A Study of Xi Jinping Thought on Governing the Country Based on the Unity of “Party Spirit-People’s Nature”

The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the basic line of the “leadership and unity” of the party in the early stage of socialism around “one center,two basic points”;Xi Jinping’s so-called “unification”,which is based on the the basic line of Deng Xiaoping’s initial stage of building a socialist country that is “rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and beautiful”,has further established the importance of “people as the center” and “party’s leadership”.Therefore,the “people-centered” and “the party’s overall leadership” are unified and become the basic idea of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s governance of the country.Xi Jinping has put forward the unity of “party spirit-people’s nature”,the “consistency” between governing the country and politics,and the “integration” between the people’s interests and the party’s leadership,thus forming “persistence”,“comprehensive”,“confidence”,“maintenance” and other assertions.

A Probe into the Third-party Intervention Mode in Environmental Management

In environmental management,the absence and offside of the government,enterprises carry heavy burden,all these phenomena require a third-party to exercise part of the power instead of the government or the enterprises and also take on part of their responsibility.

Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

Position of Village Regulations and Folk Conventions in the Villager Autonomy System

The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING REGISTRATION OF SHIPS

Chapter Ⅲ Nationality of Ships Article 15 A shipowner applying for the nationality of a ship shall, in addition to the Certificate of Registration of Ship’s Ownership, submit the following docu-ments according to the ship’s navigation zone: 1. For ships engaged in international voyages, the valid technical documents of the ship issued by an authorized organization for survey of ships in accordance with

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING REGISTRATION OF SHIPS

Chapter Ⅴ Registration of Bareboat Charter Article 25 In any of the following cases,the shipowner and the charterer shall apply for the registration of barehoat charter: a. A ship of Chinese nationality hareboat chartered to a Chinese enterprise; b. A ship of foreign nationality hareboat chartered to a Chinese enterprise; c. A ship of Chinese nationality

Financial innovation and its governance:Cases of two major innovations in the financial sector

The power of financial innovations to affect societies on global and intergenerational levels compels us to ask how we can ensure their responsible emergence in society.This requires an understanding of how innovation occurs and how it is governed in practice.Despite this,there is little research on the process and governance of financial innovation.The few studies conducted in this area have focused on the‘backend’of the innovation process.Therefore,using data from secondary sources,this study investigates how two major financial innovations occurred and were governed,and it discusses the findings in relation to those in the literature.This approach revealed that innovation processes fall within a continuum ranging from structured to unstructured.Moreover,lead times are potentially longer for innovations that are significantly disruptive,new to the market,and technological in nature.Finally,innovation processes can involve multiple stakeholders who use both statutory regulation and self-regulation for innovation governance.This paper concludes that innovation processes and their governance can vary significantly according to different areas of the financial landscape and associated innovation contexts.Thus,there is a need for more empirical work to understand such variability and practices in the sector as a whole.

The third-party regulation on food safety in China:A review

Stakeholders in the field of food safety management in China can be classified into three categories, government, food producers （farmers and enterprises）, and the third-party regulatory bodies. The third-party regulation has experienced rapid development in past twenty years, and recently received considerable attention from consumers and the central government. This paper provides a review about the development, problems and future trend of the third-party regulation on food safety in China. To be specific, five forms of the third-party regulation are assessed, including media exposure, the third-party certification, regulation by consumer associations, social movements promoted by non-governmental organiza- tions （NGOs）, and regulation by industry associations. The study concludes that media and consumer associations are the major players in the third-party regulation and are highly repudiated among customers. The food certification industry has developed rapidly, but is now facing crises of confidence among consumers because of its lack of self-regulation. NGOs and industry associations still remain in the early development stages of food safety management, and therefore, are of little importance in current regulatory bodies.

A Research on Government Regulations on High Price and High Vacancy in Real Estate: A Case Study of the Southern District of Qingdao City

Real estate plays a vital role in national economy and contributes a lot to social development. However, the rapid progress that has been made brings some problems, such as high price and high vacacy. This thesis takes Southern District of Qingdao City as an example to illustrate government regulation concerning real estate, and at the end some suggestions are provided.

