Insect pheromone-binding proteins （PBPs） play important roles in transporting hydrophobic pheromone components across the sensillum lymph to the surface of olfactory receptors （ORs）. However, the PBPs of the orien...Insect pheromone-binding proteins （PBPs） play important roles in transporting hydrophobic pheromone components across the sensillum lymph to the surface of olfactory receptors （ORs）. However, the PBPs of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, an important destructive pest of stone fruits worldwide, are not well characterized. In this study, two new putative PBP genes, GmolPBP2 and GmolPBP3, were identiifed from G. molesta antennae. The deduced amino-acid sequences of these two putative PBP genes are characteristic of the odorant binding protein family, containing six conserved cysteine residues. The genomic DNA sequence of each gene contained two introns. However, the lengths and positions of the introns differed. RT-PCR analyses revealed that the two GmolPBP genes are only expressed in the antennae of female and male moths. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the transcription levels of GmolPBP2 are far greater than those of GmolPBP3 in both female and male antennae. GmolPBP3 showed higher transcription levels in female antennae than in male antennae, while GmolPBP2 showed similar transcription levels in both female and male antennae. The transcript levels of both genes were signiifcantly different in premating and post-coitum individuals, implying that mating affects the process of sex pheromone reception. To better understand the functions, two GmolPBPs were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the ligand binding assays were conducted. Results showed that GmolPBP2 has strong binding afifnities to two sex pheromone components, E8-12：Ac and Z8-12：Ac, as well as weaker binding afifnities to Z8-12：OH and 12：OH. GmolPBP2 also bound some ordinary odor molecules. However, the afifnity of GmolPBP3 to both sex pheromones and ordinary odor molecules was very weak. These results show that GmolPBP2 plays the main role in pheromone discrimination and recognition in the oriental fruit moth.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily determine the susceptible varieties of Grapholita molesta(Busck)by analyzing trap catches of peach trees at different ripening stages,new shoot damage rate and fruit damage ra...[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily determine the susceptible varieties of Grapholita molesta(Busck)by analyzing trap catches of peach trees at different ripening stages,new shoot damage rate and fruit damage rate at different development stages.[Method]Three traps were hanged in peach orchard of the same variety,with the interval of 30 m.The traps were fixed on ventilated and shaded branches for regular and fixed-point monitoring.Three trees were randomly selected from each variety to investigate the damage fruit rate and new shoot damage rate at east,south,west and north directions of each tree,and the number of infected fruits and damaged new shoots was recorded.[Result]There were obvious differences in taxis selection of G.molesta to different peach varieties,and the trap catches in the same variety varied among different periods.The damage caused by G.molesta in the same variety over the same period was different among different organs.The catch peak of late ripening peach 03-46-78 appeared on August 11.In summer shoot period,the trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 were extremely higher than those of other varieties,and the damage rate of late ripening peach Jinyuan was extremely higher than that of other varieties.In autumn shoot period,the average trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 were significantly higher than those of other varieties,and the damage rate of late ripening peach Jinyuan was significantly higher than that of other varieties.The investigation and analysis of different ripening stages of peach fruits showed that the damage rate of late ripening variety Ruiguang 39 was significantly higher than that of other varieties in the ripening stage.The trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 were significantly higher than those of other varieties in the young fruit stage.The trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 had significant difference with those of other varieties during fruit expansion stage.The trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 had significant difference with that of other varieties during fruit ripening stage.[Conclusion]With the development of new shoots and the ripening of fruits,G.molesta appears different dynamic regularities in different organs of various varieties.The time point that G.molesta transfers with the development of fruit tree organs should be grasped to deeply analyze the physical and chemical properties of fruit trees during the growth period,so as to find out reasonable and effective prevention and control techniques for fruit farmers.展开更多
