A Systematic Review of Blockchain Technology for Government Information Sharing

Government information sharing(GIS)refers to that act of required or provided for duty government information,commercial information and public welfare information,and it is a basic issue of government services.However,the existing GIS has low transparency and is lack of flexibility between different departments.Aiming at such problems,this paper takes blockchain as a solusion,and systematically summarizes the development of digital GIS,the advantages and challenges of blockchain and its theoretical research and practical applications.Specifically,it reviews e-government interactive structure,big data and other solutions,analyses their imperfections,and puts forward blockchain-based solutions.The blockchain improves government service efficiency and data security,meanwhile it faces challenges in throughput and supervision.In order to meet these challenges,researchers propose solutions based on three data exchange scenarios:government-to-government,government-to-enterprise and government-toindividual.In addition to researches,blockchain-based GIS is put into use.The electronic licensing project of Nanjing(China)government is taken as an example to illustrate that blockchain has the ability to openly and securely verify,track,and exchange data,so as to improve management ability and public service level of government agencies.

Data-Driven Modeling of Partially Observed Biological Systems

We present a numerical approach for modeling unknown dynamical systems using partially observed data,with a focus on biological systems with(relatively)complex dynamical behavior.As an extension of the recently developed deep neural network(DNN)learning methods,our approach is particularly suitable for practical situations when(i)measurement data are available for only a subset of the state variables,and(ii)the system parameters cannot be observed or measured at all.We demonstrate that,with a properly designed DNN structure with memory terms,effective DNN models can be learned from such partially observed data containing hidden parameters.The learned DNN model serves as an accurate predictive tool for system analysis.Through a few representative biological problems,we demonstrate that such DNN models can capture qualitative dynamical behavior changes in the system,such as bifurcations,even when the parameters controlling such behavior changes are completely unknown throughout not only the model learning process but also the system prediction process.The learned DNN model effectively creates a“closed”model involving only the observables when such a closed-form model does not exist mathematically.

Bias in Generative AI Systems:A 3-Layer Response and Liability Determination

The risk of bias is widely noticed in the entire process of generative artificial intelligence(generative AI)systems.To protect the rights of the public and improve the effectiveness of AI regulations,feasible measures to address the bias problem in the context of large data should be proposed as soon as possible.Since bias originates in every part and various aspects of AI product lifecycles,laws and technical measures should consider each of these layers and take different causes of bias into account,from data training,modeling,and application design.The Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative AI Service(the Interim Measures),formulated by the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission(CAC)and other departments have taken the initiatives to govern AI.However,it lacks specific details on issues such as how to prevent the risk of bias and reduce the effect of bias in decision-making.The Interim Measures also fail to take causes of bias into account,and several principles must be further interpreted.Meanwhile,regulations on generative AI at the global level are still in their early stages.By forming a governance framework,this paper could provide the community with useful experiences and play a leading role.The framework includes at least three parts:first,determining the realm of governance and unifying related concepts;second,developing measures for different layers to identify the causes and specific aspects of bias;third,identifying parties with the skills to take responsibility for detecting bias intrusions and proposing a program for the allocation of liabilities among the large-scale platform developers.

CIIS President Meets with UN General Assembly Co-Chairs of Intergovernmental Negotiations on Security Council Reform

On February 28,CIIS President Chen Bo,along with scholars in relevant fields,met with Co-chairs of the Intergovernmental Negotiations on the United Nations Security Council Reform of the 78th session of the UN General Assembly,Permanent Representative of Kuwait to the UN Tareq M.A.M.Albanai and Permanent Representative of Austria to the UN Alexander Marschik.

