Knowledge map analysis of China's public participation in environmental governance PPP project using CiteSpace

China’s public participation in environmental governance PPP projects has become a hot research issue.Based on the CiteSpace software,taking 1592 literatures collected by CNKI from 2000 to 2021 as samples,the paper visually analyzes the literature timing,author distribution,institutional distribution,hot topics and evolution trends of Chinese public participation in environmental governance PPP project.After 20 years of development,the research focus of China’s public participation in environmental governance PPP project involves rural environmental governance,environmental diversification governance,regional environmental governance and environmental governance value-driven,and shows endogenous implicit drive and endogenous explicit drive.The multi-spiral characteristics of China’s public participation in environmental governance PPP coexist with endogenous implicit obstacles and exogenous implicit obstacles.

Project Management Addressed to Iranian Government-A Case Study

Iranian Government has a unique opportunity to recede many existing difficulties and achieve to promoted productivity,paving the way for competitive and coadaptive developments in running and managing major complex projects.The present study was a combination of literature review,existing research reports,and hierarchical distance-based fuzzy approach to manage projects addressed to Iranian Government as a case study that comprises road and building construction,nuclear power,used oil and petroleum industries,new technologies(nano and plasma),industries,and waste management projects.Underpinning existing trend among frameworks of projects revealed some weakness points to lead the Iranian Government for the reliable establishment and implementation of projects such as resources and partnership management,lack of trust,technology replacement,deficiency of science,technology and additives promotions,and change in the attitude.The evaluation based on hierarchical fuzzy logic revealed the priority for diamond deposition reactors comprising highfrequency plasma=microwave?glow?laser?alternating current?plasmatron?direct current?flame,respectively.Therefore,Iranian Government needs to employ a buttressed support in the implementation of the plasma plants through applying nuclear power energy to reclaim and promote additives and products of industries,redesign and reproduction processes,quality function deployment,and other developing sectors.

50 YEARS OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Aid to Tibet(Ⅳ)——62 Aid Projects

In July 1994,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council held theThird National Conference on Work in Tibet.During the conference, JiangZemin,General Party Secretary and State President,said that showing carefor,and providing aid to Tibet constituted the consistent policy of the Partyand the State,and the bounden duty of peoples of all ethnic groups in the country.

The Chinese Government Will Initiate Seven Major Geological Special Projects in 2017

Recently, the Chinese Technology has issued more within the national key Ministry of Science and than 40 key special projects research and development program. In the 2017 Annual Project Application Guidelines, a total of seven key projects related to geological sciences are planned, with overall funding of 3.52 billion yuan, with the timespan generally of five years. They are introduced as follows：

Government-incentivized crowdfunding for one-belt, one-road enterprises: design and research issues

Background:Local,state,and federal governments have started exploring the potential of crowdfunding in transforming conventional financing methods used previously to fund public projects and services.While crowdfunding has been applied to improve government financing methods in recent years,little is known about how this new model can be extended and applied in international collaboration among governmentincentivized projects.Methods:In this paper,we explores what roles crowdfunding can play as a financial intermediary to support government-incentivized multinational projects in the context of the One-Belt,One-Road initiative.Results:We conjecture that crowdfunding can offer an efficient mechanism to improve participatory budgeting and facilitate private-public collaboration while providing a high level of transparency in the budget decision process.Conclusions:The paper also discusses research issues and challenges,including features of the crowdfunding platforms that can affect the adoption and use of the crowdfunding platforms in multinational initiatives.

The Role of Blockchain in E-Governance and Decision-Making in Project and Program Management

This paper discusses the impact of e-governance powered by blockchain in the project and program management industry. With the rise in technological innovations, many countries have turned to e-governance for efficiency in service delivery, transparency, and decision-making. E-governance backed by blockchain technology entails improving the public services provision by implementing structures of information and communication technologies. There are many challenges with the traditional project management approach that causes organizations and its stakeholders’ cost and time. Thus, the introduction of blockchain has given many organizations a new approach to adopt in order to eliminate the challenges associated with the typical project management approach. In spite of the cutting-edge technology of blockchain and its broad applications in program management and e-governance, there are still many challenges that restrain its adoption on a broader scale. The research discusses the challenges of the blockchain deployment in the program management field and e-governance in private and government sectors and it highlights the efforts put by both sectors to make use of the technology. Also, the research covers the opportunities and the advantages of a blockchain adoption in various segments. The paper uses various case studies in the UAE, in both private and government sectors, and a qualitative research approach was implemented. The case studies were on government entities such as Smart Dubai and the Ministry of Health Prevention and also private entities like DP World and Emirates NBD. The paper concludes with recommendations and solutions on how to maximize the benefit of blockchain in the program management industry and how it is improving the decision-making process.

“项目进村”对村庄治理机制的重构

“项目进村”是实现乡村产业振兴与集体经济可持续发展的关键,基于交易成本理论和治理机制的协同效应理论,结合安徽省YQ乡的案例分析,解读“项目进村”何以成功,并分析生产型治理对乡村治理机制的重构。研究发现:生产型治理通过发挥科层机制与合约机制的协同效应,能够降低项目的交易成本,实现“项目进村”;当合约机制的交易成本更低时,就会引致对科层机制的替代,但是当交易的非市场化程度较高时,就会不可避免地选择科层机制。科层机制是村庄“有项目”的基础,而合约机制的嵌入能够避免科层机制治理目标的异化,使得进村项目“得以落地”;合约机制是项目内生性嵌入村庄的过程,而通过与科层机制间的协同,能够避免合约机制治理能力的弱化,使得落地项目“得以持续”;通过生产型治理,可以从治理主体、产权结构、分配结构等方面打通乡村治理的关键痛点,为“项目进村”打下坚实的治理基础。

技术与制度协同演化与我国交通运输治理能力现代化——基于纵向案例研究

以国家高速公路联网不停车收费工程的演化变迁历程为纵向案例,基于技术与制度关系理论研究我国交通运输行业发展的底层逻辑和提升路径。研究发现:我国交通运输行业的深刻变革不是传统线性思维下技术或制度的单向决定论,而是在技术与制度的协同演化中推进我国交通运输治理能力现代化。即决策者能够基于已有的制度、组织、规则、经验及认知来建构技术发展的路径,而技术也使得制度的变迁成为可能,二者相互影响,互为选择。为进一步提升我国交通运输行业治理能力,既要发挥技术对组织调整和制度变革的潜力,又要强化制度对技术发展的选择、规范和引导作用,从而,在技术与制度的协同演化中加快交通强国建设步伐。

基于发包人视角的政府投资项目工程总承包投资管控研究

政府投资项目作为我国推行工程总承包的主要项目类型,加强投资控制是规范合理使用财政资金的必然要求。根据标准合同条件,对设计施工总承包模式下政府投资项目的计量计价规则进行具体设定。在分析其投资运行及关键问题的基础上,采用合同状态分析方法,解析优化设计和设计优化两种典型情形下承包人的逐利行为,并提出制约承包人潜在违约机会主义行为,引导承包人由字面履约行为向尽善履约行为转变的对策建议。研究成果将为发包人进一步加强投资管控,引导承包人改善履约绩效,提供理论指导和策略靶向。

数字政府建设成效测度与评价:理论、方法与应用

数字政府建设日益受到重视,但其建设成效有待评价和改进。文章围绕数字政府建设成效测度与评价问题展开研究,探讨如何构建理论模型、发展评估方法并加以应用。在综述已有文献基础上,提炼数字政府建设成效评价的理论框架,提出从人民高品质生活、企业高质量发展、政府高效能治理的“三高”视角进行评价,并讨论开展课题研究的思路与方法、重点难点和创新之处,以及本课题要实现的预期目标。

基于大数据赋能的重大科技项目监测评估新模式研究

监测评估作为重大科技项目组织实施的重要抓手,在推动完善项目管理、提升管理绩效、构建科技大监督格局方面发挥了重要作用。但是,目前仍存在数字化评估手段有限、对科技决策支撑作用不充分和监测评估效能尚未充分释放等问题。为进一步优化重大科技项目组织实施模式,让数字化、信息化工具更大程度赋能科技评估,以重大科技项目为研究对象,研究了国内外重大科技项目监测评估的模式,围绕中国现阶段重大科技项目监测评估面临的挑战,探讨了大数据赋能监测评估的理论依据、主要特点,探索构建了重大科技项目数据治理新路径,并提出了建立重大科技项目管理新机制、新方法、新模式等有关政策建议。

工程总承包项目合同类型与计价方式协同研究——基于项目治理的视角

合同类型是建设项目治理研究的关键维度,影响着项目风险分配和激励强度。不同类型合同匹配相适应的计价方式,是防范工程结算争议的前提条件。首先系统总结合同类型与计价方式的理论和实践现状,剖析两者割裂的深层次原因;其次,提出区分项目投资来源、不同管理需求和相关主体成熟度选择适用的合同类型,在此基础上,通过对费率计价和项目清单计价的特点、适用性进行分析,明确各费用项目采用不同计价类型时与之相协同的计价方式;最后,基于项目治理的视角提出合同类型与计价方式协同实践的三项优化建议。

稳健驾驭:巨型工程的国家治理逻辑及其实现--以“西气东输”项目为例

巨型工程因其超大规模引发复杂性治理难题,需要国家的全面介入与稳健驾驭。西气东输工程的案例研究显示,超大的工程规模会导致决策的信息缺失与方案模糊问题,以及工程建设中的项目集成交互和多主体协同困境等治理难题。为解决这些难题,国家通过战略框定与工程目标建构,以国家意志塑造巨型工程战略纵深与社会合法性;通过方案最优化决策与群体智慧支持,以集体理性弥合理想最优方案与群体决策结果的差距;以领导小组统筹部署、高层权威推动和政治性协调,整合碎片化治理权威,形成有效的府际治理合力;通过国家主导的组织结构网络,国家权力深刻嵌入工程建设场域,以国家能力的积极运作实现管理协同。巨型工程的国家治理逻辑可概括为全面介入、战略统筹、稳健驾驭和有效治理,其研究有助于拓展巨型工程治理的国家理论,加深对中国巨型工程治理和决策过程的理解。

矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术研究

为实现人与自然和谐共处的目标,我国矿山开采企业应当意识到自身的角色定位,避免过度开发矿产资源,并且在作业期间实现对生态环境的恢复、治理,而这就对矿山开采企业提出了较高的要求。矿山开采企业应当立足于自身的实际情况,运用科学且合理的技术手段实现对地质环境的恢复、治理,这样才能实现可持续发展。但当前发展,部分矿山开采企业对矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术的应用还不够深入,使得该类技术无法充分发挥其价值。面对这种情况,矿山开采企业应当建立与时俱进的精神,不断加强对新技术的理解、学习以及应用。基于此,本文将以矿山地质环境恢复治理工程施工技术为研究对象,对其相关内容展开进一步探讨,旨在提升我国矿山开采企业对矿山地质环境恢复工程施工技术的应用水平,助力我国实现人与自然和谐共处的格局。

PPP风险规制的立法完善研究

PPP作为政府与社会资本合作提供公共产品和公共服务的新模式,根本目标是通过公私合作来保障普遍性公共产品或服务的持续供给。合作共赢是双方共同的价值取向。PPP风险规制的立法应当紧紧围绕PPP实施过程中的风险节点,确定立法所应遵循的基本原则并建立健全相应的法律制度。PPP风险规制的立法完善应当在坚持法治原则的前提下,依法配置规制PPP风险的立法权,并重点建立健全政府特许经营法律制度,完善政府对PPP项目的风险监管。实现立法创新与深化改革有机结合,创新PPP风险规制的具体机制,实行风险的公平合理配置,从而预防和化解可能产生的PPP风险,推动PPP更好更多地为社会公众提供更大福祉。

科技伦理治理:核心要义、面临困局及实现机制

科技伦理是科技活动开展过程中要遵循的价值理念和行为规范,科技伦理治理是现代社会治理的重要组成部分,也是中国建设成为世界科技强国的重要保障。科技伦理治理内嵌伦理共治,是多元主体参与的互动协商过程。随着新兴科技的发展,中国对科技伦理治理的重视程度不断提升,但仍然面临相关政策难以有效落地的问题。本文基于治理目标、治理主体、治理对象、治理手段和治理模式这五方面治理要素,分析中国科技伦理治理面临的困局,构建“一体一基三翼”的科技伦理治理机制,为促进中国科技伦理治理顶层设计更好地“落地”、推进科技创新健康有序发展提供参考。

结构性嵌入与过程性吸纳:乡村治理模式创新的可持续性机制——基于浙江“千万工程”的案例研究

乡村治理模式创新是实现乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求,但其可持续性机制尚未得以有效揭示。以浙江省“千万工程”二十多年实践为例,对乡村治理模式创新的结构性与过程性要素及其蕴含的逻辑链条进行考察发现:推动乡村治理模式可持续创新和不断制度化的要义在于国家政权通过组织嵌入、项目嵌入与精英嵌入实现自上而下的结构嵌入,乡土社会则经由自下而上的过程吸纳达到美丽宜居、共同富裕、城乡融合的累积性功效。面向未来的乡村治理,必须把握乡村发展的阶段性特征和体系化脉络,构建国家组织与社会多重互动的可持续性机制。

河长制治理:政策工具、水利工程与系统治理效果

河长制治理是复杂的系统工程,探索河长制治理系统机理是发展中国特色水资源治理理论的重要组成部分。从系统的角度出发,基于社会-生态系统理论,构建河长制治理系统分析框架,并利用2011—2020年江西省、安徽省、福建省、云南省4个省份的52个地级及以上城市的水资源与河长制相关数据,实证分析了政策工具、水利工程对水资源系统治理效果的影响,研究发现:①河长制具有一定的水资源系统治理效果。系统治理效果是借助政策工具与水利工程“软”“硬”两类治理工具,通过间接改变水资源用户取/用/排水行为的方式,或直接改变水资源系统状态的方式来共同实现的。②政策工具之和会促使所有水资源用户产生节约用水行为,强制型政策工具会促使农户选择节约型灌溉行为,混合型政策工具则会促使企业选择产业结构升级型排污行为。③混合型政策工具会扩大水利工程的建设规模。④自愿型政策工具只有在水资源系统所受外界压力较小的情况下,才能通过公众参与治理的方式发挥系统治理效果。⑤水利工程建设规模与系统治理效果呈现倒“U”形关系,只有当水利工程建设规模处于适度范围内时,水利工程才具有提升系统治理效果的作用。随着水利技术水平的提高,倒“U”形曲线的顶点有所降低,水利工程建设的适度规模缩小。通过诊断复杂区域河长制治理系统的方法,认为河长制可从调整自愿型政策工具使用占比,掌握各地不同资源用户取/用/排水行为模式,支持水利技术发展,科学控制水利工程建设规模等方面进行优化。