The Politics of Local Regulation in Tanzania:The Quest for Multilevel Regulatory Governance

Regulation is currently perceived as an art and craft of governance where the regulatory processes are an outcome of interdependences between political actors,bureaucrats,business community,and the public at large.However,it is now extensively recognized that this interdependency is beyond one level of government particularly in the era of decentralization where regulatory outcomes are a result of a complex set of interacting levels.This study concedes that regulatory processes are intrinsically political endeavor.Principally,local government regulatory processes are characterized by multiple actors at different levels of governance,i.e.,the local government itself and stakeholders within its jurisdiction and the central government.In fact power dispersion has a vertical direction consisting of actors stemming from different governmental levels as a consequence of decentralization.The complexities of the relationships of multiple actors at different levels of government and across the same level of government create a number of risks that jeopardize quality local regulation that need to be managed calling for multilevel regulatory governance anchored on effective stakeholder engagement and coordination.Particularly,engagement with local government during the design of new regulations is largely poor resulting in a missed opportunity to have informed decisions that enhance quality local regulation.To augment multilevel governance,it is imperative to improve the interface between central and local government with local authorities recognized as“co-producers”of regulatory outcomes.Effective implementation of Regulatory Impact Assessment(RIA)that safeguards proper analysis of proposed and existing regulation is of paramount importance to ensure evidenced based regulations,analysis of cost implications for the local government,the capacity of LGAs in to implement as well as legitimacy of regulations.Therefore this study examines the political tradeoffs between the central and local government and among other stakeholders.

Order of Precedence Between Local Laws of Cities with Subordinate Districts and Regulations of Provincial Governments Clarifying Premises for Discussion Based on the Characteristics of Laws

The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.

Regulations governing clinical application of human organ transplant in China

To regulate human organ transplant, guarantee the quality and safety of the operation, protect the health of the people, the Health Ministry of China issued Regulations governing Clinical Application of Human Organ Transplant on March 27, 2006, which is to be put into effect on the coming July 1. The regulations contain 5 chapters and 47 articles including general principles, registration of diagnosis and treatment, clinical management, supervision, and supplementary items.

Political Parties Have a Role to Play in Innovating upon in Global Economic Governance:Sidelights of "The CPC in Dialogue with the World 2016"

BETWEEN OCTOBER 13 AND 15,2016,hosted by the International Department,the CPC Central Committee and organized by the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee,the CPC in Dialogue with the World 2016was held in Chongqing.Themed'Innovation in Global Economic Governance:Initiatives and Actions of Political Parties',the annual event was

Party Regulations

THE Communist Party of China （CPC） Central Committee released two documents on May 27 to standardize the Party＇s internal rule-making process and improve the development of intra-Party regulations.

ChinAfrica briefly introduces the latest Chinese Government regulations

Foreigners Included Foreign employees in China will be entitled to the same social insurance benefits as Chinese nationals when the new Social Insurance Law goes into effect on July 1, 2011,according a senior official with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Target groups include foreign workers employed by Chinese and overseas-fund-

Economic Responsibility Audit Transformation and Development of Township Party and Government Leading Cadres - Problems and Countermeasures

With the implementation of a series of policies to support rural development,such as the national rural revitalization strategy and poverty alleviation,the economic responsibility audit of township party and government leading cadres has been given new responsibilities and missions.However,some grass-roots audit institutions are faced with practical difficulties such as the solidification of audit thinking,slow progress of audit informatization construction,and large gap of grass-roots audit resources.The only way to overcome the difficulties is to explore the transfonnation of the economic responsibility audit and countermeasures of the township party and government leading cadres by tracing the source and adapting measxires according to the difficulties.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Rural Low-carbon Economic Development and Government Regulation

This paper analyses the main factors causing sluggish development of rural low-carbon economy in China as follows:the rural energy structure is irrational;the infrastructure and technology are relatively backward;system of laws,regulations and policy is not sound;fund-raising mechanism develops slowly;farmers' low-carbon awareness and ability are limited.On the basis of these unfavorable factors,from the perspective of government regulation,feasible strategies are put forward in line with the actual situation of rural low-carbon economic development in China.