The gradual subduction-collision evolution model of Proto-South China Sea and its control on oil and gas

This study involved outcrop,drilling,seismic,gravity,and magnetic data to systematically document the geological records of the subduction process of Proto-South China Sea(PSCS)and establish its evolution model.The results indicate that a series of arc-shaped ophiolite belts and calcalkaline magmatic rocks are developed in northern Borneo,both of which have the characteristics of gradually changing younger from west to east,and are direct signs of subduction and collision of PSCS.At the same time,the subduction of PSCS led to the formation of three accretion zones from the south to the north in Borneo,the Kuching belt,Sibu belt,and Miri belt.The sedimentary formation of northern Borneo is characterized by a three-layer structure,with the oceanic basement at the bottom,overlying the deep-sea flysch deposits of the Rajang–Crocker group,and the molasse sedimentary sequence that is dominated by river-delta and shallow marine facies at the top,recording the whole subduction–collision–orogeny process of PSCS.Further,seismic reflection and tomography also confirmed the subduction and collision of PSCS.Based on the geological records of the subduction and collision of PSCS,combined with the comprehensive analysis of segmented expansion and key tectonic events in the South China Sea,we establish the“gradual”subduction-collision evolution model of PSCS.During the late Eocene to middle Miocene,the Zengmu,Nansha,and Liyue–Palawan blocks were separated by West Baram Line and Balabac Fault,which collided with the Borneo block and Kagayan Ridge successively from the west to the east,forming several foreland basin systems,and PSCS subducted and closed from the west to the east.The subduction and extinction of PSCS controlled the oil and gas distribution pattern of southern South China Sea(SSCS)mainly in three aspects.First,the“gradual”closure process of PSCS led to the continuous development of many large deltas in SSCS.Second,the deltas formed during the subduction–collision of PSCS controlled the development of source rocks in the basins of SSCS.Macroscopically,the distribution and scale of deltas controlled the distribution and scale of source rocks,forming two types of source rocks,namely,coal measures and terrestrial marine facies.Microscopically,the difference of terrestrial higher plants carried by the delta controlled the proportion of macerals of source rocks.Third,the difference of source rocks mainly controlled the distribution pattern of oil and gas in SSCS.Meanwhile,the difference in the scale of source rocks mainly controlled the difference in the amount of oil and gas discoveries,resulting in a huge amount of oil and gas discoveries in the basin of SSCS.Meanwhile,the difference of macerals of source rocks mainly controlled the difference of oil and gas generation,forming the oil and gas distribution pattern of“nearshore oil and far-shore gas”.

Gradual Bedside Reduction of Gastroschisis in a Resource Constrained Setting: Preliminary Results from 32 Cases

Introduction: Gastroschisis is one of the neonatal pathologies with bad prognosis in developing countries due to a lack of equipment. We aim to report one way of managing this malformation that could be practised everywhere, constituting an alternative approach to surgery in poor areas. Patients and Methods: This observational and descriptive study included newborn babies with gastroschisis who underwent gradual bedside reduction at the Paediatric Surgery Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: Our cohort was constituted by 32 newborn babies with a mean age of 18.12 hours on admission. The Lefort type 2 was the most frequent in 81.25% of cases. The mean time for oral feeding after complete reduction was 17.4 days and the duration of hospital stay was 24.91 days. Survival rates were at 40.63%, with a residual hernia after healing in 38.46% of cases. Conclusion: Despite the high rate of mortality, gradual reduction of gastroschisis at the bedside seems to be an opportunity for resource constrained areas and can be an alternative solution to surgery.

