Analysis of the Management Measures After the Issuance of National Grants in Higher Vocational Colleges

The national grants are a subsidy policy implemented by the government to help students with financial issues to complete their studies.It can promote the healthy development of China’s education and cultivate a large number of outstanding talents for the country.In specific practice,some higher vocational colleges did not take effective management measures after distributing the national grant,which prevented the national grant from playing its due role.Based on this,this article summarizes the problems in the management of higher vocational colleges after the issuance of national grants,explores effective management measures,and lists examples to summarize management experience,so as to provide guidelines for relevant personnel.

Abstracts and Travel Grants

Abstrats We look forward to receiving abstracts from all over the world on a wide range of cancer related topics All

Scholars may apply for grants of academic leaves

Regulations on academic vacations for overseas scholars have recently been issued at the CAS Institute of Physics (IOP).

4G FDD License Grants to Increased Competition

On February 27,China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)granted China Telecom(CT,unrated)and China Unicom(unrated)nationwide permits to provide LTE/4G FDD service.The approvals were widely expected and the credit impact to China Mobile Limited(Aa3 stable),while negative,should be modest.The increased competition is unlikely to upend China Mobile’s dominant position in Chinas growing telecommunications industry,esp。

英语边缘虚词granted的语义演变及语法化

在现代英语共时平面,granted有动词的过去式及过去分词、形容词及边缘虚词用法。从历时角度看,granted的用法由最初动词过去式逐步由实到虚演变为边缘虚词,是语法化的结果。隐喻、重新分析、主观性和主观化是granted语言演变的机制和动因。

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

A Special Celebration Sharing joy through cultural exchanges far away from home

Thanks to the scholarship granted to me by the China Scholarship Council under the Project on Innovative Talent in African Studies,I had the incredible opportunity to spend six months living in Ibadan,Nigeria’s third-largest city,and study at the University of Ibadan.Intrigued by teaching and eager to gain insights into local schools,I applied to be a Chinese teacher at Abiodun Metropolitan Schools.

Research on the social stratificationof rural-to-urban migrants in China and paths to the granting of urban residency

Today,China has roughly 260 million rural-to-urban migrants,and most are young working-age people.The improving socioeconomic status of these migrants and structural optimization of their living conditions in urban inflow areas contribute significantly to China's economic development Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2018,this paper conducts an exploratory factor analysis and establishes a three-dimensional stratification framework and a standardized socioeconomic index for rural-to-urban migrants.Graphically,the social stratification of migrants shows an"onion-shaped"structure with a low gravity center and two ends that taper off.Class differentiation among rural-to-urban migrants is apparent.A blue-collar group,positioned in the lower middle part of the stratification scheme,account for 70%of the population.This paper presents a horizontal comparison of the socioeconomic situations of rural-to-urban with urban-to-urban migrants and finds the latter have a more advanced social structure.Education may be the most fundamental reason for stratification differences.The social structure of rural-tourban migrants improved significantly during the years 2012 to 2018.However,the primary gains accrued to elite and professional groups while the proportion to the total size of the migrant population of the disadvantaged group at the bottom of the social structure remained nearly the same.This change in social structure suggests that some blue-collar migrants,especially skilled workers,moved upward into the professional group;however,migrants at the bottom of the structure without adequate education and lacking vocational skills hardly moved upward.Thus,this paper proposes investing more in rural education to help effectively implement policies to address this problem.

Aortic Dissection Research in China:Analysis of Studies Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Objective The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)has made great progress in promoting the development of aortic dissection research in recent years.This study aimed to examine the development and research status of aortic dissection research in China so as to provide references for future research.Methods The NSFC projects data from 2008 to 2019 were collected from the Internet-based Science Information System and other websites utilized as search engines.The publications and citations were retrieved by Google Scholar,and the impact factors were checked by the InCite Journal Citation Reports database.The investigator’s degree and department were identified from the institutional faculty profiles.Results A total of 250 grant funds totaling 124.3 million Yuan and resulting in 747 publications were analyzed.The funds in economically developed and densely populated areas were more than those in underdeveloped and sparsely populated areas.There was no significant difference in the amount of funding per grant between different departments’investigators.However,the funding output ratios of the grants for cardiologists were higher than those for basic science investigators.The amount of funding for clinical researchers and basic scientific researchers in aortic dissection was also similar.Clinical researchers were better in terms of the funding output ratio.Conclusion These results suggest that the medical and scientific research level of aortic dissection in China has been greatly improved.However,there are still some problems that urgently need to be solved,such as the unreasonable regional allocation of medical and scientific research resources,and the slow transition from basic science to clinical practice.