Research on Policy Diffusion Path and Reproduction of River Chief System

The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing research that focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements of RCS, this study uses literature study to reveal the dynamic evolution of RCS through three phases, with RCS spreading from developed coastal areas to central and western inland regions. RCS’s diffusion path involves vertical diffusion between central and local levels and horizontal diffusion among local governments. Moreover, RCS has also achieved conceptual spillover, gradually expanding into other governance domains, such as the Lake Chief System, the Field Chief System, the Forestry Chief System, and the integration of multiple chief roles. However, it is essential to scrutinize the phenomenon of applying similar governance mechanisms to different areas, as it may result in challenges such as overburdening local governments, insufficient public participation, oversimplification of differences in natural resource endowments, and limited applicability. This study also provides suggestions on how to address these challenges. The study contributes theoretical insights and policy implications, providing a foundation for practical policy innovation.

Aspirations on the Bright Side of Humanity: It is Time to Translate Aspirations Into Actions With Establishing the Government of Earth

The thesis of this paper is that the digital noosphere of the World Wide Web and its users,the borderless move of virtually all resources of the planet,and the consequent globalization of most aspects of national politics,economy,and culture,along with the increasing difficulty of controlling the related high-tech military conflicts,human-made environmental crises,and the abnormal migrations of abused people now make it inevitable to leave behind the competitive international chaos rooted in humankind’s animal past and turn to the cooperative social spirit recommended by Aristotle,Lao Tzu,Jesus,Dante,H.G.Wells,Martin Luther King Jr.,John Lennon,Nicholas Hagger,and others to finally translate their aspirations into actions via establishing the Government of Earth for the decent and free.The paper presents a five-step,15-year,~$25B plan to start this process.That this plan has nothing to do with the Godless work of secret societies,the authoritarian urges of renewed fascism or the political absurdities of Marxism-Leninism it is relayed by the envisioned Intercontinental Education System of the outlined Government of Earth to teach every child on the planet-via a new community of digitally linked extraordinary teachers-for the beauty of lifelong learning,tolerance,duty,honor,free cooperation,and artful communication for divine missions.

Reinforcing of Citizen’s Trust in E-Government: The Cameroon’s Case

The embracing of ICTs and related technologies has enhanced different approaches for governments worldwide to deliver services to their citizens in a smart way. However, the usage of e-government services by common citizens is recognized as one of the major setbacks of e-government development in both developed and developing countries. Moreover, government agencies in these countries are facing great challenges in keeping the citizens motivated enough to continue to use e-government services. This research aims to investigate the factors that influence citizens’ trust towards continue use of e-government services in Cameroon. The proposed research model consisted of three main constructs including technological, governmental, risk factors as well as six demographic characteristics (age, gender, educational level, income, internet experience and cultural perception). A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was designed to collect data physically and electronically, 352 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Simple and Multiple regression analysis methods were applied to build an adequate model based on the verification of hypotheses proposed. Based on results obtained, four demographic characteristics (age, education, occupation and income) have influence on citizens’ trust in e-government meanwhile gender and cultural affiliation have no influence. Furthermore, technological factors and governmental factors positively influence trust level in e-government, whereas risk factors have a negative influence on trust level. Deducing from the results, a list of recommendations is proposed to the government of Cameroon in order to reinforce citizens’ trust in e-government services.

Construction of an evaluation system for information openness of local governments

Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local governments. In order to select evaluation indicators, we conducted a content analysis on current evaluation systems constructed by researchers and local governments and the materials of a case study on a local government. This evaluation system is composed of 5 first-tier indicators, 30 secondtier indicators and 69 third-tier indicators. Then Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method are adopted to determine the weight of each indicator. At last, the practicability of the system is tested by an evaluation of the local government of Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been undergoing administrative reform and attempting to reinvent itself in the past 5 years.

Government subsidies, dual-credit policy, and enterprise performance: Empirical evidence from Chinese listed new energy vehicle companies

The development of the new energy vehicle industry has become a key force driving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.To better guide future strategies,this study investigates the dual impact of subsidy and dual-integral policies on the performance of new energy vehicle enterprises.This study first theorizes the influential mechanism according to the institutional-based approach and technical innovation theory,and then collects data from listed companies in the new energy vehicle industry from 2016 to 2020.The hypotheses are examined using a two-way fixed-effects model.The findings show that:(1)subsidy policies are can still improve enterprise performance,but not through green technology innovation;(2)the dual-credit policy can improve enterprise performance through green technology innovation;and(3)under current policy conditions,with subsidies declining annually,the interaction effects between the subsidy and dual-integral policies will also decrease.Thus,this study suggests that non-monetary industrial policy,represented by the dual credit policy is a more effective alternative to government subsidies.

