A Model to Analyze Small and Medium Enterprises＇ Training Needs Related to the Internationalization

Formal training can play a particularly important role in supporting the internationalization of small and medium enterprises （SMEs）. However, the demand for education services by the latter still appears limited. This is due to known structural and cultural limits that are found widely in this type of business and to the fact that the provision of training---especially that which is funded^oes not seem to address adequately SMEs＇ needs; in many cases, such training is not stimulating, because it is perceived as too general. In fact, SMEs do not constitute a single homogeneous group and therefore assistance needs vary among the different types of firms. So, especially in relation to internationalization, it is clear that there are important differences to consider due to the variety of approaches and ways of developing this process. In order to optimize the resources to invest in the promotion of training, there is a need to find a proper balance between providing ＂viable solutions for all businesses＂ and offering ＂targeted responses and tailored services＂. In such a context, the main objective of this paper is to identify and systematize the variables that most influence the SMEs＇ training needs related to internationalization by taking into account the differences among them. To this end, an empirical analysis was developed involving a significant number of Italian SMEs by using a combination of qualitative research methods. The results show the critical issues faced by the investigated firms during their internationalization process and highlight some important variables that affect their training needs： export involvement, characteristics of the product/market, characteristics of the company, exporting strategy, and human resources. Based on these variables, the writers identified clusters of firms characterized by similar needs and problems to be faced.

ICT Service Platform Promotes Small and Medium Enterprise Informatization

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) service platform,combined with information technology,communication technology and corresponding applications,is essential for small and medium enterprises to realize their informatization. The broadband business platform put out by China Netcom provides new generation of integrated ICT services which focus on service and would be rented to customers. Broadband business platform could satisfy varieties of informatization demands made by small and medium enterprises such as low investment,fast reaction,individuation and security. It could effectively assist small and medium enterprises to achieve informatization.

Delivery Service Management System Using Google Maps for SMEs in Emerging Countries

This paper proposes a Delivery Service Management(DSM)system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)that own a delivery fleet of pickup trucks to manage Business-to-Business(B2B)delivery services.The proposed DSM system integrates four systems:Delivery Location Positioning(DLP),Delivery Route Planning(DRP),Arrival Time Prediction(ATP),and Communication and Data Sharing(CDS)systems.These systems are used to pinpoint the delivery locations of customers,plan the delivery route of each truck,predict arrival time(with an interval)at each delivery location,and communicate and share information among stakeholders,respectively.The DSM system deploys Google applications,a GPS tracking system,Google Map APIs,ATP algorithms(embedded in Excel Macros),Line,and Telegram as supporting tools.To improve the accuracy of the ATP system,three tech-niques are applied considering driver behaviors.The proposed DSM system has been implemented in a Thai SME.From the process perspective,the DSM system is a systematic procedure for end-to-end delivery services.It allows the interactions between planner-driver decisions and supporting tools.The supporting tools are simple,can be easily used with little training,and require low capital expenditure.The statistical analysis shows that the ATP algorithm with the three techniques provides high accuracy.Thus,the proposed DSM system is beneficial for practitioners to manage delivery services,especially for SMEs in emerging countries.

Government Intervention and Support on SMEs Firm Performance

The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the na­tion’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provi­sion of innovative products that meets the need of the people.SMEs are key players in the economy,through sustainable development goals(SDGs)enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation,promoting inclusive and sustainable in­dustrialization should be the core of any country government.This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors-Hospitality,Education,Health care,Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logis­tics organizations.The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety-seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using(Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis)with Statistical Packages for Social Science(SPSS)version 25.The results of the study reveal that gov­ernment intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria.Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administra­tors,entrepreneurs,and business managers to ensure that relevant interven­tion programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.

