Central Granular Cell Odontogenic Tumor: A Literature Review of Cases Reported in the Last 71 Years with a New Case Report

Central granular cell odontogenic tumors(CGCOTs)are rare,benign,slowly growing odontogenic neoplasms.Due to their uncertain histogenesis,CGCOTs are still not included as a distinct entity in the WHO classification(2017)of odontogenic tumors.We report a case of CGCOT involving the right side of maxillary anterior region of a 39-year-old white female.Immunohistochemical staining showed that granular cells positively expressed CD68 and vimentin,and negatively expressed S-100 protein.Meanwhile,we searched Pub Med,Google Scholar,and Scopus databases to summary the clinico-pathological features of 51 reported cases of CGCOT.The results showed that the granular cells of 28.6%cases were immunopositive for vimentin and CD68,and odontogenic epithelial cells were positive immunoreactivity for cytokeratin.These findings reinforced the mesenchymal origin of granular cells and the odontogenic nature of epithelium islands.

Granular cell tumor of the breast:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the breast(GCTB)is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically.This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY We present a patient with this uncommon tumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to further the knowledge of GCTB and prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment.The characteristics of the tumor,methods of diagnosis,therapy and postoperative pathological outcomes were analyzed,and relevant literatures of GCTs were reviewed.The patient underwent surgery after core needle biopsy,and the excised neoplasm was sent for pathological examination.Histological analysis revealed nests of cells with abundant pink granular cytoplasm,confirming the diagnosis of GCTB.CONCLUSION As manifestations of GCT and malignancy can mimic each other,a careful histological examination is essential before major surgery.Treatment consisting of complete excision with close clinical follow-up is recommended.

Atypical granular cell tumor of the urinary bladder:A case report

BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)is a neurogenic tumor mainly occurring in the head and neck.GCT in the genitourinary system is extremely rare and only sporadic cases of urinary bladder GCT have been reported.Most urinary bladder GCT cases are benign and only two malignant cases have been reported.Due to its rarity,no consensus criteria for the treatment of urinary bladder GCT are available at present.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old Chinese woman was found to have a urinary bladder tumor without any clinical manifestations on physical examination.Cystoscopy revealed a semispherical shaped lesion measuring approximately 4.0 cm in diameter at the junction of the left wall and roof of the bladder,which was covered with normal bladder mucosa.Computed tomography scan demonstrated a high-density lesion on the left wall of the bladder,measuring approximately 2.9 cm×2.4 cm with clear boundaries.Contrast-enhanced pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a space-occupying lesion on the left wall of the bladder(non-mucosal origin/external pressure),which was preliminarily suspected to be a desmoplastic fibroma or leiomyoma.In the context of the above findings,a pre-operative diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma was made.The patient consequently underwent a laparoscopic partial cystectomy.The resected bladder mass looked yellowish and well-demarcated,measuring 4.0 cm×3.5 cm and infiltrated the muscular layer.The diagnosis of urinary bladder GCT was finally made by postoperative pathology,with positive immunohistochemical S-100 staining and negative pancytokeratin.The patient has been followed for 6 mo so far,with no tumor recurrence detected.CONCLUSION This case highlights the biological feature and differential diagnosis of urinary bladder GCT at the pathological and molecular levels.Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and partial cystectomy are recommended in most urinary bladder GCT cases,while radical cystectomy is recommended in malignant cases.

Esophageal granular cell tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Esophageal granular cell tumor(eGCT)is a relatively rare,usually benign neoplasm of the neuroectoderm.It is derived from Schwann cells.Clinical symptoms of this disease are non-specific.However,the most common presenting symptom is dysphagia,which is mostly misdiagnosed as esophageal polyps under gastroscopy,yet it has a 2%chance of forming cancers.We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with solitary eGCT,then analysed retrospectivelyanalyze the clinical features and elucidate on the reduction of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman was diagnosed with“esophageal granulossoma”after esophagoscopy,which was mistaken for eGCT.CONCLUSION eGCT diagnosis depends on characteristic pathomorphologies and detection of the S-100 protein.Endoscopic mucosal resection is the preferred therapeutic method.