Gradual Clamping Reduced Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in an Isolated Rat Heart Model

Objectives: We hypothesized that the organisms and their organs or tissues could adapt themselves to the gradual changes of environment for surviving or reducing damage. This study explored whether gradual clamping (GC) could reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rat heart. Methods: Twelve rats were randomized to IR group and GC group, then the hearts were isolated and perfused with Langendorff apparatus. Before cardioplegia, the perfusion was stopped abruptly in IR group while slowly with 5-minute in GC group. The hearts were subjected to 30-minute ischemia and 60-minute reperfusion. The left ventricular develop pressure (LVDP) and systolic pressure (LVSP), the maximal rate of the increase and decrease of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax, ﹣dp/dtmax) were measured by polygraph system at different time points. The recovery of the variables was expressed as the ratio of these values at individual time point after reperfusion to the baseline respectively. Results: The recovery of LVDP after reperfusion was better than that in IR group (P = 0.034). No significant difference in the recovery of LVSP, +dp/dtmax and ﹣dp/dtmax between groups was observed. Conclusions: Gradual clamping could improve the recovery of LVDP after IR, suggesting that gradual clamping could reduce myocardial IR injury.

英语短语动词的三要素——以away组成的含gradually之义的短语动词为例

从语义的角度来对短语动词进行系统地认知是一种科学的新理念、新方法。以短语动词中的副词或介词为主线来进行纵向的组群亦是切实可行的一种好方法。然后在横向上辨析相关的同义的短语。以三者的有机结合所形成的复合思维来加以认知则更具特色。由away组成的短语动词可表数个意义。含“gradually”之义时,所表意义为动状关系。

Gradual solution heat treatment of AlSiCuMg cast alloys

The microstructure characteristics of AlSiCuMg cast alloys were studied withdifferent Cu content and the gradual solution treatment by DSC, SEM, TEM and mechanical method. Themelting point of alpha (Al) + Si decreases and polynary eutectic phases with low melting point formwith increase of Cu content. Gradual solution treatment includes two steps: solution treating nearthe melting point of polynary eutectic phase to take it dissolve first, and then increasing solutiontemperature to take the remainder copper intermetallics dissolved into alpha (Al). Grain boundariesmelting can be avoided by gradual solution treatment, even the maximum solution temperature isabove final solidification point, and the age hardening response increases correspondingly

ANALYSIS MODEL ON GRADUAL CHANGE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECT ZONES OF LAYER FACE FOR ROLLED CONTROL CONCRETE DAM

The effect zones of layer face for RCC （rolled control concrete） dam have gradual change characteristics. Based on the analysis thought of complex material, a model was built to analyze above principle of RCC dam by use of series-wound and shunt-wound connection. Some methods were proposed to determine the instantaneous Young＇s modulus, delayed Young＇s modulus and viscosity coefficient of effect zones of layer face. Above models and methods were used to mine the principle of gradual change of key calculation parameters which can response the characteristics of effect zones. The principle of gradual change was described. A model was established to analyze the threedimensional viscoelastic problem of RCC dam. Above programs were developed. The examples show that the proposed models and methods to determine the key calculation parameters of effect zones can reflect the status of RCC dam accurately.

A gradually descent method for discrete global optimization

In this paper, a new method named as the gradually descent method was proposed to solve the discrete global optimization problem. With the aid of an auxiliary function, this method enables to convert the problem of finding one discrete minimizer of the objective function f to that of finding another at each cycle. The auxiliary function can ensure that a point, except a prescribed point, is not its integer stationary point if the value of objective function at the point is greater than the scalar which is chosen properly. This property leads to a better minimizer of f found more easily by some classical local search methods. The computational results show that this algorithm is quite efficient and reliable for solving nonlinear integer programming problems.

Gradual Band Energy to Passivate the Window Layer in Solar Cells

The passivation layers at the front of the cell are often referred as to the window layer because it must be transparent so as the solar cell has a high efficiency. In this work, numerical simulation has been proposed to study the effect of the AlGaAs gradual and normal windows on the cell sensitivity to the electron irradiation so as to passivate the solar cell. To expect the effect of gradual window layers, the J-V and P-V characteristics are confirmed better energy conversion performance of the illuminated solar cells after irradiation. The short circuit current Jsc and the open circuit voltage Voc are evaluated for different electron irradiation fluencies. The results show how the gradual window layer improves resistance to electron irradiation through its own parameters.

