Supporting farmer-managed irrigation systems in the Shigar valley, Karakorum： Role of the government and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.

Government Provides Vigorous Supports to the Improvement of Health Care in Qinghai Province,China

Qinghai province is located in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau,and is an underdeveloped province of inland China.Chinese government gives high priority to the improvement of the wellbeing of Qinghai people,and have provided great supports in aspects of policy,funding,and professional resource to the development of health care and medical system in Qinghai.Great progress has been made,and wellness of residents in Qinghai has been significantly improved.This article reviews the strategies and measures from central and provincial government in improving health care of Qinghai province under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

Non-government Enterprises Need Government Support

Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving in theChinese system, congenial weakness is inevitable, therefore, China's non-government enterprises must improvethemselves and strive to overcome congenial shortcomings. In the end, Mr Chen Qingtai appealed for anadjustment of related policies by authorities.

Analyses the Endowment Insurance System of Flexible Employment

In modem society, flexible employment has become the important channel of improve employment. Workers who transfer into the flexible employment from regular employment easily lost the original endowment insurance rights and interests, which increase the cost of laborer to flexible employment and impede the development of flexible employment. The establishment of the endowment insurance system of flexible employment can eliminate the apprehension of supporting themselves and enjoy in old age well.

Government Intervention and Support on SMEs Firm Performance

The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the na­tion’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provi­sion of innovative products that meets the need of the people.SMEs are key players in the economy,through sustainable development goals(SDGs)enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation,promoting inclusive and sustainable in­dustrialization should be the core of any country government.This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors-Hospitality,Education,Health care,Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logis­tics organizations.The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety-seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using(Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis)with Statistical Packages for Social Science(SPSS)version 25.The results of the study reveal that gov­ernment intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria.Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administra­tors,entrepreneurs,and business managers to ensure that relevant interven­tion programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.

Analysis on Development Pathway of Farmer Organization under the Background of Rural Revitalization

The development of farmer organization will play an important role in rural revitalization. Basic pathways of farmer organization development are excavating common interest,playing the role of farmer elite,cultivating modern farmers and increasing government support. But due to the influences of rural culture tradition and current management system,there exists certain difficulty to meet these conditions to different extents,which decides that benign development of farmer organization will be a long persistence process.

Supportive tactics for innovative and sustainability performance in emerging SMEs

For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government support.Data were collected from 317 small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)through structured questionnaires.The results indicated that access to domestic and international financing significantly contributes to sustainability and innovative performances.Accordingly,we found a partial mediating role of innovative performance between access to domestic financing and sustainability performance as well as between access to international financing and sustainability performance.Access to government support significantly moderates the relationship between access to domestic finances and innovative performance as well as between access to international finances and innovative performance.Practitioners and policymakers should encourage national and international financial institutions and banks to facilitate SMEs by lending them funds for innovative activities and sustainability performance.Moreover,the government should support SMEs,so that they can contribute to economic growth and the gross domestic product.The implications from these matters will be further discussed in this paper.

Priorities of State Support of the Russian Agriculture on Federal and Regional Levels under Volatile Economic Growth

The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture is topical according to the domestic economic problems： insufficient financing in Russia, in the regions; degradation of production facilities; turnover acreage reduction; reduction in livestock; and according to the external economic factors： the accession to the WTO, the transition to the Common Economic Space, and subsequently, the Eurasian Economic Union, global change conditions in the global food market, an increase in the world population, increasing demand for food resources, a significant increase in food prices on world markets, the increased activity of Russian agricultural producers in the world markets of grain products; ensuring of economic stability systems, critical analysis of the tools and the effectiveness of economic policy. According to the IMF, the economic has slowed down despite the state support for agriculture should stay a priority in the government＇s economic policy, in the regions.

Important Auto Enterprises Will Be Supported By Government

AIB of MMI said recently according to the Industrial Policy of Motor Industry, those enterprises (groups) of motor vehicles, motorcycles and parts & components with independent R&D capabilities, the considerable production capacities and marketshares will be strongly supported by the Chinese Government to achieve the production with economic scale in the future.

A Review on Problems of China＇s Hospice Care and Analysis of Possible Solutions

NTRODUCTIONHospice care is a type of care and a philosophy of care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill or a seriously ill patient＆#39;s pain and symptoms,and attends to their emotional and spiritual needs.[1] Taiwan scholar Xie Mei introduced the concept of hospice care to the mainland of China in 1982 and the practice of hospice care in the mainland of China began then.[2] Tianjin Medical University had set up the Institute of Hospice Care.[3] Major state-owned hospitals have established hospice wards.There are also some hospice agencies set up through private fund raising.However,after all these years of development,the supply of the hospice care service in our country is still much less than the demand,between which the gap is big.There are three main reasons causing the gap.The details are as follow.

Progress of forest certification in China

The Chinese Government is committed to forest certification as a market-based instrument to promote sustainable forest management. Forest certification includes a number of regulations, rules and policy paradigms related to certification and there are numerous challenges facing the uptake of forest certification in China. In particular, the ban on commercial logging in natural forests implemented by the Natural Forest Protection Program has resulted in little demand for forest certification of natural forest management units. However,there are also certification opportunities, such as the certification of non-timber forest products that benefit local communities who depend on forests for the goods and services they provide. This paper provides an overview of progress in forest certification in China, including its development history, organizational structure, scheme documents, certification scopes and standards, accreditation, certification bodies and auditors, and certification logos. The paper also focuses on government support for the supervision and management of forest certification through policy incentives, including the potential government procurement and subsidy policies for certified forest products. Finally, the paper analyzes certified non-timber forest products as an example of the value of certification to promote sustainable forest management and how the concept of forest certification can be used to add value to forests and ensure they are responsibly and sustainably managed. In general, forest certification in China has a clear role in sustainable forest management, both for timber and non-timber forest products.