative role sharing.

Government Management Innovation in the Age of Big Data

Both opportunities and challenges are currently faced by government management innovation in the age of ＂big data＂. Traditionally, relative studies view the management of governments as the effective means to improve governmental services, without really understanding the structural influence of big data and network technology on governmental mode of thinking. Against such backdrop, this paper tries to conduct critical analysis based upon traditional outcomes in this regard, trying to make full use of the function of big data technology. With these efforts, this paper contributes to the building of an interaction theory that could promote transparency of information and customization and segmentation of the policies. By constructing a mode in which management could be carried out based on the law of big data, by building an information management system in which balance could be achieved between responsibility and freedom, by promoting the rebalancing among public power, online civil society and civil rights, the innovation of governmental management would be achieved.

Trust and Structural Response to Natural Disaster： Some Implications to Government Reform

The Philippine government is a representative democracy. It has three co-equal branches of government namely the executive, legislative, and judicial, operating on the principle of check and balance. Issues that had riddled top officials of government remained unresolved hitherto; and, the local government units had their own lingering issues. The government structure therefore did not seem to have the mechanism to correct itself. This paper argues that responses to, as well as the ensuing conditions of the survivors of natural disasters, are affected by how much trust the incumbents of relevant government structures have of each other and that actors outside of the government hierarchy can offer avenues for reform. Tropical Storm Washi that hit Cagayan de Oro City could be a case in point. It left thousands of people dead or missing, millions of dollars in damages, and thousands of internally displaced persons （IDPs）. The local government, tasked by the local government code to handle matters related to social welfare, did not seem to have performed as expected. In an apparent lack of trust, donor agencies preferred to course cash and relief items through conduits others than the local government. While the system remained unable to correct itself, the victims of the disaster continued to suffer. Civil society organizations and non-government organizations were trying to re-establish people’s trust in the system through legal measures, and hope that electoral reforms could be instituted.

我国城市更新规划的演进与转型——基于“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架

政府、市场与社会的关系决定城市更新的策略与走向。借鉴“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架,以北上广深为例,梳理我国特大城市自21世纪以来城市更新的变迁,阐述其规划响应策略。针对近年来我国城市更新规划策略的转向,分析我国宏观社会经济环境的变化,并就城市更新中的“政府—市场—社会”关系进行解读,随后对城市更新中的战略转向进行探讨。

城镇化快速推进背景下新乡村的空间分化及其治理转向

进入新时代以来,城市化的持续扩张和国家乡村振兴战略的积极推进极大地促进了乡村传统物理空间的迭代更新、传统社会空间的现代性转变以及新型数字空间的全面建设。在城镇化发展较为突出的新乡村,乡村社会从静态稳定的空间状态向流动易变的多维空间复合体迅速转型。基于此事实,为了回应时代发展要求,科学建构与乡村社会发展水平相适应的空间治理范式,有必要深入分析城镇化快速推进地区乡村社会在现代化进程中所展现出来的空间机制和空间变化过程,充分揭示其衍生的多维空间张力,从而为新乡村社会空间治理实践提供理论基础。新乡村社会空间治理须注重乡村社会的多维空间特性及其治理的空间内涵,将乡村空间视为重要的实践对象和治理资源,重视空间正义,尊重村民主体性,科学整合多重空间资源,进而推动乡村社会从静态的“空间中治理”到动态的“空间治理”的治理转向。

新时代我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革的几点思考

为更好适应新时代社会主要矛盾变化,建构我国竞技体育发展新格局,采用文献资料法和访谈法对我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革问题进行分析。认为,我国竞技体育发展中强政府、弱社会的发展惯性仍需进一步打破,社会自组织的发展能力有待提高,政府管理的角色和职能亟需转变。新时代我国竞技体育发展需重视政社关系改革,从强政府、弱社会转变为强政府、大社会发展格局,政府引导社会力量有序发展,并与社会力量合作构建多元治理机制。具体包括:深化“放管服”改革,竞技体育“举国体制”继续做减法;社会力量加强自身建设,在更多领域发挥更大作用;依据经济发展的阶段性特征,有针对性地扶持社会力量成长;根据参与类别,对社会力量发展提供差异化的帮扶;做好市场监管,引导、规范社会力量成长;积极推进政府元治理、行业自治和多元共治。

面向新污染物风险治理的环境监管

基于新污染物“高生物毒性”“环境持久性”以及“生物累积性”三大特征,在传统生态环境监管思维下,新污染物将引致“累积性环境健康风险”“弥散性生态环境风险”“突发性环境社会风险”,面对这一风险叠加的挑战,传统环境监管面临多重困境:一是现行环境监管体系无法解决新污染物环境健康风险的积极预防性需求;二是常规环境监管体系难以应对新污染物生态环境风险的协同性治理需求;三是传统环境监管模式难以满足新污染物社会风险的应急性防治需求。针对传统生态环境监管存在的以上困境,提出以下符合新污染物治理需求的环境监管优化策略:面向新污染物健康风险更新现有生态环境监管体系;对焦新污染物生态环境风险填补生态环境监管漏洞;因应新污染物社会风险破解生态环境监管失灵。面对新污染物治理的风险挑战,结合生态环境监管优化的相关策略,生态环境监管转型的任务应包括以下3个方面:一是确立风险的“积极预防”目标更新生态环境监管体系;二是以全过程、动态化风险协同防控思路补强生态环境监管链条;三是以建构环境社会风险弹性治理机制完善生态环境监管模式。而根据以上思路,面向新污染物风险治理的环境监管优化又蕴含了需从治理的立法目标、规制范围与规范体系等路径,探索制度完善的需求,相应的具体规范内容包括确立生态环境一般法中风险的“积极预防”原则及其适用规则,借鉴“生命周期治理”理念设立新污染物风险全过程协同治理的类型化规则以及构建新污染物环境社会风险的弹性化治理制度等方面。

深刻领悟“治水之道是重要的治国之道”

习近平总书记高度重视治水工作,深刻指出“治水即治国,治水之道是重要的治国之道”,这为我们认识治水与治国的关系提供了遵循和指导。我国历史上就是治水大国,文明起源、大一统国家的建立和发展兴盛,都与治水有着密切联系;进入新时代,治水与国家重大发展战略有机结合,在高质量发展和中国式现代化全局中具有重要地位。文章基于我国悠久治水史和新时代治水的伟大实践,从哲学内涵、历史经验、当代实践等多个角度,深刻领悟“治水之道是重要的治国之道”之内涵要义。