在长江河口两翼广泛分布第一硬土层(FHSL),研究其形成机制及工程地质特性对工程建设具有很好的指导意义。根据调查资料(钻孔935个,累计进尺42128 m)和试验资料,首次精确确认了长江河口北翼第一硬土层分布界线,研究了第一硬土层的形成年...在长江河口两翼广泛分布第一硬土层(FHSL),研究其形成机制及工程地质特性对工程建设具有很好的指导意义。根据调查资料(钻孔935个,累计进尺42128 m)和试验资料,首次精确确认了长江河口北翼第一硬土层分布界线,研究了第一硬土层的形成年代、粒度特征、地球化学特征、工程地质特性等。研究表明:第一硬土层形成年龄为20~11 ka B.P.(多个光释光和14C测年资料);硬土层含水率随深度的增加有增大的趋势,表明气候自下向上逐渐变凉和变干;第一硬土层的颗粒级配、粒度分布频率曲线、C-M沉积图等特征显示,第一硬土层主要由粉砂、极细砂和粘土粒级组成,样品的粒度频率曲线主要呈单峰分布,反映出物质沉积前所受搬运营力性质单一,土体颗粒沉积以均匀悬浮占绝对优势,沉积环境是一种相对稳定的低能环境。第一硬土层的发育受气候控制,大致可以分为3个阶段:第1阶段(20~15 ka B.P.)为沉积与成土交替作用时期,且以沉积作用为主,硬土层剖面厚度主要受该阶段控制,至末次盛冰期结束;第2阶段(15~11 ka B.P.)为暴露成土期,这时洪水不能形成越岸沉积,加积作用基本停止,硬土层厚度不再明显增加,已形成的第一硬土区域受到频繁变迁的分合河网的侵蚀切割,形成多条不规则古河道和台地,硬土层逐渐脱水成陆,经历了风化成壤的过程;第3阶段(11 ka B.P.至今)为淹埋期,随着全新世的到来,气候变暖,海平面不断上升,硬土层被其上覆的海相沉积层掩埋,成岩作用开始直到现今。土体易溶盐含量较高,为典型氯盐渍土类型,自下而上具有从低变高的趋势,为海相层覆盖硬土层以后成岩过程造成的。展开更多
Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor. The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activa...Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor. The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activated sludge system were investigated. The membrane foulants was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy technique. The results showed that the aerobic granular sludge had excellent denitrification ability; the removal efficiency of TN could reach 90%. The aerobic granular sludge could alleviate membrane fouling effectively. The steady membrane flux of aerobic granular sludge was twice as much as that of activated sludge system. In addition, it was found that the aerobic granular sludge could result in severe membrane pore-blocking, however, the activated sludge could cause severe cake fouling. The major components of the foulants were identified as comprising of proteins and polysaccharide materials.展开更多
The run-out of high speed granular masses or avalanches along mountain streams, till their arrest, is analytically modeled. The power balance of a sliding granular mass along two planar sliding surfaces is written by ...The run-out of high speed granular masses or avalanches along mountain streams, till their arrest, is analytically modeled. The power balance of a sliding granular mass along two planar sliding surfaces is written by taking into account the mass volume, the slopes of the surfaces, the fluid pressure and the energy dissipation. Dissipation is due to collisions and displacements, both localized within a layer at the base of the mass. The run-out, the transition from the first to the second sliding surface and the final run-up of the mass are described by Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), solved in closed form (particular cases) or by means of numerical procedures (general case). The proposed solutions allow to predict the run-up length and the speed evolution of the sliding mass as a function of the involved geometrical, physical and mechanical parameters as well as of the simplified rheological laws assumed to express the energy dissipation effects. The corresponding solutions obtained according to the Mohr-Coulomb or Voellmy resistance laws onto the sliding surfaces are recovered as particular cases. The run-out length of a documented case is finally back analysed through the proposed model.展开更多
