From nuclear submarines to graduate medical education: applying David Marquet's intent-based leadership model

L.David Marquet,a decorated Navy Captain,transformed an under performing submarine crew by empowering his subordinates to be leaders and reach their full potential.He called this intent-based leadership(IBL).What would happen if Marquet’s model were implemented in Graduate Medical Education(GME)?In this letter to the editor,we summarize the potential of the IBL model in graduate medical education as opposed to the traditional leaderfollower method.IBL harnesses human productivity toward the shared goals of GME,which are patient care and trainee learning.This shift in mindset could lead both teachers and trainees to focus more on the real reason that we undertake GME and change behaviors for the better.We suggest that IBL can and should be adopted in GME and propose that both patients and providers will benefit from this action.

Forecasting Study on Demand and Supply of Medical Postgraduates

This article was designed to forecast the supply and demand of medical postgraduate from 2001 to 2010 and bring forward the development strategy of medical postgraduate education in Hubei province. The line regression, the ratio of health manpower to population, grey dynamics model (1,1) was employed to forecast the supply and demand of medical postgraduate according to the corresponding data from 1991 to 2000 in Hubei province. The results showed that the number of health professionals of Hubei province in 2010 would attain 265892, the graduates' proportion of which would be about 1.8 %; and the demand and supply of medical postgraduate would be 4699 and 2264 respectively. To improve conditions actively to attract and cultivate excellent professionals, especially the senior medical scholars, are effective measures to adjust the degree structure of health manpower as soon as possible in Hubei province.

Educating Survivors:The Traumatic Effects of Sexual Assault on Student Academic Achievement in Graduate Education

Many educational and trauma psychologists have studied the impacts that rape and sexual assault have on the well-being of undergraduate students.However,few have analyzed the traumatic impact such events have on students after their undergraduate careers.This work looks at how students respond immediately and the years following a rape situation as they encounter the academic demands of graduate level education.Based on a study I ran in the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia,this work scrutinizes the academic achievement differences in these two groups.This analysis uses the constructs outlined by psychologists regarding the added academic expectations in graduate education and studies involving the responses undergraduate students have in the classroom after experiencing similar scenarios.This will show the huge lulling impact such trauma has on a graduate student.In so doing,this work illuminates the dramatic impact that trauma can have on a student’s mind and shows that no matter what level of higher education a student is encountering this trauma in,the effects on a student’s learning capacity are drastic.Moreover,this work outlines for educators the added challenges their students may face who are in similar situations.This article is dedicated to Dr.Paul Menzer and Dr.Kerry Cooke who proved to be the most understanding and caring educators I have experienced in my academic career.

Graduate education of library science in China:Current status and recommendations for improvement

More than twenty years ago,Wuhan University and Nanjing University offered library science(LS)graduate programs.Since then,LS graduate education has been growing quickly in many aspects.At the same time,however,LS graduate education was also facing enormous challenges stemming from the dynamic development and wide applications of information technologies into the pedagogical arena of teaching and learning at all levels.Social evolution also made it necessary for LS educators to re-examine once again their graduate education model,curricular composition,educational philosophy and educational missions.In analyzing the present situation of LS graduate education in China,this paper focuses on the following issues:1)Growing size of LS graduate education(quantity and quality);2)educational objectives,including research direction and placement for graduates;3)structure of knowledge and curricular construction;4)conditions of administering a library school of high quality and 5)the management of teaching resources.The keystone of this paper is to pinpoint where current library science curricular deficiencies are lying.It is hoped that more serious scholarly discussions and perhaps also even concerted efforts among LS scholars and library practioners may be evoked in having the graduate education system of library and information science thoroughly realigned for the informational needs of the 21st century.