China's Science Gradually Strengthened

In order to ensure the steady development of our science, the Chinese government has continuously increased input in the last ten years. Information from the State Statistics Bureau shows that by the end of 1994, the national institutions and enterprises boasted 18.659 million technical experts, 4.3 times the number in 1978, or 1258 technical experts every ten thousand people, redoubling that of 1978. The whole country has 5860 independent scientific research and development (R & D) institutions,

On the Gradualness by the Narrative Ambiguity in The Sound and The Fury

How to disambiguate the four narrators'narratives is the critical step to understand the whole work of The Sound and The Fury. With the gradualness produced by the ambiguous narrators'narration of juxtaposition of modern and traditional narration,another synchronized gradualness of Caddy is discovered,too. On the basis of deconstruction and psycho - analyses,rich and deep significance is illustrated by elucidation of narrative gradualness,as a new way to disambiguate the narrators'narration.

行政法典化的渐进主义路径

行政法典是规范行政权和保护公民合法权益的最高级别的规范形式。法典化反映的是编纂法典的动态的发展趋势,其表现形式可以是多元化的,构造可以是多层次的,发展可以是渐进的、多阶段的。行政法典的理论构想包含行政法总则、行政基本法、行政程序法三种模式。行政法典化受行政法体系、立法成果、行政法理论以及文化等因素影响。从目标定位来看,要降低理想型、高级形态行政法典的预期,采取一种更为务实的局部性、适应性、渐进性、阶段性为特征的适度法典化的路径。在功能主义与渐进主义的双重视角下,把行政程序法作为行政基本法典的实现路径,更具有可行性和操作性。

大豆冠层叶片氮含量检测研究——基于无人机多光谱图像

为快速获取大豆冠层叶片氮素含量(Leaf Nitrogen Content,LNC)信息,采用无人机获取大豆冠层LNC多光谱影像光谱特征,通过分析光谱变量与LNC的相关性,选出对大豆冠层LNC敏感的光谱变量。利用逐步回归分析方法建立黑河43、龙垦310、龙垦3401在3个关键生育时期(R1、R3、R5)大豆LNC估测模型。研究结果表明:①在3个品种的3个生育期,除R5时期龙垦3401品种外,NDVI与LNC具有高度相关性,说明NDVI可以较好地进行大豆冠层LNC的反演。②在建模的过程中发现,在R1时期龙垦3401、黑河43、龙垦310所建模型的R2和RMSE依次为0.857、0.133,0.845、0.156,0.821、0.187;在R3时期龙垦3401、黑河43、龙垦310所建模型的R2和RMSE依次为0.835、0.204,0.881、0.113,0.849、0.162;在R5时期龙垦3401、黑河43、龙垦310所建模型的R2和RMSE依次为0.835、0.208,0.814、0.215,0.836、0.211。由此表明,利用无人机多光谱遥感图像数据可以很好地监测大豆LNC的空间分布情况。

小区尺度雨洪过程模拟及径流分配特性研究

为了研究小区尺度地表径流各组分占比随不同重现期降雨的变化规律,以西咸新区天福和园小区为研究对象,采用GAST-SWMM耦合模型,以模拟时长及地形边界条件为变量进行研究分析。研究表明:经两场实测降雨过程验证,模型确定性系数分别为0.83和0.82,表明构建的一二维耦合模型精度较高;在本文设置的两种工况下,小区地表径流外排率和管网排水率均随降雨重现期增大而以渐进曲线形式增大,土壤下渗占比和地表填洼率随降雨重现期增大而减小;小区地表径流外排和管网排水主要发生在降雨期间,分别占各自排水总量的94.88%和94.36%;小区地形边界条件对径流过程模拟的影响不容忽视,在有围墙及无围墙工况下平均地表径流外排率分别为9.42%、22.55%。本研究可为地势相对四周较低区域的排水防涝设计提供参考。

Experimental study of the flow structure of decelerating and accelerating flows under a gradually varying flume

The turbulence characteristics of both decelerating and accelerating flows under a gradually varying flume are investigated by using a three-dimensional down-looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter （ADV）. The time-averaged velocity profiles are flatened except for the central parts, and fairly fit into logarithmic laws and those in the plane circulation under the gradual expansion are more likely to be negative. The complex secondary currents are identified under the present gradual transition attributed to the combination of driving forces induced by both the boundary configuration variation and the tmbalanced turbulence： a circulation on each side of the expansion and a pair of circulations on each side of the contraction. One sees an anisotropy in the turbulence intensities, the turbulence intensities increase or level out with the flow depth except those under expansion, and the V component of the turbulence intensity typically outweighs that in the streamwise direction. Apart from the above results, the respective particular distributions of the primary Reynolds shear stresses （ rxy and rxz ） under the gradual expansion and contraction can account for the patterns of the secondary currents in this investigation.

