基层应急治理共同体的塑造--基于信任—规则—行动力的框架分析

构建基层应急治理共同体,提升基层应急治理能力,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分。目前基层应急治理面临着基层政府治理能力不足、体制机制不畅、公众参与不足和社会组织参与无序性等问题,亟须缩短应急处突的链条,提高决策的适应性,构建共建、共治、共享的基层应急治理共同体。在共同体塑造过程中,通过构建“信任—规则—行动力”的框架,在党建引领下,以信任价值塑造公共精神,以规则建构推进契约共建,以在地文化环境建构和能力提升的系统工程推动应急治理共同体的行动力塑造,将共同体的功能贯穿于风险研判、处置、应对、恢复于一体的全周期应急治理动态机制中,推动应急治理走向人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的治理格局。

刚柔并济:党建化解基层治理悖论的逻辑--以西安市G社区“党建+片区大物业”为例

基层治理是国家行政力量与社会自治力量共同作用的交叉场域,形成了两种力量之间的张力,并围绕此张力凸显出三重治理悖论。基层党建是沟通国家与社会的桥梁。在此背景下,党建引领的治理逻辑如何平衡国家行政力量与社会自治力量之间的悖论?对西安市G社区“党建+片区大物业”的治理过程进行观察,发现党建在基层治理中表现出刚柔并济的治理逻辑。其中,正式结构、强关系与规范手段构成了党建治理的刚性三角,而非正式结构、弱关系与情感手段则构成了党建治理的柔性三角。党建的治理逻辑不仅展现了党建引领基层治理的灵活方案,也揭示了政党在场下国家-社会关系的形塑机制。

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P<0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P<0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.

中国式现代化视域下农村基层治理法治化研究--以《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》为视角

《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》承继全面脱贫攻坚战的胜利,正值乡村振兴战略的紧要实施关头应运而生。随着中国式现代化建设程度的不断加深,顺应新时代高质量发展的必然要求,《乡村振兴促进法》既要严格符合乡村振兴战略,同时还要符合“三治融合”,保证有效实现农村基层治理法治化。虽然农村基层治理法治化存在乡村正义与治理秩序等多元价值,但是,其在实现与推进过程中仍需要关切不断出现的“三农”问题,并以立法体系、执法监督、纠纷解决和人才培养等多元手段应对治理法治化的现实障碍,完善农村基层治理法治化,全力构建乡村治理体系现代化,实现乡村振兴。

社会治理视域下基层党组织领办集体经济实体的实践探索及优化路径--以贵州省金沙县为例

党的二十大提出“要完善社会治理体系”,对完善社会治理体系作出新的部署。完善社会治理体系,提升社会治理效能,不断推动社会治理现代化,让社会既拥有良好秩序又充满发展活力,为乡村全面振兴和实现共同富裕奠定坚实基础。基层党组织领办集体经济实体,是党建引领社会治理的有效载体,不仅具有经济带动优势,能够促进共同富裕,也具有社会治理效能,不断提升社会治理水平。基层党组织领办集体经济实体是在充分尊重农民意愿基础上,采取农业集约化管理手段,推动村集体经济快速高效发展。它既是发展壮大农村集体经济、巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的有力抓手,也是增强党在农村基层组织的凝聚力、巩固党在农村执政根基的载体。金沙县基层党组织领办集体经济实体围绕规范化、实体化、内涵式发展思路,在促谋划研判、促政策落实、规范监测管理、探索示范带动等方面取得了初步成效,但如何进一步将党组织的政治优势、组织优势转化为发展优势、产业优势,可以从激发群众内生动力、推进人才队伍建设、优化外部环境等方面着手。

The Building of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension System

Based on the survey of 154 farmers in Guiyang City, we analyze the basic situation of building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City. Then we point out some problems in the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City: the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center weakens; the content of agricultural technology extension is difficult to adapt to farmers' needs for technology; the extension mode of agricultural technology departments does not adapt to the needs of modern agriculture. In order to perfect the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, the countermeasures and recommendations are put forth as follows: strengthening the input of funds, and ensuring that the basic work of public welfare agricultural technology extension is smoothly carried out; innovating upon the system, and improving the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center; implementing management on agricultural technology extension personnel's performance, and promoting the extension efficiency; strengthening the building of extension team in rural areas, and cultivating high-quality agricultural technology extension personnel; exploring the advanced service mode to meet farmers' needs.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of PgSQE08-01 Gene in Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.