交叉融合平台研究生思政教育面临问题和对策建议

交叉融合是当前高校专业发展的大势,多学科交叉融合平台是拔尖创新人才培养的重要载体,是顺应新时代高校教育发展、加强高校思想政治教育工作、建设科技强国的必然要求,也是培育时代新人的历史要求。文章分析交叉融合平台研究生群体的特征,思政教育面临的问题,提出“创新党支部设置,健全全员育人机制,强化科研育人能效”三位一体的多学科交叉融合平台下研究生思想政治教育的对策建议。

Flipped classroom approach to global outreach:cross-cultural teaching of horizontal strabismus to Chinese ophthalmology residents

AIM:To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States.METHODS:Residents from an ophthalmology residency program in China were invited to participate in flipped classroom sessions taught by an experienced American ophthalmology faculty in 2018.Residents were instructed to watch a pre-class video lecture prior to the in-class-casebased activity.Content tests(5 Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program style questions)and surveys were administered before and after the classroom sessions(100%response rate).These results were compared to that of an American cohort who were taught the same content.RESULTS:The Chinese cohort of 12 residents preferred the flipped classroom to the traditional classroom at higher rates than the American cohort of 40 residents(92%vs 55%,P=0.04)and felt that all ophthalmology topics would be appropriate for the flipped classroom teaching style(P-values between 0.008 and<0.001).In both Chinese and American cohorts,we found that the exotropia curriculum saw a small but significant improvement in performance following the flipped classroom session(P=0.025 for Chinese residents;P=0.001 for US residents),whereas scores in both groups for the esotropia course did not significantly improve.CONCLUSION:This is the first study to evaluate the flipped classroom model implemented by a visiting ophthalmology professor in a global outreach setting.The flipped classroom sessions are viewed favorably by the Chinese residents relative to the US cohort with a modest impact on knowledge.Decreased in-person interpreter requirement and increased student engagement make this model valuable in cross-cultural visiting professorship settings.Finally,the flipped classroom may lend itself well to a virtual format to prevent the transmission of COVID-19,although such a format requires further study.

CBL教学法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院医师培训中的应用体会

案例为基础的教学(case based learning,CBL)是一种以病例为核心,以问题为基础、以学生为主体、以教师为主导的讨论式教学方法,不仅具有PBL(problem based learning)的优点,又符合临床医学教育的特点。CBL教学方法在培养专业硕士及住院医师的临床诊疗思维,继而转化为临床科研思维上具有重要作用,对于培养住院医师开展临床研究具有重要意义。目前,CBL教学法已成为医学教育教学的最实用、高效的方法之一。作者结合自身临床实践和带教的经历,浅谈CBL教学法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院医师培训中的应用。

现代高科技与传统教学模式的整合推动个性化教学效果——从耳鼻咽喉科临床型硕士研究生培养探讨教学改革

临床型硕士研究生的培养目标是具有高水平临床诊疗能力的应用型人才,结合耳鼻喉科的学科特点,我们通过个性化规范教学充分发挥研究生的主观能动性,通过现代影像视频教学手段强化学生的临床技能,通过信息化教学巩固学生的学习效果,全面发展学生的临床技能。

以PBL为基础的情景教学法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科研究生教学中的应用

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科研究生阶段的教学应具有临床实用性和技巧性,因此将以解决问题为基础的情景教学法(problem based learning,PBL)应用于教学过程中,在提高学生参与教学的积极性的同时提高教学效果。

耳鼻咽喉科研究生培养与教学思考

医学研究生培养具有特殊性,要深刻领会专业学位研究生培养的思想,充分发挥导师作用,正确处理好课题研究和临床能力培养的关系,实现临床能力、科研素质的同步提升,才能真正为临床培养高层次人才。

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科硕士研究生培养

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学在本科阶段作为选修课,且该科室不作为实习常规科室导致作为耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专业硕士研究生新生伊始对此专业知识及临床技能操作的能力知之甚少甚至缺乏兴趣,这就对导师如何引导学生入门、培养直至成为一名合格的耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师以及研究者提出了挑战。

Strategy of Improving Graduate Matriculate Quality Under the New Situation

By analyzing the problems existing in graduate enrollment in various colleges and universities,the paper puts forward several measures to improve the graduate matriculate quality combined with graduate matriculate characteristics and selection criterion of talented students.A selection mechanism for graduate students suitable for the objective of talents training in colleges and universities is constructed,which will provide certain theoretical basis for smooth implementation of graduate training objectives and the overall goal of improving the quality of graduate education.