Evaluating grant proposals:lessons from using metrics as screening device

Purpose:This study examines the effects of using publication-based metrics for the initial screening in the application process for a project leader.The key questions are whether formal policy affects the allocation of funds to researchers with a better publication record and how the previous academic performance of principal investigators is related to future project results.Design/methodology/approach:We compared two competitions,before and after the policy raised the publication threshold for the principal investigators.We analyzed 9,167 papers published by 332 winners in physics and the social sciences and humanities(SSH),and 11,253 publications resulting from each funded project.Findings:We found that among physicists,even in the first period,grants tended to be allocated to prolific authors publishing in high-quality journals.In contrast,the SSH project grantees had been less prolific in publishing internationally in both periods;however,in the second period,the selection of grant recipients yielded better results regarding awarding grants to more productive authors in terms of the quantity and quality of publications.There was no evidence that this better selection of grant recipients resulted in better publication records during grant realization.Originality:This study contributes to the discussion of formal policies that rely on metrics for the evaluation of grant proposals.The Russian case shows that such policy may have a profound effect on changing the supply side of applicants,especially in disciplines that are less suitable for metric-based evaluations.In spite of the criticism given to metrics,they might be a useful additional instrument in academic systems where professional expertise is corrupted and prevents allocation of funds to prolific researchers.

A Machine Learning Based Funding Project Evaluation Decision Prediction

Traditional linear statistical methods cannot provide effective prediction results due to the complexity of human mind.In this paper,we apply machine learning to the field of funding allocation decision making,and try to explore whether personal characteristics of evaluators help predict the outcome of the evaluation decision?and how to improve the accuracy rate of machine learning methods on the imbalanced dataset of grant funding?Since funding data is characterized by imbalanced data distribution,we propose a slacked weighted entropy decision tree(SWE-DT).We assign weight to each class with the help of slacked factor.The experimental results show that the SWE decision tree performs well with sensitivity of 0.87,specificity of 0.85 and average accuracy of 0.75.It also provides a satisfied classification accuracy with Area Under Curve(AUC)=0.87.This implies that the proposed method accurately classified minority class instances and suitable to imbalanced datasets.By adding evaluator factors into the model,sensitivity is improved by over 9%,specificity improved by nearly 8%and the average accuracy also increased by 7%.It proves the feasibility of using evaluators’characteristics as predictors.And by innovatively using machine learning method to predict evaluation decisions based on the personal characteristics of evaluators,it enriches the literature in the field of decision making and machine learning field.

ECOMSED模式在杭州湾海域流场模拟中的应用

针对杭州湾独特的喇叭型强潮河口湾的特点,基于Blumberg等(1996)的ECOMSED模式,引入动边界技术,建立杭州湾三维动边界的潮流模型.模型以正交曲线坐标下三维非线性水动力方程为基本方程,应用Mellor和Yamada的2.5阶湍流闭合模型计算紊动黏滞系数,嵌入Grant和Madsen的底边界层模型考虑波浪对底部应力的作用,采用干湿网格法模拟潮流漫滩过程;综合考虑径流,风应力,密度流和M2,S2,K1,O1四个主要分潮和M4,S4,MS4三个浅水分潮的作用,从而提高杭州湾潮流模拟的精度.通过验潮站调和常数和多次海流连续观测资料的验证,表明该文建立的模型可以更好的用于杭州湾流场的预报模拟.

超低水头两叶片灯泡贯流式水轮机固液两相流研究

超低水头贯流式机组无论在电站增容改造方面,还是在超低水头开发方面,都具有巨大潜力。然而,水流中裹挟的泥沙会对机组运行产生不利影响,在汛期尤为严重,研究泥沙磨损问题对于机组的稳定运行具有重要意义。基于CFX平台,使用k-ε湍流模型,拉格朗日颗粒跟踪模型和Tabakoff and Grant磨损模型对2.1m超低水头下的两叶片灯泡贯流式水轮机进行了固液两相流数值模拟计算。通过实验验证数模计算的可靠性,对比单相及两相流工况下的涡流特性,探究不同泥沙浓度(Cv=1%~10%)、颗粒直径(D=0.1~1mm)对过流部件磨损位置、侵蚀率以及流动特性的影响。结论如下:在清水中加入泥沙颗粒后,泥沙颗粒对旋涡有增强作用;导叶凹面,叶片正面进水侧头部、叶片出水边、叶片轮缘,以及转轮室都是比较容易遭受磨损的部位;随着泥沙颗粒浓度、直径的增加,导叶、叶片及转轮室的磨损面积、磨损程度以及最大磨损率都呈上升趋势;相较于导叶,叶片和转轮室的磨损程度更为严重,在汛期运行时要更加注重磨损防护。

Resuscitation therapy for traumatic brain injuryinduced coma in rats:mechanisms of median nerve electrical stimulation

In this study, rats were put into traumatic brain injury-induced coma and treated with median nerve electrical stimulation. We explored the wake-promoting effect, and possible mechanisms, of median nerve electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation upregulated the expression levels of orexin-A and its receptor OX1R in the rat prefrontal cortex. Orexin-A expression gradually in-creased with increasing stimulation, while OX1R expression reached a peak at 12 hours and then decreased. In addition, after the OX1R antagonist, SB334867, was injected into the brain of rats after traumatic brain injury, fewer rats were restored to consciousness, and orexin-A and OXIR expression in the prefrontal cortex was downregulated. Our ifndings indicate that median nerve electrical stimulation induced an up-regulation of orexin-A and OX1R expression in the pre-frontal cortex of traumatic brain injury-induced coma rats, which may be a potential mechanism involved in the wake-promoting effects of median nerve electrical stimulation.

