Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States:An 11-year nationwide populationbased study

BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not screened.Current practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and EAC.The population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains limited.AIM To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United States.METHODS A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database.Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were identified.The major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with BE.Trend analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based shifts.RESULTS We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study period.Among the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were women.The mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of H.pylori and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among women has steadily increased from 2009 to 2019.The existing knowledge concerning BE development has historically focused on men,but our findings show that the risk in women is not insignificant.

On the Gender Difference of Translator's Subjectivity in Literary Translation

Translation is an activity aimed at transferring the source language to the target language,related to many aspects involving culture,society,history and so on.The translator plays a critical role in translation practice.Xu Jun considers"translator’s subjectivity should be reflected to be artistic personal consciousness in translated works."Translator’s differences in age,gender,personal traits,educational level and other aspects make translation artistry completely divergent.Therefore,translator’s subjectivity shoulders great significances on the success of literary translation,which isn’t arbitrary,out of control,must be conducted in line with essence of the original work.This paper focuses on the gender difference of translator’s subjectivity in literary translation,hoping to find a way of eliminating the influence of it in the translation work.

Impact of body mass index and gender on quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM： To investigate the symptom presentation and quality of life in obese Chinese patients with gastro- esophageal reflux disease （GERD）. MKTHODS： Data from patients diagnosed with GERD according to the Montreal definition, were collected between January 2009 to March 2010. The enrolled patients were assigned to the normal [body mass in- dex （BMI） 〈 25 kg/m2], overweight （25-30 kg/m2）, and obese （BMI 〉 30 kg/m2） groups. General demographic data, endoscopic findings, and quality of life of the three groups of patients were analyzed and compared.and 15 patients were classified in the normal, over- weight, and obese, respectively. There was significantly more erosive esophagitis （73.3% vs 64.3% vs 39.2%, P = 0.002）, hiatal hernia （60% vs 33.9% vs 16.7%, P = 0.001）, and males （73.3% vs 73.2% vs 32.4%, P = 0.001） in the obese cases. The severity and frequency of heartburn, not acid regurgitation, was positively cor- related with BMI, with a significant association in men, but not in women. Obese patients were prone to have low quality of life scores, with obese women having the lowest scores for mental health. CONCLUSION： In patients with GERD, obese men had the most severe endoscopic and clinical presenta- tion. Obese women had the poorest mental health.

Gender and rural transformation:A systematic literature review

Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.

Breast Cancer Paradox: High Curability versus High Mortality from a Gender Perspective

Despite being considered a potentially curable disease, breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death in women worldwide, establishing the following paradox: high curability versus high mortality. Among the conditions conducive to this situation, such as difficult access to diagnosis and treatment and social support by the State, there is the need to discuss the impact of women’s caregiving, the backbone of the female gender role, on self-care in health. Gender has a powerful effect on determining health status: it may limit different rates of exposure to certain risks, different patterns in the quest for treatment or differential impacts of the social and economic determinants of health. The study shows the results of a qualitative methodology with nine women aged 48 to 74 years with varying levels of schooling and socioeconomic status, who had breast cancer at some stage of adult life and who regularly attend a nongovernmental organization (NGO) to support women with breast cancer, in the city of Niterói (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The participants’ discourses evidenced the idea of the primacy of the caregiving, the idealized image of the warrior woman and their self-neglect and State’s care as elements of the potential impact on the choices of these women concerning self-care, and consequently in their experiences of illness.

Exploring Gender-Associated Socioeconomic Differences in Parkinson’s Disease

Background: Research on gender in Parkinson’s disease (PD) frequently focuses on clinical differences between men and women. Socioeconomic factors such as race, ethnicity, insurance type, and level of educational attainment, have not been extensively examined in relation to gender differences in PD. The goal of this study was to identify differences in PD presentation in men and women, and identify socioeconomic factors that may confound such differences. Methods: A movement disorder patient database containing 445 patients with idiopathic PD was analyzed for gender differences in motor symptoms and disease complications using linear or logistic regression. Socioeconomic variables were then evaluated as possible confounders. Results: A greater proportion of women were non-white (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis of gender, and multivariate analysis controlling for age at diagnosis and socioeconomic factors were concordant in demonstrating increased frequency of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in women (p < 0.05). Controlled, multivariate analysis, when compared to univariate analysis, uniquely demonstrated that women were less likely to experience dementia and autonomic dysfunction, relative to men (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Women with PD are susceptible to motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, but may be relatively protected against dementia and autonomic dysfunction. Women and men with PD in our population had different socioeconomic profiles, which may have confounded some gender-associated differences.