Construction of an evaluation system for the service capabilities of government to business (G2B) web portals

On the basis of analyzing both domestic and foreign evaluation systems for the e-government and also taking into account of the current situation of government portals in urban centers,the paper is aimed to construct an evaluation system primarily for the measurement of the service capability of business-oriented G2B portals of local governments in general and those G2B portals of the new development zones in particular.This system is composed of 6 first tier indicators,18 second tier indicators and 90 third tier indicators.And the weight of each indicator is determined by Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method.Subsequently,we used this system to evaluate the government portals of Tianjin Binhai New Area and Shanghai Pudong New Area and proved to have the desired practicability.

Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal government aging policies: A systematic review

In most countries, population aging is becoming more evident now that the first members of the large babyboom cohort have reached 65 years of age. As an accelerating increase in the number of older persons and the proportion of the public aged 65 and older will now occur, planning for population aging has become ever more crucially important. A systematic review of Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal government documents was undertaken to search for the existence of population aging policies, and to determine the aims and other content of the most current policy documents. Documents were identified in all but two jurisdictions of Canada (two northern territories). Document developers, and the aims and content of the 14 reviewed documents varied considerably. Some similarities were identified, however, including some common stated purposes for these documents - to address current issues and challenges facing older people and to plan ahead for a preferred future with population aging.

Research on Talent Training System of Marine Cultural Industry Based on Collaborative Innovation of Governments,Enterprises,Colleges,Scientific Institutions and Users

This paper focuses on the coupling between talent training system of marine cultural industry and collaborative innovation of govern-ments, enterprises, colleges, scientific institutions and users. Firstly, the significance of talent training in marine cultural industry for the construction of China as a maritime power was analyzed. Secondly, the current situation of talent training in China＇s marine cultural industry and the existing problems were analyzed. Finally, how to integrate the collaborative innovation of governments, enterprises, colleges, scientific institutions and us-ers into the talent training system of marine cultural industry was explored to help talent training to break through the bottleneck and promote the vig-orous development of marine cultural industry.

Innovation of governance model of local government in China:Reflections on the issue of River Chief System in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Government-leading,multi-agent participation and coordinated co-governance are the original intentions of River Chief System governance policy design,the purpose is to really improve governance benefits of the River Chief System.Regrettably,the current research is still in its infancy,mainly based on theoretical analysis and case analysis.Whether government-leading,multi-agent participation and coordinated co-govemance can really improve the effectiveness of governance still lacks empirical testing.For this reason,based on the 241 questionnaires of the governance benefits of the River Chief System in Guangdong Province,this paper deeply analyzed the influence of the organizational level of the River Chief System on the governance benefits,and further studied the regulatory role of multi-agent participation.The results showed that there was an inverted“U”relationship between the organizational level of the River Chief System and the governance benefit,and multi-agent participation had no positive influence on the relationship between the organization level and the governance benefit.This paper has important enlightening significance for expanding the theory of River Chief System research and guiding the practice of government-leading governance policy of River Chief System.On the other hand,this paper can provide reasonable suggestions on environmental governance for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s high-quality development.

Government Role in Fostering Emerging Technological Industries:A New Perspective for Industrial Policy Research

Mainstream industrial policy research cannot fully explain how government interventions have helped China’s mobile communications industry catch up with and overtake those of advanced nations.China’s mobile communications industry made breakthroughs in 3G,caught up with advanced nations in 4G,and gained a leadership position in 5G due to the implementation and improvement of a strategy of industrial competition that accommodates mainstream standards and prioritizes the mid-band spectrum based on the integrated“technology,standard and industry”deployment system and swift decision-making.The introduction of a perspective of a strategy of industrial competition may supplement industrial policy research in the following ways:First,when the concerted actions of numerous innovators are important for industrial competition performance,an effective strategy of industrial competition can be devised and overall coordinated by the government provided that is compatible with the catch-up development of emerging technological industries.Second,an industrial policy becomes effective when it is complementary with the strategic factors for long-term industrial performance such as the strategy of industrial competition and avoids serious disruptions to market-based mechanisms.