Electroacupuncture improves microcirculation and neuronal morphology in the spinal cord of a rat model of intervertebral disc extrusion

Most studies on spinal cord neuronal injury have focused on spinal cord tissue histology and the expression of nerve cell damage and repair-related genes. The importance of the microcirculation is often ignored in spinal cord injury and repair research. Therefore, in this study, we established a rat model of intervertebral disc extrusion by inserting a silica gel pad into the left ventral sur-face of T13. Electroacupuncture was used to stimulate the bilateralZusanlipoint （ST36） and Neiting point （ST44） for 14 days. Compared with control animals, blood lfow in the ifrst lumbar vertebra （L1） was noticeably increased in rats given electroacupuncture. Microvessel density in the T13 segment of the spinal cord was increased significantly as well. The number of normal neurons was higher in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. In addition, vacuolation in the white matter was lessened. No obvious glial cell proliferation was visible. Furthermore, hindlimb motor function was improved signiifcantly. Collectively, our results suggest that electroacupuncture can improve neuronal morphology and microcirculation, and promote the recovery of neurological functions in a rat model of intervertebral disc extrusion.

Mild hypothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: neuroprotective effects of combined therapy

Neural stem cell transplantation is a useful treatment for ischemic stroke, but apoptosis often occurs in the hypoxic-ischemic environment of the brain after cell transplantation. In this study, we determined if mild hypothermia （27-28~C） can increase the survival rate of neural stem cells （1.0 x 105/~tL） transplanted into neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Long-term effects on neurological functioning of the mice were also examined. After mild hy- pothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation, we observed decreased expression levels of inflammatory factor nuclear factor-kappa B and apoptotic factor caspase-3, reduced cerebral infarct volumes, increased survival rate of transplanted cells, and marked improvements in neurological function. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation are superior to those of monotherapy. Moreover, our findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are achieved by anti-inflammatory and an- ti-apoptotic mechanisms.

Point application with Angong Niuhuang sticker protects hippocampal and cortical neurons in rats with cerebral ischemia

Angong Niuhuang pill, a Chinese materia medica preparation, can improve neurological func-tions after acute ischemic stroke. Because of its inconvenient application and toxic components （Cinnabaris andRealgar）, we used transdermal enhancers to deliverAngong Niuhuang pill by modern technology, which expanded the safe dose range and clinical indications. In this study, Angong Niuhuang stickers administered at different point application doses （1.35, 2.7, and 5.4 g/kg） were administered to theDazhui （DU14）, Qihai（RN6） andMingmen （DU4） of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia, for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze was used to determine the learning and memory ability of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to observe neuronal damage of the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia. The middle- and high-dose point application ofAngong Niuhuangstickers attenuated neuronal damage in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region, and improved the memory of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia with an efifcacy similar to interventions by electroacupuncture at Dazhui （DU14）,Qihai （RN6） andMingmen （DU4）. Our experimental ifndings indicate that point application withAngong Niuhuang stickers can improve cognitive function after chronic cerebral ischemia in rats and is neuroprotective with an equivalent efifcacy to acupuncture.

Local administration of icariin contributes to peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery

Our previous study showed that systemic administration of the traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium extract promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we sought to explore the ther- apeutic effects of local administration of icariin, a major component of Epimedium extract, on peripheral nerve regeneration. A poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid） biological conduit sleeve was used to bridge a 5 mm right sciatic nerve defect in rats, and physiological saline, nerve growth factor, icariin suspension, or nerve growth factor-releasing microsphere suspension was injected into the defect. Twelve weeks later, sciatic nerve conduction velocity and the number of myelinated fibers were notably greater in the rats treated with icariin suspension or nerve growth factor-releasing microspheres than those that had received nerve growth factor or physiological saline. The effects of icariin suspension were similar to those of nerve growth factor-releasing microspheres. These data suggest that icariin acts as a nerve growth factor-releasing agent, and indicate that local ap- plication of icariin after spinal injury can promote peripheral nerve regeneration.

Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve protects against cerebral ischemic injury through an anti-inflammatory mechanism

Vagus nerve stimulation exerts protective effects against ischemic brain injury; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was established using the occlusion method, and the right vagus nerve was given electrical stimula-tion （constant current of 0.5 mA; pulse width, 0.5 ms; frequency, 20 Hz; duration, 30 seconds; every 5 minutes for a total of 60 minutes） 30 minutes, 12 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve substantially reduced infarct volume, improved neurological function, and decreased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and in-terleukin-6 in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. The experimental findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of vagus nerve stimulation following cerebral ischemia may be associated with the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression.