Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three...Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research effects of N quantity on grain-filling characters of two-line hybrid rice cultivars with large ears. [Method] Peiza 67 and 88, two-line hybridized rice with large ears, were made us...[Objective] The aim was to research effects of N quantity on grain-filling characters of two-line hybrid rice cultivars with large ears. [Method] Peiza 67 and 88, two-line hybridized rice with large ears, were made use of to study on effects of N fertilizer in different quantities （LN： 90 kg/hm2;MN： 180 kg/hm2;HN： 270 kg/hm2） on plumpness and grain-filling characters. [Result] When N fertilizers were excessive, for inferior grains, grain-filling rate decreased and grain-filling time extended, resulting in plumpness decline after degradation of leaves＇ function. When N fertilizers were inadequate, maximal and average grain-filling rates decreased and the differences between superior and inferior grains in grain-filling rate increased, leading to decline of grain＇s weight and plumpness degree. On the other hand, quantity of N fertilizers had little effect on superior grains in plumpness. [Conclusion] The research provided references for reasonable use of N fertilizer and improvement of rice yield and N use.展开更多
Ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel is widely used as a structural material in thermal and nuclear power plants.However,it is susceptible to intergranular damage,which is a critical issue,under service conditions.In this s...Ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel is widely used as a structural material in thermal and nuclear power plants.However,it is susceptible to intergranular damage,which is a critical issue,under service conditions.In this study,to improve the resistance to intergranular damage of F/M steel,a thermomechanical process(TMP)was employed to achieve a grain boundary engineering(GBE)microstructure in F/M steel P92.The TMP,including cold-rolling thickness reduction of 6%,9%,and 12%,followed by austenitization at 1323 K for 40 min and tempering at 1053 K for 45 min,was applied to the as-received(AR)P92 steel.The prior austenite grain(PAG)size,prior austenite grain boundary character distribution(GBCD),and connectivity of prior austenite grain boundaries(PAGBs)were investigated.Compared to the AR specimen,the PAG size did not change significantly.The fraction of coincident site lattice boundaries(CSLBs,3≤Σ≤29)and Σ3^(n) boundaries along PAGBs decreased with increasing reduction ratio because the recrystallization fraction increased with increasing reduction ratio.The PAGB connectivity of the 6%deformed specimen slightly deteriorated compared with that of the AR specimen.Moreover,potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the intergranular damage resistance of the studied steel could be improved by increasing the fraction of CSLBs along the PAGBs,indicating that the TMP,which involves low deformation,could enhance the intergranular damage resistance.展开更多
The study investigates the effects of cold-rolling reduction on the recrystallization-annealed Nb ＋ Ti stabilized ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel with 21% Cr in regards to its microstructure evolution, grain size...The study investigates the effects of cold-rolling reduction on the recrystallization-annealed Nb ＋ Ti stabilized ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel with 21% Cr in regards to its microstructure evolution, grain size,recrystallization texture, and grain boundary characteristic distribution and disorientation angle. The research employed the electron back scattered diffraction technique and its results have shown that the average grain size was reduced and the {111 / 〈 112 〉 component was strengthened,which rotated towards {5541 〈225 〉 and {4451 〈384 〉 ,with an increasing cold-rolling reduction. The number fraction of the low-angle grain boundary and the coincidence site lattice （CSL） boundary ,which was mainly made up of ∑3,∑7∑11 and ∑13b, also increased.展开更多
本文通过单螺杆挤压机改性白酒糟(Distiller's grains,DGs),研究了挤压物料水分(21%、24%、27%、30%、33%)对白酒糟醇溶蛋白(Prolamins from distiller's grains,PDGs)理化(溶解度、表面疏水性、巯基和二硫键含量)、功能(持水...本文通过单螺杆挤压机改性白酒糟(Distiller's grains,DGs),研究了挤压物料水分(21%、24%、27%、30%、33%)对白酒糟醇溶蛋白(Prolamins from distiller's grains,PDGs)理化(溶解度、表面疏水性、巯基和二硫键含量)、功能(持水、持油能力)和二、三级结构等性质的影响。结果表明,不同挤压物料水分对PDGs改性效果具有显著影响,随物料水分增加,挤压对PDGs天然结构的破坏程度逐渐增大,分子构象的改变促进内部亲水基团的暴露和二硫键的生成,物料水分为27%时,溶解度提高了1.56倍,达到34.75%,表面疏水性降低了56.11%,增强了持水能力,热变性温度由96.79℃增大到102.53℃,热稳定性更强,PDGs经变性重排后,蛋白聚集体有序程度增加。而物料水分过高时(高于27%),挤压造成PDGs过度变性,稳定聚集态的破坏反而会弱化其亲水、热特性、有序程度等,说明挤压物料水分对PDGs性质的改变具有十分重要的调控作用。展开更多
文摘Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.