Grapholita molesta is one of the most destructive fruit pests distributed worldwide.Odorant receptors(ORs)located on the dendritic membrane of chemosensory neurons are deemed to be key molecules for sensing exogenous ...Grapholita molesta is one of the most destructive fruit pests distributed worldwide.Odorant receptors(ORs)located on the dendritic membrane of chemosensory neurons are deemed to be key molecules for sensing exogenous chemical signals.In this study,GmolOR9,a general OR from G.molesta,was functionally characterized.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that GniolOR9 was more highly expressed in adults than in other stages,including eggs,larvae,and pupae.GmolOR9 expression was highly significantly more in the antennae of females than in those of males,and the highest level occurred in the antennae of 3-day-old female adults.GmolOR9 was broadly tuned to eight of 47 odorant components tested including(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate,butyl propionate,ethyl hexanoate,ethyl heptanoate,1-hexanol,(Z)-3-hexenol,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,and linalool,by in vitro heterologous expression.Furthermore,electroantennogram responses indicated that the efTects of dsOR9-injected females to(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate dramatically decreased.These results suggested that GmolOR9 might be involved in detecting hostplant volatiles.Moreover,(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate might serve as a potential attractant for the biological control of G.molesta.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to understand the selectivity and transitivity characteristics of Grapholitha molesta Busck in the course of host transfer.[Method] The damage time point of G.molesta was analyzed through sex...[Objective] The paper was to understand the selectivity and transitivity characteristics of Grapholitha molesta Busck in the course of host transfer.[Method] The damage time point of G.molesta was analyzed through sex pheromone trapping technique and reaction of resistance or susceptibility of different hosts.[Result] Along with the development of fruit tree organs,G.molesta appeared certain regular dynamics.During the flowering period of fruit trees,certain peaks of G.molesta were observed in pear orchard and peach orchard,and the average trap catches were182.8 and 208.6 moths,respectively.With the growth of new shoots,fruit expansion and ripening during the growth period of fruit trees,the trap catches and damage rate of peach trees were significantly higher than those of pear trees during new shoot stage,which were 151.8 and 118 moths,11.13% and 0.05%,respectively.There were significant differences in infected shoot rate.The trap catches in pear orchard reached the maximum at fruit ripening stage,which were 102.2,192.8,36 and 61.2 moths,respectively.There were significant difference in trap catches between pear orchard and peach orchard during fruit expansion stage and fruit ripening stage.[Conclusion] The study lays a foundation for accurately promoting effective prevention and control combining biological control and chemical control against G.molesta.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272043)the the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201103024)
文摘Insect pheromone-binding proteins （PBPs） play important roles in transporting hydrophobic pheromone components across the sensillum lymph to the surface of olfactory receptors （ORs）. However, the PBPs of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, an important destructive pest of stone fruits worldwide, are not well characterized. In this study, two new putative PBP genes, GmolPBP2 and GmolPBP3, were identiifed from G. molesta antennae. The deduced amino-acid sequences of these two putative PBP genes are characteristic of the odorant binding protein family, containing six conserved cysteine residues. The genomic DNA sequence of each gene contained two introns. However, the lengths and positions of the introns differed. RT-PCR analyses revealed that the two GmolPBP genes are only expressed in the antennae of female and male moths. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the transcription levels of GmolPBP2 are far greater than those of GmolPBP3 in both female and male antennae. GmolPBP3 showed higher transcription levels in female antennae than in male antennae, while GmolPBP2 showed similar transcription levels in both female and male antennae. The transcript levels of both genes were signiifcantly different in premating and post-coitum individuals, implying that mating affects the process of sex pheromone reception. To better understand the functions, two GmolPBPs were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the ligand binding assays were conducted. Results showed that GmolPBP2 has strong binding afifnities to two sex pheromone components, E8-12：Ac and Z8-12：Ac, as well as weaker binding afifnities to Z8-12：OH and 12：OH. GmolPBP2 also bound some ordinary odor molecules. However, the afifnity of GmolPBP3 to both sex pheromones and ordinary odor molecules was very weak. These results show that GmolPBP2 plays the main role in pheromone discrimination and recognition in the oriental fruit moth.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily determine the susceptible varieties of Grapholita molesta(Busck)by analyzing trap catches of peach trees at different ripening stages,new shoot damage rate and fruit damage rate at different development stages.