Bladder Malignant Granular Cell Tumor with EP300 Gene Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Malignant granular cell tumor (GCT) is extremely rare. Malignant GCT with EP300 gene mutation in the bladder has not been reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We report a special case of 45-year-old female with malignant GCT of the bladder. Pathological examination showed that the mass was 11 × 11 × 4.5 cm in size, involved in the bladder’s posterior wall. Under the microscope, the tumor cells were arranged in the shape of a nest or cord to infiltrate the bladder’s wall. The tumor cells were pleomorphic, red-stained granular within the cytoplasm, with increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, vacuolar nuclei, and obvious nucleoli. The tumor cells were showed obvious nuclear atypia, and the mitosis was more than 5/50HPF. Coagulative necrosis was widely showed within the tumor. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that S-100, NSE, CD68, CR, α-AT, and TFE-3 were strongly positive, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was around 15%. The next-generation high throughput sequencing indicated that EP300 gene was missense mutated (c.457A > G) with 33% mutation abundance, and genes of DPYD (c.1627A > G), ERCC1 (c.354T > C), NQO1 (c.559C > T), TPMT (c.719A > G) and XRCC1 (c.1196A > G) were polymorphic mutated. The patient died after three months of the second surgical treatment. Conclusions: We report for the first time a primary bladder malignant GCM accompanied by mutations in special driving genes such as EP300. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review and an in-depth discussion.

Typical Aspects of the Granular Cell Tumor of the Oral Cavity

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare neoplasm that can occur in any part of the body, but mostly they are located intraorally. Its histogenetic origin remains controversial, but it probably arises from Schwann cells and is generally benign. The tumor is typically asymptomatic and appears as a nodule, with a relatively high predilection for the tongue. This article reports a case of a 72-year-old woman treated at the Center of Oral Diagnosis of the Funda&#231&#227o Hermínio Ometto Dental School. The patient presented with an asymptomatic nodule in the dorsal surface of the tongue for approximately 4 months. The patient was submitted to an excisional biopsy and histopatological examination revealed polyhedral cells with granular aspect. The immunohistochemical staining for S-100 presented strong reactivity, confirming the diagnosis of GCT. Finally, we made a concise discussion about the pathogenesis and fundamental clinico-pathological aspects of GCT making the differential diagnosis.

下咽环后颗粒细胞瘤1例

颗粒细胞瘤(granular cell tumor,GCT)是一种来源于神经外胚层的软组织肿瘤,单发为主,良性居多,恶性程度的发生率低仅为2%[1]。该肿瘤好发于皮肤及皮下组织,也可发生于气管、乳腺、胃肠道等部位。Abrikossoff[2]曾于1926年首次报道了GCT,但关于下咽部的颗粒细胞瘤报告罕见。1临床资料患者,女性,32岁,自诉咽部不适伴声音嘶哑2个月余。体格检查:一般情况良好,气管居中,颈部未触及明显肿物。

Sellar and Suprasellar Granular Cell Tumor of Neurohypophysis

INTRODUCTION Granular cell tumor （GCT） of neurohypophysis was first reported by Boyce and Beadles in 1983.Iu In 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system （CNS） tumors, GCT of neurohypophysis was defined as a distinct diagnosis.121 Here, we reported two cases of GCT of neurohypophysis misdiagnosed as pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma. One of the cases was a very rare fully described neurohypophysial GCT which invaded into the right cavernous sinus [Figure 1a and 1b], indicating that the benign tumor might possess aggressive features.

Particular tumor of the pancreas:A case report

BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the pancreas is a rare neurogenic tumor.The first case of pancreatic GCT was described in 1975,and up to now,only 7 cases have been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male had a pancreatic mass for 1 mo.He was not treated at the local hospital,but referred to Henan Tumor Hospital for surgery.Preoperative imaging revealed a 2.0 cm×2.5 cm-sized mass located in the body of the pancreas.At the microscopic level,a large number of eosinophilic particles are present in the oval tumor cells.The immunohistochemistry of this tumor cell display CD56(+),blood vessels CD34(+),Ki-67(+)<10%,and S-100(+).CONCLUSION GCT of the pancreas should be recognized as a preoperative differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors.Surgical resection of the tumor should be attempted;however,GCT of the pancreas has a certain rate of tumor metastasis and recurrence.Therefore,GCT of the pancreas requires regular and long-term followup.