“Scrambling”: Logic of horizontal competition between local governments based on three cases of interprovincial disaster counterpart support

Interprovincial counterpart support is a cooperative system used by local governments to achieve horizontal flow of resources based on cross-regional cooperation.Existing research has mainly focused on governance ef‐ficiency,institutional advantages,and ranking incentives while ignoring the scrambling behavior and opera‐tional mechanisms of local governments formed by ranking incentives and territorial responsibilities.This study selected the Wenchuan earthquake,Yushu earthquake,and COVID-19 as three typical cases.We con‐structed a theoretical framework for competition among provincial local governments and found that competi‐tion in interprovincial disaster counterpart support followed a dual behavioral logic of“striving to be first”and“fear of being last”.Specifically,local governments will choose striving to be first under the logic of time coercion,content games,and territorial responsibility;they will choose fear of being last under the logic of re‐sponsibility avoidance and moral pressure.This type of scrambling-based horizontal competition reflects the logic of local government competition tournaments.This study further revealed the specific processes,mecha‐nisms,and results of horizontal local government competition,which can provide inspiration for cross regional and provincial cooperation.

Research on the Function of Government Fund Support in Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Innovation

Pharmaceutical technology innovation process needs a lot of human, material and financial support, so the government must give full play to its financial support function. Specifically, the government should improve the fund investment mechanism of the pharmaceutical industry, improve the financial investment management system of pharmaceutical technology innovation, strengthen the function and mechanism of the capital market, improve the risk investment system, focus on cultivating a good credit environment, and increase the support of national policy-based financial institutions. Through direct investment, financial subsidies, tax incentives and low-interest financing and other means, vigorously promote the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation capacity.

Non-government Enterprises Need Government Support

Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving in theChinese system, congenial weakness is inevitable, therefore, China's non-government enterprises must improvethemselves and strive to overcome congenial shortcomings. In the end, Mr Chen Qingtai appealed for anadjustment of related policies by authorities.

Government Intervention and Support on SMEs Firm Performance

The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the na­tion’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provi­sion of innovative products that meets the need of the people.SMEs are key players in the economy,through sustainable development goals(SDGs)enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation,promoting inclusive and sustainable in­dustrialization should be the core of any country government.This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors-Hospitality,Education,Health care,Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logis­tics organizations.The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety-seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using(Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis)with Statistical Packages for Social Science(SPSS)version 25.The results of the study reveal that gov­ernment intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria.Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administra­tors,entrepreneurs,and business managers to ensure that relevant interven­tion programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.

Supporting farmer-managed irrigation systems in the Shigar valley, Karakorum： Role of the government and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.

Supportive tactics for innovative and sustainability performance in emerging SMEs

For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government support.Data were collected from 317 small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)through structured questionnaires.The results indicated that access to domestic and international financing significantly contributes to sustainability and innovative performances.Accordingly,we found a partial mediating role of innovative performance between access to domestic financing and sustainability performance as well as between access to international financing and sustainability performance.Access to government support significantly moderates the relationship between access to domestic finances and innovative performance as well as between access to international finances and innovative performance.Practitioners and policymakers should encourage national and international financial institutions and banks to facilitate SMEs by lending them funds for innovative activities and sustainability performance.Moreover,the government should support SMEs,so that they can contribute to economic growth and the gross domestic product.The implications from these matters will be further discussed in this paper.

LIRR "R&D and Industrialization of High PerformanceFunctional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology" Project Gained Fund Support

Checked by Henan Province Development and Relbrm Commission and Henan Province MunicipalFinance （）ffice, the “R ＆ I） and Industrialization of High Performance Functional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology” project declared by 1,1RR gained a special fund support on self-renovation and products structure adjustment. The project will realize the technology integration and industriali-zation of key refractories including purging component, metering nozzle and toil and belt continuous casting nozzle, etc. through building high performance functional refractories production lines for metallurgy new technology.

Study on the Policies,Science and Technology Support to Impel the Development of Recreational Agriculture in Hainan

The current situation of the recreational agriculture development in Hainan was analyzed. The problems of imperfect security system,unsound policies and regulations,scant government support,low enthusiasm for developing recreational agriculture,lacking science and technology support and less special competitive products in Hainan were discussed. Through the reference of foreign countries and Taiwan Region policy support and legislative experience on recreational agriculture,it was recommended to perfect the policy system,develop the leading role of the government,enhance the legislation and supervision,pay attention to science and technology support,in order to promote the healthy sustainable development of recreational agriculture in Hainan.

政府R&D补贴投入对技术创新产出能力影响机制研究——基于5个高技术行业面板数据的实证分析

随着创新型国家建设的逐步深入,我国对科技进步的投入力度增大,尤其加大了对企业技术创新能力的扶持力度。在微观企业生产函数中引入政府对企业支持程度系数,并运用高技术产业中5个行业的面板数据进行分析,探讨其与新产品销售收入、专利申请数、新产品开发项目数等产出的关系;其次将政府支持程度系数同新产品销售收入、专利申请数、新产品开发项目数作回归分析,并与高技术企业自身投入作对比分析;最后借鉴美国经验,分别针对政府和企业给出了行之有效的对策。

政府R&D资助、对外开放与中国光伏企业创新能力提升

以战略性新兴产业之一的光伏产业为例，从政府R＆D资助和对外开放两个层面选取指标，分析这些变量对我国光伏企业自主创新能力的影响。研究表明，政府R＆D补助对企业盈利能力的正效应较为显著，对外开放和资产负债率对企业创新活动有较为显著的正效应。具有较强自主创新能力的企业通常具有较好的盈利能力，所以企业盈利能力在一定程度上反映了企业的创新能力。因此，加大政府研发补助、扩大企业出口和保持适当的资产负债率等措施，有利于提高光伏企业的自主创新能力。