Technological Readiness as Mediator to Adoption of E-Governemnt Services in Zanzibar SMEs

The aim of the paper is to explore e-government services technological readiness as a mediating factor impacting the development of Zanzibar SMEs. The ultimate objective is to provide actionable insights and recommendations that could inform future strategies and policies to enhance Zanzibar SMEs on the successful implementation and acceptance of e-government services in Zanzibar. The study involves SMEs which are Small and Medium Industries Development Agency (SMIDA), Zanzibar Association of Tourism Investors (ZATI) and Zanzibar National Chambers of Commerce (ZNCC). Quantitative research design holds significant merit for this study, whereby primary data was in this study ensures that all variables are accurately and comprehensively captured. The study involved 384 respondents. Survey questionnaire used to collect the required information. Generally, the results displayed that, while Technological Readiness does not exhibit a mediating effect between either Human Resource Capital or Financial Source Capital and E-government Services Adoption, it does play a significant mediating role in the relationships of both Government Policies and Information Communication Technology with E-government Services Adoption. This highlights the importance of considering intermediary factors like Technological Readiness when understanding the influences on E-government service adoption to Zanzibar SMEs.

数字政府建设促进小微企业创业了吗?——来自浙江省中小企业公共服务平台的证据

数字政府建设是优化营商环境、激发市场活力的重要手段,在促进中小企业创业中发挥重要作用。政府数字化企业服务平台是应用最广的数字政府建设载体之一。本文以浙江省中小企业公共服务平台建成运营为准自然实验,结合浙江省小微企业注册数据,对数字政府建设的创业促进效应进行实证估计。结果发现,通过提供市场信息和匹配服务需求,浙江省中小企业公共服务平台建设降低了市场进入壁垒,促进了小微企业创业,且该创业促进效应在创业环境差的地区更显著。

民营粮食收购企业供应链融资模式选择的影响因素研究

论文针对东北三省中小民营粮食收购企业存在融资难的问题,选取东北三省中小民营粮食收购企业收储供应链为研究对象,首先,通过问卷调查得出:一是这类企业选择供应链融资模式频率由小到大依次为“应收账款类融资模式”“信用类融资模式”“存货类融资模式”;二是在下游购销企业主导的粮食收储供应链金融中,以其自身资质向中小民营粮食收购企业提供担保的意愿不高;三是中小民营粮食收购企业认为政商关系总体在合格以上。其次,运用多变量Probit模型,得出供应链融资模式选择影响机理:贷款期限对信用类融资模式选择有显著的正向影响,政府对这类企业的服务水平正向影响着存货类融资模式选择。最后,得出政策启示:政府应提高服务水平精准到选择存货类融资模式的企业,通过优质中小企业梯度培育政策鼓励中小民营粮食收购企业兼并,鼓励银行扩大资产负债率的融资条件到8%—20%。

财务共享服务视域下中小企业业财融合的策略研究

在大数据时代,中小企业应抓住信息技术变革给财务变革带来的机遇,探索财务管理与企业各项经营管理活动的融合路径,加速财务转型,实现中小企业财务管理战略目标。文章首先界定财务共享、业财融合内涵,通过问卷访谈了解中小企业管理需求,剖析财务共享下中小企业业财融合发展中存在的问题并提出对策,旨在为中小企业实施业财融合提供思路。

中小企业数字化转型融资赋能机制的演化博弈——基于供应链金融视角

改善中小企业融资困境,加速中小企业数字化转型,对中小企业高质量发展具有重要意义。核心企业通过数字化服务平台支持和信贷担保支持,可以有效地为中小企业数字化转型融资赋能。从供应链金融视角切入,融合数字化服务平台和政府补贴,设计核心企业为中小企业数字化转型融资赋能的机制,通过演化博弈模型分析机制有效性,通过数值仿真进一步探寻初始积极策略比例、政府补贴、参与成本等不同因素对机制效果的影响。研究发现:中小企业、核心企业、金融机构选择积极策略的初始比例越高,博弈系统收敛到帕累托最优状态的概率越高;政府补贴有助于中小企业数字化转型融资赋能机制顺利发挥作用,但在博弈主体初始积极策略比例较低时的边际效用较弱;降低博弈主体的参与成本是促进博弈系统向帕累托最优状态演化的重要途径。

政企融资平台下中小农机制造商的融资决策与优化

基于政企融资平台的背景,以一个资金受限的中小农机制造商和经销商组成的两级供应链为研究对象,探究了中小农机制造商的融资决策和优化问题.通过建立供应链Stackelberg博弈模型,得出供应链成员在不同模式下的最优融资决策和最优值.结果表明:政企平台融资模式总是优于银行融资模式;银行融资模式下,产品成功率与利率和批发价格成反比,与订单数量成正比,且初始资金的变化不会影响均衡解;政企融资平台模式下,初始资金、产品成功率均不会影响均衡解;无论在何种融资模式下,提高产品成功率都会对整个供应链有益,并通过数值分析验证了结果的真实性.最后,探讨了政企平台融资模式的适用情境:初始资金和政府补贴较低,生产成本较高的中小农机制造商更倾向于选择政企平台进行融资.

台湾信保基金发展模式对省域政府性融资担保体系建设的经验与启示

为支持中小企业融资,20世纪70年代我国台湾地区设立了政策性中小企业信用保证基金,其独特的机制设计形成了政府、银行和担保机构合力助推中小企业发展的良性格局,对促进区域经济复苏、应对经济周期波动起到了保障支撑作用。为研究台湾地区信保基金发展模式,总结提炼经验做法,本文系统阐述了台湾信保基金治理结构、业务发展、风险管理、银担合作、配套制度等情况,梳理了典型经验与运营成效,比较了台湾地区和中国内地省域政府性融资担保发展特点,并提出完善省域政府性融资担保体系的政策建议。

基于Web Service的中小型企业信息平台设计

结合长三角区域中小企业信息化的实际,提出基于Web Service的适应分布、自治和数据变化的企业信息平台解决方案,达到企业信息系统的动态集成共享目标,阐述了该平台的系统架构和实现机制。该框架以企业信息系统及相关数据库为底层支撑,采用Web Service将信息系统交换数据接口和方法封装为标准服务,通过服务的发布与发现机制,实现企业信息资源的发现、传递和共享。最后结合企业实际,给出了以统一门户形式面向企业管理者以及面向客户、供应商实现登录的应用示例,验证了相关技术,可为企业信息化的实施提供借鉴。

“政府市场规制+核心企业绿色采购”视角下中小制造企业污染治理策略演化

为破解中小制造企业污染治理困境,探索多主体协同治理新路径,本文构建由地方政府、核心企业、中小制造企业构成的三方演化博弈模型,研究地方政府通过市场规制作用于核心企业,核心企业借助供应链主导优势倒逼中小制造企业污染治理的机理,以及合作共治成为演化稳定均衡的条件和影响因素。研究表明:(1)核心企业主导治理的成本越小、声誉奖励或惩罚越大,越能促进核心企业主导治理,而税收优惠规制手段只有在主导治理成本大于两倍的声誉奖励或惩罚时,才发挥正向激励作用。(2)核心企业绿色采购提升了中小制造企业污染治理积极性,而金融机构绿色信贷作为平衡中小制造企业收益的补充方式,在采购量带来的额外收益小于两倍的治理成本时将发挥正向促进作用。(3)媒体曝光率在中小制造企业污染治理净收益大于不治理净收益时,发挥正向激励作用。(4)博弈主体成本收益满足一定条件时,系统演化稳定于理想的均衡状态(1,1,1)。“地方政府市场规制+核心企业绿色采购”视角下三方行为演化机理的研究,为中小制造企业污染协同治理提供了创新思路。

基于Web Services技术的中小企业虚拟运营模式构建

针对我国中小企业生产规模小、核心竞争能力弱、资源整合手段缺乏等问题,利用Web Services技术完好的封装性、松散的耦合、使用协议的规范性、使用标准协议规范、高度可集成能力以及跨平台性和开放性等优点,提出了一种适合我国中小企业发展、以UDDI为设计核心的虚拟运营信息集成模型,并分析构建了包括捕捉市场机会、确定目标、成员伙伴选择、组织机构创建、运行维护和联盟解散等6个阶段的基于WebServices技术的虚拟运营企业模式。该虚拟运营模式消除了联盟企业因缺乏信任而导致的不稳定因素,克服了传统虚拟企业非优势能力闲置的问题,为中小企业实现资源整合提供了一种新的思路.