史密斯模型视角下乡村产业振兴政策执行研究--以F县H镇为例

乡村振兴是包括产业振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态振兴和组织振兴的全面振兴,其中最重要、最根本、最关键的是产业振兴。乡村产业振兴与乡村发展的物质经济基础密切相关,是乡村全面振兴的关键。促进乡村产业振兴,必须建立健全制度体系,并有效推进政策自上而下的传导,这是实现农村一二三产业融合及乡村振兴的重要保障,对于建设中国特色社会主义乡村具有至关重要的意义。基于对F县H镇乡村产业振兴政策执行过程的实地调研,结合史密斯政策执行过程模型,从多角度分析乡村产业振兴政策执行困境并提出相关的对策建议,以期为基层政府更有效地落实产业振兴政策,推进乡村振兴提供一定的启示和参考。

新时代“枫桥经验”在农村基层治理中的实践与创新--以湖南省耒阳市“湾村明白人”为例

新时代“枫桥经验”是中国式基层社会治理的重大经验,彰显中国式基层社会治理的独特优势和强大活力。湖南省耒阳市以新时代“枫桥经验”为指引,结合区域特点及农村基层治理实际,积极探索农村基层治理新模式,创新提出“湾村明白人”农村基层治理模式,在基层治理实践中做到“小事不出湾村、大事不出行政村、问题不到乡镇”,有效解决纠纷矛盾,维护基层平安稳定,助推乡村振兴,提升基层治理效能。“湾村明白人”基层治理模式是一个可推介、可复制,具有突出成效的典型农村基层治理新模式。

“五治融合”中乡村治理共同体生成机制研究--以阜阳市“四事四权”工作法为例

建立“五治融合”的乡村治理体系是乡村治理现代化的具体要求,也是助推乡村治理共同体建构的有效途径。在对阜阳市白行社区乡村治理的探究中发现,该社区按照新农村建设要求推进白行中心村新农村建设,同时,以扶贫、信访及矛盾调解为桥梁,对各种村级组织进行赋能,并建立健全体制机制,让农村的经济发展和治理可以有机结合起来,进而通过网格管理的统筹和多元主体的耦合,实现“五治”的有机融合。在整个过程中,“五老调事”是规则依据的有力创建者和执行者,“支部说事”和“网格管事”各类村级组织是联动枢纽,“群众议事”在集体经济发展基础上建立的利益连接机制是“五治融合”乃至构建乡村社会整体的动力源泉,而“五治融合”的核心在于乡村多重治理主体之间的耦合性,通过构建价值共同体、组织共同体、行动共同体,推动乡村治理共同体的形成。

组织创新引领乡村振兴:“组织联带”驱动共同富裕--基于P县拱市联村的个案分析

组织振兴作为乡村振兴战略的“一号工程”,是新时代实现乡村全面振兴的重要基础和根本保障。实践中将农村基层党组织的制度优势、政治优势转化为治理效能,是当前全面推进乡村振兴的核心要义。四川省P县拱市联村突破传统的农村基层组织架构,探索出一种创新型的、非建制性的、功能型的基层党组织跨村镇联建形式——拱市联村党委,并逐步形成了具有“组织联建”“主业联抓”“队伍联育”“学习联排”“治理联创”等地域特色的“组织联带”创新实践模式,是新时代解决农村地区发展不平衡、不充分问题的创新举措,也是党建引领实现共同富裕的重要路径和制度创新。

分类治理:中国社区双重属性及其实现机制研究--基于珠海市社区议事协商的案例分析

“强行政-弱自治”是当前社区治理研究的核心议题之一,既有研究聚焦国家-社会关系视角下的社区属性定位,试图从“去行政化”和激活社区活力两个角度入手解决社区自治不畅问题,但实践探索未达到预期效果。基于事务与运行机制相匹配的组织学理论,构建社区分类治理的分析框架,并以珠海市香洲区社区协商治理实践为例展开的个案研究发现:破解社区自治难题的关键在于区分社区双重事务,在社区建立行政与自治两种工作机制,以实现社区党委领导下双轮驱动的社区治理。其中,以规则为核心的可操作化自治机制是自治有效运转的关键。这一研究不仅对加强社区自治给出了具体路径建议,也是对中国社区双重属性及相关问题之争的某种厘清。

乡村振兴战略下新疆基层政府文化惠民工程路径探析--基于史密斯模型的分析

新疆基层政府文化惠民工程的更好推进,是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的迫切要求,是助推边疆乡村振兴战略的重要内容。运用史密斯政策执行过程模型,从乡村振兴战略背景出发,论述了新疆基层政府在文化惠民工程实施过程中面临的诸多困境。为提升新疆基层政府文化惠民工程执行力,巩固脱贫攻坚成果,提出以下4个改进措施:深入调查、优化政策,突出文化惠民工程顶层设计优势;多方参与、引进人才,建设高效的文化惠民工程队伍;强化教育、提高认知,鼓励群众参与文化惠民工程;加大投入、营造氛围,改善文化惠民工程实施环境。