Search recommendation model based on user search behavior and gradual forgetting collaborative filtering strategy

The existing search engines are lack of the consideration of personalization and display the same search results for different users despite their differences in interesting and purpose. By analyzing user＇s dynamic search behavior, the paper introduces a new method of using a keyword query graph to express user＇s dynamic search behavior, and uses Bayesian network to construct the prior probability of keyword selection and the migration probability between keywords for each user. To reflect the dynamic changes of the user＇s preference, the paper introduces non-lineal gradual forgetting collaborative filtering strategy into the personalized search recommendation model. By calculating the similarity between each two users, the model can do the recommendation based on neighbors and be used to construct the personalized search engine.

Improved Plasticity and Cold-rolling Workability of Fe–6.5wt%Si Alloy by Warm-rolling with Gradually Decreasing Temperature

The effects of warm-rolling process on the microstructure, ordering, mechanical properties and cold- rolling workability of Fe-6.Swt%Si alloy were investigated, where three processes of warm-rolling with the same total reduction of 93% were used, including （1） 500 ℃/12 passes/total reduction of 93%, （2） 500 ℃13 passes/total reduction of 50% ＋ 400 ℃19 passes/total reduction of 86%, and （3） 500 ℃13 passes/total reduction of 50% ＋ 400 ℃15 passes/total reduction of 60% ＋ 300 ℃14 passes/total reduction of 64%. The results show that compared with process （1） warm-rolling with constant temperature of 500 ℃, process （2） and process （3） warm-rolling with gradually decreasing temperature can significantly improve the room temperature plasticity and cold-rolling workability of the Fe-6.5wt%Si alloy. For example, the three point bending fracture deflections are increased by 54.5% and 81.8% for processes （2） and （3）, respectively, and the maximum reductions of single pass cold-rolling without edge crack are increased from 50% of process （1） to 55% of process （2） and 62% of process （3）, respectively. The plasticity improvement of the Fe- 6.5wt%Si alloy can be attributed to both reductions of surface oxidation degree and order degree of the alloy by warm-rolling with gradually decreasing temperature.

基于MDT的含DG配电网分层逐级协同调压策略研究

新型配电网分布式电源(Distributed Generation,DG)引起的低压侧电压波动是影响用户电能质量的关键因素。文中针对新型配电网的电压调节问题,在电网无功充足的条件下,提出了一种基于有载调压变压器(On-load Tap Changer,OLTC)与模块化配电变压器(Modular Distribution Transformer,MDT)的分层逐级协同调压策略。该策略首先提出电压断面质量这一概念并给出不同情况的建模方法,然后将电压波动范围分为三个区间:区间1为正常区间、区间2为轻微越限区间、区间3为严重越限区间。考虑到经济性和MDT的快响应性,策略将MDT作为主要调节方式,OLTC作为后备调节手段。最后通过仿真对比不同策略下的调节效果,验证了所提策略的合理性。

A 0.75 dB NF LNA in GaAs pHEMT utilizing gate–drain capacitance and gradual inductor

A two-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit （MMIC） low noise amplifier （LNA） fabricated in 0.5 μm GaAs pHEMT is presented. The Miller effect introduced by the parasitic gate-drain capacitance is utilized to decrease the value of the input inductor. Additionally, the input on-chip inductor is a novel high Q gradual structure. The noise figure is reduced with these two methods. With good input and output matching, the LNA achieves a noise figure of 0.75 dB and a small signal gain of 32.7 dB over 698-806 MHz. The input 1 dB compression point is -21.8 dBm and the input third order interception point is -10 dBm.