Alzheimer’s Disease: An Analysis of Gender Effects

Alzheimer’s disease is a dreaded outcome that affects both men and women in later years of life. While root causes of this form of dementia are not clear, various factors are known that contribute to the risk of development and the reduction in risks based on gender and our choices in life. This paper evaluates the various factors that affect the risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease as we age. The focus of this paper is gender considerations in a mathematical model programmed in Excel. The model was first presented by Gregory [1] and was calibrated on one of the original population data sets with 50 - 50 male and female participants. This model overpredicted the risks for women and underpredicted the risks for men. A solution to this problem was found based on published values of sex hormones for men and women. Based on the expanded current model, two major factors contribute to the gender differences in predictions: gender factor values (10.5 ml·kg-1·min-1 for men and 3.5 ml·kg-1·min-1 for women) used in VO2max equations and a sex hormone factor that changes as hormones change for men and women with age. Smoking differences associated with gender and the risk associated with smoking was added to the model. Cognitive reserve based on education differences between men and women was also added. These are minor components compared to hormone effects. The expanded model includes an input for unsaturated fat diets and cholesterol reducing medications and use of Viagra by men that is known to reduce risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Predictions from the expanded model closely matched measured values from age 50 through age 95 for each gender with R2 values of 0.99, which were highly significant (p = 0.001). The expanded model predictions matched the reduced lifetime risk for men and women associated with a data set that included a population with the opportunity to use statins and Viagra. The expanded model seems to work well for both men and women.

Karma Chameleon: Performative Acts, Gender Constitution, and the Second British Invasion

The aim is to examine the performative acts and gender constitution in the context of the Second British Invasion.Despite the pervasive character of patriarchy and the prevalence of sexual difference as an operative culturaldistinction, gender was not passively scripted on the bodies of many British singers. The subversive performancesdid not exclude suffering and marginalization but simultaneously undermined compulsory coherence.

Policy Towards Gender Equality in Employment in a Globalizing Economy——An outline of the analysis report on the impacts of China's economic reform on women employment

1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the International Trade Research Institute in China.It is jointly implemented by the Institute ofEconomic Research of the Chinese State Planning Commission and the North—South Institute of Canada。

An Analysis of Japanese Economy and Labor Market From Disparities by Gender and Employment Types of Lifetime and Annual Income,Public Pension Benefit and Redistribution

The purpose of this study is the maintenance of Japan’s economy by labor economics and public finance.I analyze(1)considering differences by gender and employment type by labor economics of applied microeconomics,and also(2)considering income,tax and social insurance obligations,and public pension benefits by public finance.1.In Japan,a regular employee has more men than women,and an irregular employee has more women than men.2.Japan’s current significant economic issues are rapidly decreasing population and other.3.All people from 20 years old pay the public pension insurance every month,and all people about from 70 years old can receive public pension benefit every month.4.The average lifespan is 100 years old,and a woman is higher than a man.Using individual data from the Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications'"National Survey of Income and Expenditure",I conducted an analysis on both an annual and lifetime basis of male and female workers from their 20s to 60s who are regular or irregular employees in the labor market.Furthermore,I studied men and women in from their 70s to 100 years old who receive public pension benefits.

Gender Is Cultural Rather Than Natural—Jane Campion's The Piano

Sex and gender have been confusingly categorised by many scholars.Sex refers to biological characteristics;gender,can also be influenced by biology but does not determined by it.Unlike sex,which is determined by nature at birth,gender is a social construct specifying the culturally prescribed roles that men and women are to follow and represent.In order to argue that gender attaches to culture and that gender identity is shaped socially and culturally,this essay analyses Jane Campion’s The Piano from three perspectives.Firstly,the essay will examine the way people in the film represent their gender characters through three repeatedly demonstrated narrative motifs,clothing,the axe and the piano,to illustrate that gender is performative and that cultural gender identities advocate specific performances in terms of behaviour,speech,views,etc.(Butler,2011).Then,through an analysis of the different gazes of the characters in the film,the essay indicates that social and cultural interaction between the genders can go beyond and blur the boundaries of the stereotypical categories of male and female.In the third section,the essay will argue that social rules and discourse also play a prominent role in shaping people’s gender,by discussing how the characters represent and re-define their gender identity under the pressure of the patriarchal society they inhabit.

The Evaluation and Analysis of the Government’s Entity Responsibilities of Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s Development

During the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,the chinese government,on the basis of adhering to the constitutional principle of equality between men and women,has proposed and resolutely implemented the basic state policy of equality between men and women,and constantly explored and implemented ways and measures to promote gender equality and the women’s all-round development.in enacting laws,formulating policies,drawing up plans and deploying work,the chinese government has taken into account the practical differences between the genders and the special interests of women,promoted women’s equal exercising of their democratic rights,equal participation in economic and social development and equal enjoyment of the fruits of reform and development,and provided stronger systematic and institutional guarantees for women’s development.

The Rise of China’s Women’s Basketball Team:An Exploration of Gender Equality in Professional Basketball

This article explores the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team in professional basketball and its relationship to gender equality issues.In view of the gender differences in salary,market value,social status,and other aspects,the article proposes a series of strategies to promote the realization of gender equality for female basketball players in professional basketball.This article points out that the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team will lead the process of gender equality and lay the foundation for a more equitable and inclusive future.To achieve this goal,this article highlights the importance of improving the competitive level of female athletes,improving basic education,promoting basketball culture,and promoting gender equality.

独生子女性别会影响父母的二胎生育意愿吗?——基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据的研究

通过对中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2012年的数据研究发现,独生子女(第一胎)性别可以影响父母的二胎生育意愿,独生男孩对父母的二胎生育意愿产生显著的负向影响,而这种影响对城市居民和父亲更显著。本文通过交互项分析得出收入、父亲抚育子女时间、教育开支和房价是独生子女性别影响居民二胎生育意愿的因素,居民收入和父亲抚育子女时间的提高可以显著促进独生男孩家庭的二胎生育意愿,教育支出和房价则会抑制二胎生育意愿,其中教育支出的抑制效应随着年龄增大而增大,房价只对45岁以上群体才产生显著影响。因此,提高收入、增加育龄人群闲暇时间、稳定房价、减轻育儿成本特别是教育支出有利于二胎政策的全面顺利实施。

刍议当前农村家庭养老中的新性别差异——对晋东S村的实地调查

通过对晋东S村的实地调查,分析了当前农村家庭养老中的新性别差异。虽然女儿越来越多地与儿子一样承担起了养老责任,但与儿子相比,村落社会中的女儿养老行为依然有很多独特之处。在赡养方式上,女儿多以"回娘家"的方式赡养父母,而儿子则以"轮养"的方式赡养父母;在赡养时间上,在双方自立时期女儿就已承担起了赡养责任,而儿子则在父母需要赡养时才承担养老责任;在赡养规则上,女儿赡养父母的逻辑以"情感"为主,儿子赡养父母则主要遵循理性逻辑。

基于RF-DS图谱信息融合的孵化早期鸡胚蛋性别无损检测

针对图像或光谱单一信息检测孵化早期胚蛋性别识别率不高的问题,该研究提出一种随机森林(Random Forest,RF)和证据理论(Dempster-Shafer,D-S)的图谱信息融合的无损检测方法。利用机器视觉和光谱仪分别采集孵化期第4天水平横放的胚蛋信息,在对胚蛋图像和光谱预处理的基础上,提取图像纹理特征和光谱特征,再分别以2类单特征的RF分类结果作为独立证据构造基本概率分配函数,运用D-S证据理论进行决策级融合,根据分类判决门限得出最终的识别结果。试验结果表明,图像和光谱单特征RF模型识别准确率最高分别达78.00%和82.67%,多特征决策融合识别法准确率达到88.00%,其中雌雄识别率分别达到90.00%和86.25%,单个鸡蛋的平均判别用时为2.843 s。结果表明,该光谱-图像信息融合方法可以提高孵化早期胚蛋雌雄识别准确率。

Biomarkers and Depressive Symptoms in Older Women with and without Cognitive Impairment

A number of biological markers have been implicated in late life depression with inconsistent results. The present study examined the relationship between several serum based biomarkers and symptoms of depression in a sample of elderly women with AD or cognitively intact. Methods 171 females (58 with AD and 113 cognitively intact) were recruited from the Longitudinal Research Cohort of the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Consortium (TARC). Stepwise regressions were conducted with GDS total and subscales and a panel of biomarkers (CRP, IL-10, IL-1α, TNF-α, ICAM-1, BDNF, and MIF). ApoE4 status was coded (carrier or non-carrier), and the results were analyzed by cognitive status (AD or controls). Results: None of the biomarkers significantly predicted total GDS score for AD cases, controls or sample as a whole. For the Controls, ICAM significantly predicted Dysphoria and level of Apathy. Among AD patients, MIF, ICAM, and CRP, were significantly associated with Apathy. MIF and ICAM were inversely associated with reported Apathy. CRP was positively associated with Apathy. CRP was also positively related to level of perceived Cognitive Impairment. Conclusions: The present study was one of the first to examine biomarkers related to depression symptoms in elderly women with AD and normal controls. For Controls ICAM alone predicted level of apathy. In the AD group, MIF, CRP, and ICAM were significantly associated with apathy. More research examining the relationship between biomarkers and depression is needed in older patients with and without cognitive impairment across genders.

雾天环境下S形弯道驾驶行为特性

为了研究雾天环境对驾驶员在S形弯道车辆控制能力的影响,借助驾驶模拟器,选取46名驾驶员在雾天条件下进行S形路段驾驶试验。采集直线段、过渡段、曲线段的驾驶试验数据进行多变量方差和卡方检验分析能见度、驾驶经验、性别对驾驶速度、减速距离和偏离次数的影响。结果表明,能见度条件对3个阶段的车辆控制能力均有显著性影响,尤其在过渡阶段影响最为明显,驾驶员的减速距离、偏离次数均有显著性差异;专业驾驶员相对于非专业驾驶员在曲线通过过程中更倾向于谨慎型驾驶风格;女性驾驶员在曲线驾驶中车辆控制能力明显低于男性驾驶员,且非专业女驾驶员在曲线驾驶中是最容易受伤害的群体。