我国基层公共体育服务治理机制创新研究--基于基层体育委员工作机制的个案分析

基层体育委员工作机制对完善我国全民健身公共服务体系和提升基层体育治理能力现代化水平具有重要的实践意义。运用个案分析法,以浙江省台州市天台县的基层体育委员工作机制为案例,对基层体育委员工作机制的特点与进一步推进面临的现实困境进行了分析。基层体育委员工作机制的特点是:网格化协同供给;带动体育弱势村增加公共体育服务;公共体育服务供给精准化;侧重体育委员队伍建设;大力构建公共体育服务信息平台。当前,进一步推进基层体育委员工作机制面临的现实困境是:1)基层体育委员选聘制度不完善;2)基层体育委员的工作经费不足、相关支持措施较少;3)基层体育委员工作的激励措施不完善;4)居民对基层体育委员的知晓度不高。基于以上提出建议:1)选育并重,提高基层体育委员的综合素质;2)综合施策,加大对基层体育委员工作经费的支持力度;3)加大宣传力度和完善激励措施,激发基层体育委员的工作热情和积极性;4)使公共体育服务供给与居民实际需求对接,提升公共体育服务供给效能。

基于扩展TAM-TPB整合模型的患者基层首诊意愿影响因素研究

目的/意义基于扩展TAM-TPB整合模型,研究影响患者参与基层首诊意愿的主要因素。方法/过程采用结构方程模型探析患者选择基层首诊决策过程中的影响因素及其内在作用机制。结果/结论患者主观规范、行为态度、知觉行为控制显著正向影响其参与基层首诊意愿,感知易用性和感知有用性显著正向影响行为态度和知觉行为控制,感知易用性显著正向影响感知有用性。患者对基层首诊认知存在盲区,自我效能感较弱,应不断加强对基层首诊相关政策法规的系统宣传,简化基层首诊的流程与步骤,引导居民树立科学理性的就医观念,从而增强患者基层首诊参与意愿。

Estrogen affects neuropathic pain through upregulating N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion of rats

Estrogen affects the generation and transmission of neuropathic pain,but the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear.Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1（NMDAR1） plays an important role in the production and maintenance of hyperalgesia and allodynia.The present study was conducted to determine whether a relationship exists between estrogen and NMDAR1 in peripheral nerve pain.A chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury model of chronic neuropathic pain was established in rats.These rats were then subcutaneously injected with 17β-estradiol,the NMDAR1 antagonist D（-）-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid（AP-5）,or both once daily for 15 days.Compared with injured drug na？ve rats,rats with chronic sciatic nerve injury that were administered estradiol showed a lower paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and a shorter paw withdrawal thermal latency,indicating increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal pain.Estrogen administration was also associated with increased expression of NMDAR1 immunoreactivity（as assessed by immunohistochemistry） and protein（as determined by western blot assay） in spinal dorsal root ganglia.This 17β-estradiol-induced increase in NMDAR1 expression was blocked by co-administration with AP-5,whereas AP-5 alone did not affect NMDAR1 expression.These results suggest that 17β-estradiol administration significantly reduced mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in rats with chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve,and that the mechanism for this increased sensitivity may be related to the upregulation of NMDAR1 expression in dorsal root ganglia.

2016-2020年宁夏基层医疗资源配置与经济发展耦合协调度的空间格局及演化分析

[目的]了解宁夏基层医疗资源配置与经济发展的耦合协调度在时间、空间上的变化趋势,以期促进两系统之间的协调发展。[方法]首先用线性加权法计算宁夏各市(区、县)基层医疗资源配置与经济发展水平的综合评价指数,再利用耦合协调模型计算2016-2020年各市(区、县)基层医疗资源配置与经济发展水平的耦合协调度,最后运用Arc GIS软件分析耦合协调度的空间分布及空间关联特征。[结果]2016-2020年各市(区、县)基层医疗资源配置与经济发展耦合协调度变化均呈小幅波动,在研究时段内数值变化不大;2016-2018年两系统耦合协调度等级变化较小,2018-2020年两系统耦合协调等级变化较大,耦合协调发展趋势向好;局域空间自相关分析发现部分市(区、县)出现高-高、高-低、低-高、低-低聚集模式。[结论]宁夏基层医疗资源配置与经济发展耦合协调度有待提高;基层医疗资源配置与经济发展耦合协调状态存在地区间发展不平衡;部分市(区、县)基层医疗资源配置与经济发展耦合协调具有空间相关性。