基金Supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Agricultural Public Welfare Profession(200903008-09)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research effects of N quantity on grain-filling characters of two-line hybrid rice cultivars with large ears. [Method] Peiza 67 and 88, two-line hybridized rice with large ears, were made use of to study on effects of N fertilizer in different quantities （LN： 90 kg/hm2;MN： 180 kg/hm2;HN： 270 kg/hm2） on plumpness and grain-filling characters. [Result] When N fertilizers were excessive, for inferior grains, grain-filling rate decreased and grain-filling time extended, resulting in plumpness decline after degradation of leaves＇ function. When N fertilizers were inadequate, maximal and average grain-filling rates decreased and the differences between superior and inferior grains in grain-filling rate increased, leading to decline of grain＇s weight and plumpness degree. On the other hand, quantity of N fertilizers had little effect on superior grains in plumpness. [Conclusion] The research provided references for reasonable use of N fertilizer and improvement of rice yield and N use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175231 and 11805131),Anhui Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2108085J05)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(No.51111140389)the Collaborative Innovation Program of the Hefei Science Center,CAS(Nos.2021HSC-CIP020 and 2022HSCCIP009).
文摘Ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel is widely used as a structural material in thermal and nuclear power plants.However,it is susceptible to intergranular damage,which is a critical issue,under service conditions.In this study,to improve the resistance to intergranular damage of F/M steel,a thermomechanical process(TMP)was employed to achieve a grain boundary engineering(GBE)microstructure in F/M steel P92.The TMP,including cold-rolling thickness reduction of 6%,9%,and 12%,followed by austenitization at 1323 K for 40 min and tempering at 1053 K for 45 min,was applied to the as-received(AR)P92 steel.The prior austenite grain(PAG)size,prior austenite grain boundary character distribution(GBCD),and connectivity of prior austenite grain boundaries(PAGBs)were investigated.Compared to the AR specimen,the PAG size did not change significantly.The fraction of coincident site lattice boundaries(CSLBs,3≤Σ≤29)and Σ3^(n) boundaries along PAGBs decreased with increasing reduction ratio because the recrystallization fraction increased with increasing reduction ratio.The PAGB connectivity of the 6%deformed specimen slightly deteriorated compared with that of the AR specimen.Moreover,potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the intergranular damage resistance of the studied steel could be improved by increasing the fraction of CSLBs along the PAGBs,indicating that the TMP,which involves low deformation,could enhance the intergranular damage resistance.
文摘The study investigates the effects of cold-rolling reduction on the recrystallization-annealed Nb ＋ Ti stabilized ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel with 21% Cr in regards to its microstructure evolution, grain size,recrystallization texture, and grain boundary characteristic distribution and disorientation angle. The research employed the electron back scattered diffraction technique and its results have shown that the average grain size was reduced and the {111 / 〈 112 〉 component was strengthened,which rotated towards {5541 〈225 〉 and {4451 〈384 〉 ,with an increasing cold-rolling reduction. The number fraction of the low-angle grain boundary and the coincidence site lattice （CSL） boundary ,which was mainly made up of ∑3,∑7∑11 and ∑13b, also increased.
文摘本文通过单螺杆挤压机改性白酒糟(Distiller's grains,DGs),研究了挤压物料水分(21%、24%、27%、30%、33%)对白酒糟醇溶蛋白(Prolamins from distiller's grains,PDGs)理化(溶解度、表面疏水性、巯基和二硫键含量)、功能(持水、持油能力)和二、三级结构等性质的影响。结果表明,不同挤压物料水分对PDGs改性效果具有显著影响,随物料水分增加,挤压对PDGs天然结构的破坏程度逐渐增大,分子构象的改变促进内部亲水基团的暴露和二硫键的生成,物料水分为27%时,溶解度提高了1.56倍,达到34.75%,表面疏水性降低了56.11%,增强了持水能力,热变性温度由96.79℃增大到102.53℃,热稳定性更强,PDGs经变性重排后,蛋白聚集体有序程度增加。而物料水分过高时(高于27%),挤压造成PDGs过度变性,稳定聚集态的破坏反而会弱化其亲水、热特性、有序程度等,说明挤压物料水分对PDGs性质的改变具有十分重要的调控作用。