政府补贴对专精特新中小企业创新能力的影响--来自长三角地区的证据

专精特新中小企业是我国创新创造的主力军,现有研究证明补贴是政府扶持科技创新的有效手段。长三角地区是中国中小企业集聚地,也是创新能力最强的区域之一,且区域内产业发展具有差异化特点,因此本文选取2016—2020年浙江、上海、江苏、安徽四省市109家A股上市的专精特新中小企业作为研究对象,采用固定效应模型和泊松模型分析政府补贴对专精特新中小企业创新能力的作用和区域异质性。结果表明:总体上政府补贴对企业的创新能力提升有正向影响,政府补贴通过缓解融资约束、促进企业创新合作机制激励专精特新企业创新,但具体效果因产权性质、行业性质和知识产权保护程度不同而存在区域差异性和滞后性。本文建议通过针对各区域位于重点产业链的专精特新企业进行精准补贴,将发明专利数、专利引用数等创新质量指标纳入补贴绩效考核指标体系,重点资助非国有企业与高科技行业的专精特新企业,尤其注重补贴可持续创新的成长型中小企业,强化知识产权保护,保证补贴的连续性,以提升政府补贴对创新的引导作用。

基于UTAUT-VAM模型的中小制造企业云服务采纳意愿影响机制研究

基于整合型技术接受理论(UTAUT)和价值接受模型(VAM),构建中小制造企业云服务采纳意愿影响因素理论模型,根据影响中小制造企业云服务采纳意愿的因素提出了相关假设,并运用结构方程模型和Bootstrap方法进行相关的实证检验。结果显示:(1)绩效期望、努力期望、便利条件和社会影响对感知价值具有正向显著影响;(2)绩效期望、便利条件和感知价值对采纳意愿具有正向显著影响;(3)感知风险对感知价值和采纳意愿具有负向显著影响,努力期望和社会影响对采纳意愿影响不显著;(4)感知价值存在中介效应,努力期望和社会影响通过感知价值间接影响采纳意愿。研究结论在云服务建设、组织保障、政策制定等方面为中小制造企业提供上云实践参考。

大中小企业融通发展服务体系

通过对辽宁、湖南、湖北、重庆、青岛等省市近50家大型龙头企业、专精特新“小巨人”企业以及中小企业服务机构进行实地与问卷调研,梳理了大中小企业融通发展所需的各种专业服务体系,由此搭建了专业服务体系、普遍服务体系、要素支撑体系相结合的大中小企业融通发展服务体系架构,并在此基础上对各类服务体系所应发挥的作用和主要内容进行了解释。

数字时代中小微外贸企业品牌的渠道创新策略研究——基于服务主导逻辑视角

近几年,中小微外贸企业进出口规模占比愈加增大,民营企业主力作用逐渐增强。但中小微外贸企业传统的品牌体系建设观点和建设思路已难以适应数字时代消费者新型的生产生活方式及消费行为习惯,因此亟需对中小微外贸企业开展符合新时期数字时代特色的品牌创新渠道探索。本研究先从品牌建设的需求侧和供给侧出发,刻画数字时代消费者对品牌的需求和中小微外贸企业品牌的渠道现状,以作为本研究铺垫逻辑起点;再引入案例结合服务主导逻辑理论分析渠道创新经验,最后为发展中小微企业品牌创新渠道提出建议,以供参考。本研究将助力中小微企业精准利用渠道,以低成本实现品牌个性化推广,定向触达目标客户,增强品牌认知与信任,扩大品牌影响力与竞争力。

技术创新、股权集中度和中小型制造企业服务化转型——基于面板数据的实证分析

面对国际经济环境的震荡和国内经济高质量发展的需求,不少中小型制造企业纷纷选择了服务化转型的道路。本研究选取2013~2022年A股中小型制造企业数据,深入分析中小型制造企业服务化现状,考察技术创新和股权集中度对中小型制造企业服务化转型的作用。研究发现,近些年中小型制造企业服务化转型趋势明显,其中以高技术制造业中的企业发展最为迅速;不同技术水平制造业中的企业主要开展的服务类型也有所不同;技术创新与股权集中度对中小型制造企业的服务化转型有促进作用,但二者的促进作用之间存在替代效应。