[Method]Three traps were hanged in peach orchard of the same variety,with the interval of 30 m.The traps were fixed on ventilated and shaded branches for regular and fixed-point monitoring.Three trees were randomly selected from each variety to investigate the damage fruit rate and new shoot damage rate at east,south,west and north directions of each tree,and the number of infected fruits and damaged new shoots was recorded.[Result]There were obvious differences in taxis selection of G.molesta to different peach varieties,and the trap catches in the same variety varied among different periods.The damage caused by G.molesta in the same variety over the same period was different among different organs.The catch peak of late ripening peach 03-46-78 appeared on August 11.In summer shoot period,the trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 were extremely higher than those of other varieties,and the damage rate of late ripening peach Jinyuan was extremely higher than that of other varieties.In autumn shoot period,the average trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 were significantly higher than those of other varieties,and the damage rate of late ripening peach Jinyuan was significantly higher than that of other varieties.The investigation and analysis of different ripening stages of peach fruits showed that the damage rate of late ripening variety Ruiguang 39 was significantly higher than that of other varieties in the ripening stage.The trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 were significantly higher than those of other varieties in the young fruit stage.The trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 had significant difference with those of other varieties during fruit expansion stage.The trap catches of late ripening peach 03-46-78 had significant difference with that of other varieties during fruit ripening stage.[Conclusion]With the development of new shoots and the ripening of fruits,G.molesta appears different dynamic regularities in different organs of various varieties.The time point that G.molesta transfers with the development of fruit tree organs should be grasped to deeply analyze the physical and chemical properties of fruit trees during the growth period,so as to find out reasonable and effective prevention and control techniques for fruit farmers.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0201400).
文摘Grapholita molesta is one of the most destructive fruit pests distributed worldwide.Odorant receptors(ORs)located on the dendritic membrane of chemosensory neurons are deemed to be key molecules for sensing exogenous chemical signals.In this study,GmolOR9,a general OR from G.molesta,was functionally characterized.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that GniolOR9 was more highly expressed in adults than in other stages,including eggs,larvae,and pupae.GmolOR9 expression was highly significantly more in the antennae of females than in those of males,and the highest level occurred in the antennae of 3-day-old female adults.GmolOR9 was broadly tuned to eight of 47 odorant components tested including(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate,butyl propionate,ethyl hexanoate,ethyl heptanoate,1-hexanol,(Z)-3-hexenol,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,and linalool,by in vitro heterologous expression.Furthermore,electroantennogram responses indicated that the efTects of dsOR9-injected females to(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate dramatically decreased.These results suggested that GmolOR9 might be involved in detecting hostplant volatiles.Moreover,(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate might serve as a potential attractant for the biological control of G.molesta.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to understand the selectivity and transitivity characteristics of Grapholitha molesta Busck in the course of host transfer.[Method] The damage time point of G.molesta was analyzed through sex pheromone trapping technique and reaction of resistance or susceptibility of different hosts.[Result] Along with the development of fruit tree organs,G.molesta appeared certain regular dynamics.During the flowering period of fruit trees,certain peaks of G.molesta were observed in pear orchard and peach orchard,and the average trap catches were182.8 and 208.6 moths,respectively.With the growth of new shoots,fruit expansion and ripening during the growth period of fruit trees,the trap catches and damage rate of peach trees were significantly higher than those of pear trees during new shoot stage,which were 151.8 and 118 moths,11.13% and 0.05%,respectively.There were significant differences in infected shoot rate.The trap catches in pear orchard reached the maximum at fruit ripening stage,which were 102.2,192.8,36 and 61.2 moths,respectively.There were significant difference in trap catches between pear orchard and peach orchard during fruit expansion stage and fruit ripening stage.[Conclusion] The study lays a foundation for accurately promoting effective prevention and control combining biological control and chemical control against G.molesta.