异质性R&D、政府支持与能源强度

采用2000—2016年省际面板数据,基于SDM、SAR、SEM三种空间计量模型和面板门槛回归模型,实证考察科学研究和试验发展投入与能源强度之间的关系,并进一步识别政府支持于试验发展和科学研究对能源强度的不同作用机制与影响效果。结果表明,(1)科学研究在短期内对能源强度无直接影响,试验发展在一定程度上制约能源强度降低。(2)政府支持科学研究在长期内对降低能源强度有显著促进作用,政府支持试验发展对降低能源强度不存在促进作用。(3)两类创新活动对能源强度的影响具有明显的政府支持门限效应:当政府支持力度跨越门槛值时,科学研究对能源强度产生显著负向影响;虽然政府直接支持试验发展对降低能源强度没有促进作用,但政府适度支持可弱化试验发展对能源强度的正向影响。

R&D强度、政府支持度与新能源企业的技术创新效率

运用随机前沿生产函数模型（SFPM）对中国92家新能源上市企业在2010~2014年间的技术创新效率进行测度,并重点考察了R＆D强度和政府支持度对技术创新效率的影响程度。结果发现：近年来中国新能源企业的技术创新效率普遍处于较低水平且增长缓慢;企业内部研发投入对技术创新效率有明显的正向作用;政府补助在新能源企业创新活动中的促进作用尚未得到有效发挥。为此,应继续加强基础研发工作,确立企业在新能源技术创新体系中的主体地位,加强政府补助的申请及落实制度。

政府R&D支持、企业创新资金对其创新效率影响的实证研究

政府R&D支持与企业创新资金是推动企业创新效率提升的主要力量。然而由于市场不完全、信息扭曲等原因,两者产生不同的创新产出效果,既“替代”,又“互补”。文中采用随机前沿模型和threshold回归模型,通过对2007—2018年成都高新区内120家上市科技企业的创新数据进行分析,探讨政府R&D支持与企业创新资金对企业创新效率的影响,以及两者发挥作用的最佳范围。研究结果显示,目前国内企业在创新过程中,政府R&D支持对企业创新效率呈负作用,现有政策尚未发挥应有的效应。企业创新资金有助于创新效率的提高,具有推动作用。政府R&D支持产生最佳效应的范围在0.171以上,企业创新资金的最佳范围是0.577~0.664.

生物技术中小企业创新影响因素研究——基于政府R&D支持与企业合作的视角

尽管生物技术在发展中国家已经得到广泛重视,但是很少有研究关注在不利于生物技术发展的环境中,影响生物技术创新绩效的因素。以我国生物技术中小企业2008—2010年的调研数据为例,文章研究政府R&D支持与企业合作对生物技术创新产出的直接影响与间接影响。研究结果显示,生物技术中小企业与上游单位的合作对其创新产出具有重要作用,与国外公司合作产生的影响大于与国内公司合作产生的影响。通过促进企业内部R&D活动以及与国内上下游企业的合作,政府以项目资金的方式,直接和间接地影响生物技术中小企业的创新。文章研究发现,政府R&D资金支持,与国外高校、科研机构的合作,以及与下游企业的合作均对生物技术中小企业的创新产生重要作用。

政府补贴、企业R&D投入与军工企业技术创新能力

军工企业是国防科技创新的主体,其技术创新能力直接影响着科技强军和建设世界科技强国战略的实现。在军工企业的技术创新活动中,政府补贴是激励军工企业技术创新的重要手段之一。基于2004-2020年11大军工集团有限公司年报数据,系统考察了政府补贴对军工企业技术创新能力的影响及作用机制。结果表明:政府补贴对军工企业技术创新能力的提升具有显著的正向影响,且这一效应在2012年后更为显著;军工企业R&D投入在政府补贴对军工企业技术创新能力影响机制中的中介作用明显;军工企业R&D投入的增加有力促进了其技术创新能力的提升。为此,政府可以适当增加对军工企业的补贴,并确保补贴的资金能够真正用于企业的技术研发。同时,要帮助军工企业拓宽研发资金融资渠道,吸引更多社会资金投入企业研发。

政府R&D支持对企业技术创新机制影响研究

技术创新是企业发展的根本动力,只有不断提升技术创新能力,才能在企业的可持续发展中注入新的活力。技术创新机制的构建,不仅需要企业自身加大投入力度,更需要政府R&D支持,以获得充足的资源保障。由于企业性质、规模和发展状况的不同,政府R&D支持对于企业技术创新的影响特点也存在一定的差异性,应该结合实际情况促进企业技术创新水平的提升。论文分析政府R&D支持对企业技术创新机制的影响,探索政府R&D支持促进企业技术创新的路径,为实践工作提供参考。

政府财政支持对企业R&D投入的激励问题研究——基于委托代理框架的博弈分析

委托代理关系下的信息不对称使得政府面临着企业R&D投入的博弈难题。基于对博弈动机的分析,政府财政支持与企业R&D投入的博弈过程可分为事前不完全信息博弈和事后不完美信息博弈两个阶段,其中事前博弈是通过建立收益矩阵来讨论双方的策略选择,事后博弈是政府在约束条件下设计契约合同来激励企业遵守承诺,刺激R&D支出。分析表明,当创新型企业的信号成本较低,或者原始创新与二次创新的R&D补贴率差别明显时,企业具有较大的积极性进行逆向选择,而且,政府对创新型企业的税率优惠幅度随着企业的努力成本增大而降低。因此,政府需要通过加强人力资本的投资力度、建立健全监督问责机制、完善政府与创新型企业的契约合同、完善知识产权保护法等措施来降低博弈成本,提高R&D的投入产出率。