Graphene flakes(GF)have been prepared and assessed as a material for improving flow in oil pipelines under the effect of an electric field.In particular,different amounts of GFs have been considered in order to determ...Graphene flakes(GF)have been prepared and assessed as a material for improving flow in oil pipelines under the effect of an electric field.In particular,different amounts of GFs have been considered in order to determine the optimal flow conditions.The GFs were prepared from graphite foam,derived from the dehydration of sugar with a particle size of 500-600μm,which was dispersed in ethanol and exfoliated in a ball mill under a shear force.After 15 h of exfoliation,sonication,and subsequent high-speed centrifugation at 3000 rpm,irregular-shaped GFs of 50-140 nm were produced and characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometry,atomic force microscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.The prepared graphene sheets have been found to display excellent morphology and good graphitic structure.Experiments on flow improvement were conducted using the central composite rotatable design method for three parameters:stimulation time(15,30,45,and 60 s),applied voltage(150,170,200,and 220 V),and concentration of the GFs(0,100,200,and 400 mg/L).The optimal conditions for improved crude oil flow were then determined using the STATISTICA and WinQSB software packages.The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the use of the prepared GFs as a flow improver for crude oil,where the flow improvement is essentially a result of a reduction in viscosity and suppression of friction in the crude oil system.展开更多
The results of systematic numerical studies of graphene flakes growth in low-temperature arc discharge plasmas are presented. Diffusion-based growth model was developed, verified using the previously published experim...The results of systematic numerical studies of graphene flakes growth in low-temperature arc discharge plasmas are presented. Diffusion-based growth model was developed, verified using the previously published experiments, and used to investigate the principal effects of the process parameters such as plasma density, electron temperature, surface temperature and time of growth on the size and structure of the plasma-grown graphene flakes. It was demonstrated that the higher growth temperatures result in larger graphene flakes reaching 5 μm, and simultaneously, lead to much lower density of the carbon atoms adsorbed on the flake surface. The low density of the carbon adatoms reduces the probability of the additional graphene layer nucleation on surface of growing flake, thus eventually resulting in the synthesis of the most valuable single-layered graphenes.展开更多
Two Minkowski functionals were tested in the capacity of morphological descriptors to quantitatively compare the arrays of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on smooth and nanoporous alumina and silica surfaces....Two Minkowski functionals were tested in the capacity of morphological descriptors to quantitatively compare the arrays of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on smooth and nanoporous alumina and silica surfaces. Specifically, the Euler-Poincaré characteristic and fractal dimension graphs were used to characterize the degree of connectivity and order in the systems, i.e. in the graphene flake patterns of petal-like and tree-like morphologies on solid substrates, and meshlike patterns (networks) grown on nanoporous alumina treated in low-temperature inductivelycoupled plasma. It was found that the Minkowski functionals return higher connectivity and fractal dimension numbers for the graphene flakepatterns with more complex morphologies, and indeed can be used as morphological descriptors to differentiate among various configurations of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on surfaces.展开更多
Graphene field-effect transistors have been intensively studied.However,in order to fabricate devices with more complicated structures,such as the integration with waveguide and other two-dimensional materials,we need...Graphene field-effect transistors have been intensively studied.However,in order to fabricate devices with more complicated structures,such as the integration with waveguide and other two-dimensional materials,we need to transfer the exfoliated graphene samples to a target position.Due to the small area of exfoliated graphene and its random distribution,the transfer method requires rather high precision.In this paper,we systematically study a method to selectively transfer mechanically exfoliated graphene samples to a target position with a precision of sub-micrometer.To characterize the doping level of this method,we transfer graphene flakes to pre-patterned metal electrodes,forming graphene field-effect transistors.The hole doping of graphene is calculated to be 2.16×10^12cm^-2.In addition,we fabricate a waveguide-integrated multilayer graphene photodetector to demonstrate the viability and accuracy of this method.A photocurrent as high as 0.4 μA is obtained,corresponding to a photoresponsivity of 0.48 mA/W.The device performs uniformly in nine illumination cycles.展开更多
文摘Graphene flakes(GF)have been prepared and assessed as a material for improving flow in oil pipelines under the effect of an electric field.In particular,different amounts of GFs have been considered in order to determine the optimal flow conditions.The GFs were prepared from graphite foam,derived from the dehydration of sugar with a particle size of 500-600μm,which was dispersed in ethanol and exfoliated in a ball mill under a shear force.After 15 h of exfoliation,sonication,and subsequent high-speed centrifugation at 3000 rpm,irregular-shaped GFs of 50-140 nm were produced and characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometry,atomic force microscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.The prepared graphene sheets have been found to display excellent morphology and good graphitic structure.Experiments on flow improvement were conducted using the central composite rotatable design method for three parameters:stimulation time(15,30,45,and 60 s),applied voltage(150,170,200,and 220 V),and concentration of the GFs(0,100,200,and 400 mg/L).The optimal conditions for improved crude oil flow were then determined using the STATISTICA and WinQSB software packages.The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the use of the prepared GFs as a flow improver for crude oil,where the flow improvement is essentially a result of a reduction in viscosity and suppression of friction in the crude oil system.
文摘The results of systematic numerical studies of graphene flakes growth in low-temperature arc discharge plasmas are presented. Diffusion-based growth model was developed, verified using the previously published experiments, and used to investigate the principal effects of the process parameters such as plasma density, electron temperature, surface temperature and time of growth on the size and structure of the plasma-grown graphene flakes. It was demonstrated that the higher growth temperatures result in larger graphene flakes reaching 5 μm, and simultaneously, lead to much lower density of the carbon atoms adsorbed on the flake surface. The low density of the carbon adatoms reduces the probability of the additional graphene layer nucleation on surface of growing flake, thus eventually resulting in the synthesis of the most valuable single-layered graphenes.
文摘Two Minkowski functionals were tested in the capacity of morphological descriptors to quantitatively compare the arrays of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on smooth and nanoporous alumina and silica surfaces. Specifically, the Euler-Poincaré characteristic and fractal dimension graphs were used to characterize the degree of connectivity and order in the systems, i.e. in the graphene flake patterns of petal-like and tree-like morphologies on solid substrates, and meshlike patterns (networks) grown on nanoporous alumina treated in low-temperature inductivelycoupled plasma. It was found that the Minkowski functionals return higher connectivity and fractal dimension numbers for the graphene flakepatterns with more complex morphologies, and indeed can be used as morphological descriptors to differentiate among various configurations of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on surfaces.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0402404)the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2013AA031401,2015AA016902,2015AA016904)the National Natural Foundation of China(Nos.61674136,61176053,61274069,61435002)
文摘Graphene field-effect transistors have been intensively studied.However,in order to fabricate devices with more complicated structures,such as the integration with waveguide and other two-dimensional materials,we need to transfer the exfoliated graphene samples to a target position.Due to the small area of exfoliated graphene and its random distribution,the transfer method requires rather high precision.In this paper,we systematically study a method to selectively transfer mechanically exfoliated graphene samples to a target position with a precision of sub-micrometer.To characterize the doping level of this method,we transfer graphene flakes to pre-patterned metal electrodes,forming graphene field-effect transistors.The hole doping of graphene is calculated to be 2.16×10^12cm^-2.In addition,we fabricate a waveguide-integrated multilayer graphene photodetector to demonstrate the viability and accuracy of this method.A photocurrent as high as 0.4 μA is obtained,corresponding to a photoresponsivity of 0.48 mA/W.The device performs uniformly in nine illumination cycles.