Existence of hidden attractors in nonlinear hydro-turbine governing systems and its stability analysis

This work studies the stability and hidden dynamics of the nonlinear hydro-turbine governing system with an output limiting link,and propose a new six-dimensional system,which exhibits some hidden attractors.The parameter switching algorithm is used to numerically study the dynamic behaviors of the system.Moreover,it is investigated that for some parameters the system with a stable equilibrium point can generate strange hidden attractors.A self-excited attractor with the change of its parameters is also recognized.In addition,numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the proposed system by using the Lyapunov exponent spectra,Lyapunov dimensions,bifurcation diagrams,phase space orbits,and basins of attraction.Consequently,the findings in this work show that the basins of hidden attractors are tiny for which the standard computational procedure for localization is unavailable.These simulation results are conducive to better understanding of hidden chaotic attractors in higher-dimensional dynamical systems,and are also of great significance in revealing chaotic oscillations such as uncontrolled speed adjustment in the operation of hydropower station due to small changes of initial values.

On China's Protection of Citizens' Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government Information Publicity System

I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China＇s protection of right to be informed and the construction of government information publicity system

Construction of the Government Support and Evaluation Index System of Farmers' Cooperative Economic Organizations

On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers' cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers' cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers' cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.

College Basic Development Status Data Management System Based on Data Governance Framework

In the era of big data, data application based on data governance has become an inevitable trend in the construction of smart campus in higher education. In this paper, a set of data governance system framework covering the whole life cycle of data suitable for higher education is proposed, and based on this, the ideas and methods of data governance are applied to the construction of data management system for the basic development status of faculties by combining the practice of data governance of Donghua University.It forms a closed-loop management of data in all aspects, such as collection, information feedback, and statistical analysis of the basic development status data of the college. While optimizing the management business of higher education, the system provides a scientific and reliable basis for precise decision-making and strategic development of higher education.

An Overview of Government-Market Relationships:Evolving Perceptions,Role of the Market,and Government Functions

Building a high-level socialist market economy is conducive to giving full play to the market’s decisive role in resource allocations and bringing the government into better play.Correctly handling the market and the government relationships has been a central issue in China’s economic structural reform.Giving a comprehensive review and summary of the research findings achieved by the theoretical and academic circles in China,we generalize the evolution and working mechanisms of China’s socialist market economy system,following the developing trajectory and logic of relevant literature,focusing on the three aspects of evolving perceptions,the role of the market,and the functions of the government.Based on our literature overview,we also induced and extracted the basic conclusions and evolutionary features of relevant research and made suggestions for the future direction of theoretical research regarding China’s socialist market economy.

The Construction of PLA Image in China’s Official Discourse From the Perspective of Positive Discourse Analysis——Based on Government Work Reports Over the Last 15 Years

Government Work Report is essential for domestic and international understanding of China’s national conditions.This paper selects the national defense section in Government Work Reports released by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China over the last fifteen years from 2009 to 2023 as an example of China’s official discourse.From the perspective of positive discourse analysis,the theory of three meta-functions of language proposed by M.A.K.Halliday in Systemic Functional Linguistics is used in this article in terms of transitivity,appraisal,mood,modality,and theme to explore the constructing of the People’s Liberation Army(PLA)image.This study finds that,by using the goals and circumstances with optimistic meaning in material processes,adopting more appreciation in attitude,applying more declaratives in mood,utilizing modal operators with high modulation,and implicit objective modal adjuncts,and employing government-focused themes,China’s official discourse objectively and authentically conveys a positive image of the brave and just PLA both at home and abroad which advocates itself to peace-keeping,and mission-fulfilling.