An Evaluation of Burnout among Foundation Doctors in Malta—A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Background: Postgraduate medical trainees are at an increased risk of burnout. Burnout has been defined as “a psychological condition of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment occurring in people persistently exposed to emotional and interpersonal stressors at work”. It can arise either from within the individual, from the medical profession itself or from healthcare organisations. Burnout is associated with mental health issues in trainees, impaired work performance and suboptimal patient outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the level of burnout among trainees of the Malta Foundation Programme. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of three cohorts of the Malta Foundation Programme was conducted using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) to evaluate incidence of personal-, work-related and client related burnout. The cohorts were at 3 months, 1 year and 2 years of training respectively. The CBI was administered via Google Forms after ethical clearance. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric comparative statistics were used to analyse the results through SPSS v25.0. Results: A global response rate of 26.5% was achieved. CBI and its subscales showed good internal validity. High scores for burnout in all three scales were identified except for client-related burnout in First Year doctors. Burnout peaked midway through the 2-year period. High numbers reported “feeling “tired” and “physically exhausted”. Males reported more burnout than females. Conclusion: The high level of burnout so early in the career of Maltese postgraduate medical trainees is of concern. More studies are needed on the causality of this burnout and what factors are associated with burnout in this population.

Reform of the Course System of Network Security Theory and Technology for Foreign Students in China

Theory and technology of network security is the core course of information security major,however,it still faces many challenges in the education of foreign graduate students studying in China.This paper analyzes the status quo and existing problems in the course of theory and technology of network security for foreign graduate students studying in China,the most fundamental of which is that the existing teaching materials are difficult to meet the needs of foreign graduate students.In view of the problem,this paper discusses how to improve the existing teaching materials to adapt to the teaching needs for foreign students and puts forward some new ideas and reform measures.

Program & faculty evaluation

Graduate medical education(GME)has shifted its curricula from process-oriented approach to outcomes-oriented models.Program and faculty evaluation are methods by which educational curricula may adjust the teaching and learning environment to meet the needs and fills the gaps in GME.The measurement of educational outcomes is an essential for assessing teaching effectiveness in a shifting health care environment.In addition to trainee,program,and faculty evaluations,annual program review(APR)and evaluation and navigational changes made by the program education committee are essential to maintain effectiveness of an educational curriculum in a contemporary graduate medical training program.

Compiling Textbook of Elastic-plastic Mechanics for Major of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering

"Elastic-plastic mechanics"is a required course for engineering postgraduates in petroleum colleges and universities,such as students who major in oil and gas storage and transportation engineering.It is the basis for personnel engaged in structural safety assessment.In the past teaching process,the teaching effects of this course were unsatisfactory.There are many reasons for this phenomenon,such as the strong theoretical nature of this course,the need for a large number of formula derivation,the high requirements for students'mechanical foundation and mathematical foundation,the lack of appropriate teaching materials and the slackness of students'minds.Based on years of teaching experience,the teaching team has reformed the existing teaching materials of“Elastic-plastic mechanics”to meet the needs of petroleum colleges and universities.In this reform,we have referred to a large number of published textbooks of“Elasticplastic mechanics”and the experience of textbook construction at home and abroad.The newly compiled textbook of“Elastic-plastic mechanics”plays a certain role in improving the teaching quality of“Elastic-plastic mechanics”in petroleum colleges and universities.

Graduate Education's Trying Times

As more and more people in China attend graduate schools, experts are raising questions about the quality of the education students receive, and some view the outlook as relatively bleak unless major changes are made. At the National Association for the Study of Higher Education's 2005 annual meeting in November at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Xuhui campus), a task force led by Yang Jie,