在邻域粗糙集中,基于信息度量的属性约简具有重要应用意义.然而,条件邻域熵具有粒化非单调性,故其属性约简具有应用局限性.对此,采用粒计算技术及相关的3层粒结构,构建具有粒化单调性的条件邻域熵,进而研究其相关属性约简.首先,揭示条...在邻域粗糙集中,基于信息度量的属性约简具有重要应用意义.然而,条件邻域熵具有粒化非单调性,故其属性约简具有应用局限性.对此,采用粒计算技术及相关的3层粒结构,构建具有粒化单调性的条件邻域熵,进而研究其相关属性约简.首先,揭示条件邻域熵的粒化非单调性及其根源;其次,采用3层粒结构,自底向上构建一种新型条件邻域熵,获得其粒化单调性;进而,基于粒化单调的条件邻域熵,建立属性约简及启发式约简算法;最后,采用UCI(University of CaliforniaIrvine)数据实验,验证改进条件邻域熵的单调性与启发式约简算法的有效性.所得结果表明:新建条件邻域熵具有粒化单调性,改进了条件邻域熵,其诱导的属性约简具有应用前景.展开更多
文摘在长江河口两翼广泛分布第一硬土层(FHSL),研究其形成机制及工程地质特性对工程建设具有很好的指导意义。根据调查资料(钻孔935个,累计进尺42128 m)和试验资料,首次精确确认了长江河口北翼第一硬土层分布界线,研究了第一硬土层的形成年代、粒度特征、地球化学特征、工程地质特性等。研究表明:第一硬土层形成年龄为20~11 ka B.P.(多个光释光和14C测年资料);硬土层含水率随深度的增加有增大的趋势,表明气候自下向上逐渐变凉和变干;第一硬土层的颗粒级配、粒度分布频率曲线、C-M沉积图等特征显示,第一硬土层主要由粉砂、极细砂和粘土粒级组成,样品的粒度频率曲线主要呈单峰分布,反映出物质沉积前所受搬运营力性质单一,土体颗粒沉积以均匀悬浮占绝对优势,沉积环境是一种相对稳定的低能环境。第一硬土层的发育受气候控制,大致可以分为3个阶段:第1阶段(20~15 ka B.P.)为沉积与成土交替作用时期,且以沉积作用为主,硬土层剖面厚度主要受该阶段控制,至末次盛冰期结束;第2阶段(15~11 ka B.P.)为暴露成土期,这时洪水不能形成越岸沉积,加积作用基本停止,硬土层厚度不再明显增加,已形成的第一硬土区域受到频繁变迁的分合河网的侵蚀切割,形成多条不规则古河道和台地,硬土层逐渐脱水成陆,经历了风化成壤的过程;第3阶段(11 ka B.P.至今)为淹埋期,随着全新世的到来,气候变暖,海平面不断上升,硬土层被其上覆的海相沉积层掩埋,成岩作用开始直到现今。土体易溶盐含量较高,为典型氯盐渍土类型,自下而上具有从低变高的趋势,为海相层覆盖硬土层以后成岩过程造成的。
基金Project supported by the University Doctorial Research Foundation.Ministry of Education of China(No.20030141022).
文摘Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor. The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activated sludge system were investigated. The membrane foulants was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy technique. The results showed that the aerobic granular sludge had excellent denitrification ability; the removal efficiency of TN could reach 90%. The aerobic granular sludge could alleviate membrane fouling effectively. The steady membrane flux of aerobic granular sludge was twice as much as that of activated sludge system. In addition, it was found that the aerobic granular sludge could result in severe membrane pore-blocking, however, the activated sludge could cause severe cake fouling. The major components of the foulants were identified as comprising of proteins and polysaccharide materials.
文摘The run-out of high speed granular masses or avalanches along mountain streams, till their arrest, is analytically modeled. The power balance of a sliding granular mass along two planar sliding surfaces is written by taking into account the mass volume, the slopes of the surfaces, the fluid pressure and the energy dissipation. Dissipation is due to collisions and displacements, both localized within a layer at the base of the mass. The run-out, the transition from the first to the second sliding surface and the final run-up of the mass are described by Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), solved in closed form (particular cases) or by means of numerical procedures (general case). The proposed solutions allow to predict the run-up length and the speed evolution of the sliding mass as a function of the involved geometrical, physical and mechanical parameters as well as of the simplified rheological laws assumed to express the energy dissipation effects. The corresponding solutions obtained according to the Mohr-Coulomb or Voellmy resistance laws onto the sliding surfaces are recovered as particular cases. The run-out length of a documented case is finally back analysed through the proposed model.
文摘在邻域粗糙集中,基于信息度量的属性约简具有重要应用意义.然而,条件邻域熵具有粒化非单调性,故其属性约简具有应用局限性.对此,采用粒计算技术及相关的3层粒结构,构建具有粒化单调性的条件邻域熵,进而研究其相关属性约简.首先,揭示条件邻域熵的粒化非单调性及其根源;其次,采用3层粒结构,自底向上构建一种新型条件邻域熵,获得其粒化单调性;进而,基于粒化单调的条件邻域熵,建立属性约简及启发式约简算法;最后,采用UCI(University of CaliforniaIrvine)数据实验,验证改进条件邻域熵的单调性与启发式约简算法的有效性.所得结果表明:新建条件邻域熵具有粒化单调性,改进了条件邻域熵,其诱导的属性约简具有应用前景.
