Researching the Impact of the Quality of Village Governance on Farmers’Well-Being:From the Perspectives of Income and Occupational Differentiation

The goal of village governance is to improve the well-being of farmers,so this study aims to measure the impact the quality of village governance on the well-being of farmers.It also examines the heterogeneity of this impact across different farmer groups from the perspectives of income levels and occupational differentiation.To this end,this study developed an indicator system based on survey data collected from 1,442 farmers in the Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Gansu provinces,as well as the Ningxia Hui autonomous region.Multiple linear regression models were then used to analyze this data,and the findings revealed that improvements in the quality of village governance significantly increased the well-being of farmers.Specifically,primary-level empowerment and capacity building were shown to contribute the most to the enhancement of the farmers’well-being,followed by social inclusion,and social cohesion was found to have only a minimal effect.In terms of income levels,improving the quality of village governance benefited middle-income farmers the most,followed by low-income farmers,and it had the least effect on high-income farmers.In terms of occupations,full-time farmers gained the most from improvements in the quality of village governance,followed by off-farm farmers,with part-time farmers benefiting the least.Based on these findings,this study suggests that policymakers should improve the quality of village governance to enhance the well-being of farmers,focusing on the impact that level of income and occupational differentiation have on village governance.

Analysis of New Model of "Rule by Three Committees" and Discussion on Construction of Villagers' Self-governing Organizations in China

This paper introduces the operation model of "rule by three committees", including the members of "three committees", functional constitution of "three committees", and relationship between restriction and coordination of "three committees". By referring to the villagers' self-governing system in China, and the relevant provisions in Constitution and Village Committee Organization Law, we take into account the legitimacy of "rule by three committees". In terms of the details of system design, we perfect the new model of "rule by three committees" as follows: make the conditions of holding office stringent and ensure the quality requirements of members of "three committees"; standardize the procedures of election, and guarantee the equitable election of members of "three committees"; perfect dismissal procedure, and strengthen the supervision on members of "three committees".

Rural Development Transformation and Social Governance from the Perspective of Specialization:A Case Study of Ruiling Village in Guangzhou City,China

The reorganization of the global production network and the increased mobility of urban-rural elements have accelerated the differentiation of rural spaces,resulting in a trend towards specialization in rural areas.This paper focuses on the concept of specialization,and takes a renowned bonsai specialized village in Guangzhou City,China as a typical case to explore its transformation and development process,action logic and coupling mechanism with the social governance.The results show that:1)the development of rural specialization in Ruiling Village is shaped by several key actors,such as local governments,grassroots organizations,villagers,social organizations,policies,markets and infrastructure.The transfer of these key actors and the reconstruction of actor-networks in different stages have an important influence on the transformation and realization of rural development goals.2)Through subjects-driven,organization management and resource connection,social governance supports the specialization of rural industrial organization,operation,technology and mode.The governance structure shifts from decentralization to networking,refinement and integration.A coupling community of social governance and specialization is created by the social governance system of‘local government-grassroots organizationseconomic cooperatives-villagers’,which links industries,industrial chains and cooperatives.3)Social governance integrates into the value chain extension process of rural specialized development with a central,multi-level organizational structure.It promotes the construction of the whole value chain through organizational planning,resource integration and image shaping,thus realizing the value,branding and organization of the industry,as well as the integration of rural sustainable development and governance mechanism.Social governance has a profound impact on the development of rural specialization in terms of subject,structure and mode,and participates in the construction of the whole value chain of rural areas.This paper provides a new perspective for understanding the coupling effect of social governance in the rural development transformation,and promotes the rural sustainable development and governance.

Transition and Contemporary Construction of Filial Culture―From the Village Governance Perspective

Order is foundation of system,and behind system is culture.This article takes filial piety as a researching point which played an important role once in Chinese history.By in-depth analysis of the survival soil of traditional culture and its modern transformation and adjustment,the article explored the real order of the countryside in the social transition stage.Based on this analysis,the article tries to construct a social governance mode which taking“filial piety culture”as the axis.

The Creation of a Tourism Village Governance Model: Study in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

This study discusses the creation of a tourism village governance model by conducting a study in Sleman Regency,Special Region of Yogyakarta.The main problem of the study is:How governance models are in accordance with the cultural,community,and geographical characteristics of rural tourism village in Sleman Regency?The purpose of this research:to create a model of tourism governance in a fair,transparent,and accountable manner while continuing to pay attention to sustainability in a professional manner and to be able to preserve local culture by adapting to the development of contemporary tourism.The research method is using a qualitative approach.The result of the study explains that the tourism village in Sleman Regency is divided into two schemes,namely bottom up from the community and top down from the initiation of the government(cq.Department of Tourism).A healthy tourism village governance model involves stakeholders and shareholders equally.Then,it is necessary to determine the Board of Director(BOD)and agents from the shareholders and stakeholders.Then Board Police Manual(BPM)is made,so that there is no hidden information and hidden action between BOD and agent.In conclusion:(1)The tourism village governance model created is expected to be able to bring justice to the shareholders and stakeholders fairly,because it is carried out based on BPM and GCG guidelines so that it still pays attention to sustainability in a professional manner.(2)The creation of the tourism village governance model is able to preserve local culture by adapting the current tourism development,as in the governance structure illustrated in Figure 1.

Exploring the dynamic evolutionary mechanism of game model on the protection of traditional villages

With the rapid improvement of urbanization and industrialization in countries around the world,how to effectively solve the rapid demise of traditional villages is a social dilemma faced by all countries,which is why a series of relevant protection regulations have been promulgated in different historical periods.However,the formulation of relevant policies is still not scientific,universal,and long-term.In this study,we constructed an evolutionary game model of local governments and residents based on the evolutionary game theory(EGT),which is used to explore the evolutionary stability strategy(ESS)and stability conditions of stakeholders under the premise of mutual influence and restriction.Besides,the study also included the analysis about the impacts of different influence factors on the evolution tendency of the game model.At the same time,numerical simulation examples were used to verify the theoretical results and three crucial conclusions have been drawn.Firstly,the strategic evolution of stakeholders is a dynamic process of continuous adjustment and optimization,and its results and speed show consistent interdependence.Secondly,the decision-making of stakeholders mainly depends on the basic cost,and the high cost of investment is not conducive to the protection of traditional villages.Thirdly,the dynamic evolutionary mechanism composed of different influence factors will have an impact on the direction and speed of decision-making of stakeholders,which provides the basis for them to effectively restrict the decision-making of each other.This study eliminates the weaknesses of existing research approaches and provides scientific and novel ideas for the protection of traditional villages,which can contribute to the formulation and improvement of the relevant laws and regulations.

The Transformation and Governance of Urban Villages with Historic Culture:A Case Study of Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province

The transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture is faced with difficulties such as lack of attention and large-scale demolition and construction,which is not conducive to the continuation of urban characteristic culture.Taking Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province for example,this study explored the transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture from the perspectives of spatial structure,urban function,infrastructure,ecological environment,and community governance,so as to provide a reference for the research and practice of urban villages with historic culture.

Position of Village Regulations and Folk Conventions in the Villager Autonomy System

The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.

Study on Village Renovation Planning and Design Oriented by "Endogenous Development"——A Case Study of Zengjia Village,Guangchang County,Fuzhou City

Through the discussion of the current new rural construction issues,this paper points out a new development idea for the traditional rural construction. We should tap the local resources,stimulate the internal motivation of the village,emphasize the villagers as the main body,leading the village development-oriented renovation planning and design. With regard to the construction of " endogenous development" system,this paper discusses it from five perspectives: ecology,economy,culture,space and society. And combined with the planning and design practice of Zengjia Village,Guangchang County,Fuzhou City,we carry out renovation planning and design of the village from six aspects( " personal in-home interview" for current situation investigation; village spatial control and development planning; guidance for the dominant and diversified development of industry; the actual space environment renovation suitable for the village; continuation of the traditional culture to enhance the village look; enhancement of the participation of villagers in the whole process). It is pointed out that village renovation should not only stay in the improvement of the material environment,but also place greater emphasis on guiding the subjective initiative of the villagers,stimulate the endogenous power of the village,strengthen and guide the villagers' self-governance,and promote the sustainable development of village construction.

Village Governance by Economic Capable Persons： A New Pattern of Rural Politics in China

Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China＇s rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, creating a unique, novel pattern of village governance in China. This pattern has far-reaching implications for the use of power in China＇s villages and for the management of grassroots communities. First, it represents democracy-based authoritarian politics （democracy-authority politics） and a transition away from traditional rural village ＂squireship＂ governance. Second, governance by economic capable persons surpasses the unitary, centralized People＇s Commune governance, replacing it with a pluralistic model that utilizes grass-roots community management. Third, the self-governing pattern that is emerging, wherein the general public participates in a government that is dominated by an economic capable persons, demonstrates a modification of ideal villager self-governance and also a pragmatic invention based on local political realities. In the long run, this new class emergence has the potential to evolve into a new type of localized politics; with further economic differentiation in rural areas, village governance will become increasingly diversified, where governing by capable persons will be just one feasible option. This pattern is already becoming common in many rural areas, especially those where the nonagricultural economy is relatively developed

Restoration and Regeneration of Traditional Villages' Culture under Rural Governance:A Case Study of Zhentou Village in Ji'an County

As the building of a socialist countryside in China is at a critical stage,village rules and regulations,as an important means of rural governance,is also in the orderly construction and operation. However,there still exist obvious shortcomings in the contemporary rural governance,which hinders the active inheritance of the traditional villages' culture. Through the in-depth analysis of the relevant theories of rural governance and the historical culture of Ancient Zhentou Village,this study is expected to exploit the concept of the ancient village's culture in the heart of its dwellers so as to help them to better collect their existing cultural heritage.

Corruption of Village Cadres and Construction of Clean Government in Rural Land Management in China

This paper analyzed the types and causes of corruption of village cadres in rural land management in China. On the basis of current corruption situation,it came up with recommendations including improving the financial system at the village level,establishing land information network,and reforming functions of village committees in the land management,in order to prevent corruption of village cadres in the land management and establish and improve the clean government mechanism for village cadres.

Research on Characteristics of Main Body and Role of Farmers and Government in Socialist New Village Construction

This paper expounds the connotation of main body of new socialist village construction,and the duplex main body characteristics of farmers and government.It points out that the main body of society should be the state holding public power,and the main body of nature or practice is the farmer who participates in production and living activities in rural areas and supports the existence of rural society.It also expounds the dominant position of duplex main body in new village construction,wherein the government is the main body which administers public power in the field of public power in new village construction,while the farmer is the main body who administers private rights in the field of non-public rights in new village construction.It generalizes and unravels the role of duplex main body of farmers and government in new village construction,and analyzes the relationship of role of duplex main body between government and farmers as follows:the government dominates over rural development,and the government,as main body,plays dominant role in the field of rural public power and construction of social environment,while the farmers are main participators and constructors,who play significant role;in construction of rural non-public power field,the farmers play the role of main body,and the government plays the role of guidance and service.In new village construction,the government and farmers play the role abreast,which is an important prerequisite and guarantee of constructing new village.In the process of government's fulfilling responsibility in new village construction,the outdated administrative concept exists,and in the process of administering and promoting new village construction,the farmers' quality is yet to be promoted.As for these problems,three countermeasures are put forward as follows:transform concept;transform style of work and transform and exert advantage of organization.

Reflection on Traditional Villages

This paper analyzed the current situation,types,and problems of traditional villages,discussed the conception of the integration of planning design and planning implementation targeting the defects of the planning design of the conservation and development of traditional villages as well as the disconnection between planning and implementation,and expounded the exploration of the economic development and tourism development of traditional villages as well as the reflection on"homestay fever",environmental governance,preservation of traditional dwellings of traditional villages.

Villagers' Self-governance:Predicaments and Counter Measurements

With the reform and opening up of the rural economy and society,the villagers'self-governance has been in a dilemma in the process.The difficulties are mainly in the insufficient functions of the village committee,the lack of financial resources and inadequate human resources.On the analysis of the situations,the paper gives some practical solutions for the villagers'self-governance to get out of the dilemma by strengthening the construction of rural communities,cultivating diversified village self-government organizations,broadening the village's financial sources and developing rural human resources to promote the formation of the rural civil society.

村治的“私”化:激发村民主体性的基础逻辑——基于水城区积分制实践的社会学阐释

当前乡村社会面临内生性治理力量式微的治理困境,主要表现为内生治理主体缺位、村民主体性缺失,由此阻碍治理有效乃至乡村振兴目标的推进。水城区的“诚信积分制”从村民主体视角出发,以清晰化逻辑将村级“公务”具象化为个体层面的“私务”,基于村民“私”的行动逻辑与家本位观念,人为构造出个人行为与自身、家庭成员及全村利益关联的行为责任连带机制,由此驱动村民的公共参与行为。同时,在物质利益和面子心理的关联下,村民的行动单位逐渐由家户之“小私”朝着乡村社会之“大私”演进,制度建构的连带公共治理义务被内化为村民的自发参与行为,现代村落共同体日渐生成,村庄有效治理目标逐步达成。

空间重构:数字赋能乡村治理的实践逻辑与优化路径——基于浙江省德清县W村的案例分析

数字赋能已成为我国推进乡村振兴战略和提升乡村治理效能的重要支撑。数字技术向乡村持续渗透与覆盖,使乡村地域系统的实践、社会和文化空间均发生了不同程度的转变。以浙江W村的数字乡村治理实践为案例,探究乡村空间重构的内在逻辑,阐释微观实践空间形态与村民治理行动的相互影响。数字乡村空间重构的逻辑包括实践空间的理性建构、社会空间的关系重组和文化空间的价值重塑。空间重构对于推动数字乡村建设行动具有积极作用,但实践中也存在实践空间设计的弹性缺失、社会空间的活力受限和文化空间的体验落寞等问题。因此,数字乡村治理需要因地制宜,结合地方发展实际,激活乡村空间中的内生动力,促进乡村地域空间的“活化”;确立乡村空间中的地方秩序,推动制度规则的“再造”;唤醒乡村空间中的历史记忆,推进文化资源的“重生”。

乡村是如何争取政策资源的——一个“发展型村庄”的解释框架

政策下乡是推动中国乡村发展的重要支撑力量。在这一背景下,处于相同宏观制度环境的村庄,虽然具有相似的自然地理条件、资源禀赋特征,但在资源争取的结果和效率上却相去甚远,有的村庄甚至实现了从“缺资源”到资源“多”且“优”的转变。因此,观察村干部究竟是如何有效争取更多政策资源的,具有特殊意义。以河南省兰考县Z村为个案,尝试挖掘村庄争取政策资源的经验事实背后的“隐秘”维度,提炼出“发展型村庄”的解释框架,即以村治为主、以政绩为辅,确保争取政策资源优势的可持续性。这是一种脱胎于国家干预主义、有助于激发村庄内生动能的制度性实践,对全面推进乡村振兴具有重要意义。

找回集体:内生型集体经济发展与村社集体治理能力提升

发展壮大农村集体经济,是实施乡村振兴战略的重要经济基础。基于山东省临清市农村集体“三资”清理的典型案例,探讨内生型集体经济发展的内涵和优势。通过产权制度改革和产业经营发展集体经济的尝试,仍然是外部资源输入式的经营逻辑;而“三资”清理正是内生型集体经济发展的重要方式,借助政策合法性、集体土地制度正义性和村庄公共话语来收回被个体村民侵占的集体土地,实现村集体收入的增加和集体体制的激活。内生型集体经济发展并不追求主体上的完全市场化,经营上更多依靠村社集体对土地资源的统筹和调控能力,目标是实现与全体村民的良性互动并调整村社内部利益关系。在具体实践中,通过加强集体对土地的控制权、提高村社集体统筹能力、重建村庄公共性和凸显实体化集体定位,实现通过发展内生型集体经济来提升村社治理能力的目标。集体经济在发展过程中要找回具备自主性、嵌入性和公共性的集体,发挥集体经济社会性、政治性和经济性等综合功能。

乡村治理共同体视角下农民集体决议法治化的双重样态与实现路径

基层政府、人民法院、乡村自治主体形塑了乡村治理共同体。乡村治理共同体内部理应呈现出的行政行为介入规范自治、司法权力嵌入保障私权、自治主体纠偏回归法治等预设样态,是农民集体决议法治化的应然图景。然而,行政行为偏差、司法裁判冲突、自治秩序混乱等治理乱象表明,治理共同体内部存在的行政机关权责失衡、司法机关审理规则不明、自治主体落实约束制度缺位,已然成为农民集体决议法治化面临的现实困境。立足于村民自治与国家法治的融合发展,以细化权责清单、统一司法规则、完善制度保障为依托,厘清行政机关介入农民集体决议事项的权力限度与责任范围、明确司法机关处理农民集体决议纠纷的案由类型与撤销权客体、强化自治主体重作农民集体决议的内部约束与司法约束,是农民集体决议法治化的重要路径。