Aspects of International Public Procurement Regulation

The public procurement market is classified as one of the most important segments of the world economy with share of 7-18%in the world GDP.The importance of this segment leads to continuous liberalization.Despite the existing legislative framework,the share of cross-border public procurement remains limited due to several obstacles including discrimination in public procurement that was raised by governments as one of the non-tariff barriers to international trade.Surveys of the European Commission or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD)indicate that there are many other obstacles to entry to international public procurement markets.These obstacles are discussed in the first chapter of this article.The goal of this paper is to review aspects of international public procurement regulation and find ways of eliminating the obstacles through this regulation.Therefore,the second,third,and fourth chapters of the paper analyse the WTO Government Procurement Agreement(GPA),the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)Model Law on Public Procurement,and the role of regional trade agreements.

The analysis of government procurement in the frame of principal agent theory

In government procurement activities, asymmetric information, incomplete contracts and opportunism, led to the dysfunction of principal-agent. Through the reference of the principal-agent theory, this paper uses the model of the principal-agent to analyze government procurement activity, and proposes some countermeasures to improve principal-agent in government procurement.

How Does Government ProcurementPromote Enterprise Innovation?—On the Synergy between Demand-Pull and Supply-Push of Innovation Policies

The promotion of technological innovation in firms requires both the supply-push and the demand-pull.To accurately identify,assess,and further enhance the incentive effects of the policies of government procurement for innovation in China,this paper uses the text analysis method to identify government procurement for innovation from more than 640,000 pieces of government procurement contracts and conducts an empirical analysis based on the data of China's A-share listed firms from 2015 to 2020.The study finds that government procurement for innovation significantly promotes corporate innovation by increasing the expected market returns,reducing R&D uncertainty,and easing financing constraints.Specifically,local government procurement for innovation,central government procurement for innovation,and procurement for innovation by universities and research institutes bring more significant innovation incentives for firms;and government procurement for innovation generates stronger innovation incentives for firms in strategic and emerging industries,private firms,and small-and medium-sized enterprises.Further analysis reveals that demandside innovation procurement and supply-side innovation subsidies generally have mutually reinforcing synergies on corporate innovation.The policy synergies vary depending on the levels of corporate innovation and the orders of policy implementation.In terms of the levels of corporate innovation,the two-sided policies has mutually complementary effects on innovation-leading firms and mutually exclusive effects on innovation-lagging firms.From the perspective of the orders of policy implementation,the strategy of supply-side subsidies first,and demand-side procurement second is more effective in promoting corporate innovation than the strategies of demand-side procurement first and supply-side subsidies second,and supply-side subsidies and demand-side procurement concur.This study helps deepen the understanding of demand-side innovation support policies and provides an important reference for further improvement of China's innovation incentive policies.

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下的紧急政府采购:以上海市疾病预防控制中心为例

以上海市疾病预防控制中心在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间开展的紧急政府采购为例,分析紧急政府采购在突发公共卫生事件处置中发挥的重要保障作用,并探讨应急采购执行及监督管理的方式。

Rent-seeking Game Analysis About Suppliers and Agencies in Government Procurement

In government procurement, government and suppliers are connected for their interests, government and agencies are connected for commissions. This paper focuses on these two kinds of relationship and use rent-seeking game model to analyze the behavior of the government.