The Building of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension System

Based on the survey of 154 farmers in Guiyang City, we analyze the basic situation of building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City. Then we point out some problems in the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City: the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center weakens; the content of agricultural technology extension is difficult to adapt to farmers' needs for technology; the extension mode of agricultural technology departments does not adapt to the needs of modern agriculture. In order to perfect the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, the countermeasures and recommendations are put forth as follows: strengthening the input of funds, and ensuring that the basic work of public welfare agricultural technology extension is smoothly carried out; innovating upon the system, and improving the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center; implementing management on agricultural technology extension personnel's performance, and promoting the extension efficiency; strengthening the building of extension team in rural areas, and cultivating high-quality agricultural technology extension personnel; exploring the advanced service mode to meet farmers' needs.

Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P【0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P【0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.

Significance,Path and Typical Cases of Integration of Grassroots Party Construction and Targeted Poverty Alleviation Team Construction in Colleges and Universities

The integration of party construction and poverty alleviation and development is an important form of achieving poverty alleviation in China. Based on the actual case of the integration of the party branch construction of the Institute of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics and the construction of a third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,this paper elaborated the practical significance and integration path design of the grassroots party construction and targeted poverty alleviation thirdparty evaluation team construction in colleges and universities. Besides,it analyzed the typical case of the party branch in the process of building the party branch of the ' double leader' teachers in the national colleges and universities,and vigorously implementing the development of the party branch construction and the third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,and promoting double integration and double promotion. Finally,it came up with recommendations for further strengthening the development of the party branch construction and the thirdparty evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation( including strengthening the party construction responsibility,promoting the solid foundation,promoting deep integration,strengthening mutual promotion,gathering poverty alleviation talents,and strengthen intellectual support),so as to form a new model of poverty alleviation through party construction and practicing the lofty purpose of serving the poor household wholeheartedly,and provide a useful reference for the grassroots party construction in China to promote poverty alleviation.

Abnormal Secondary Growth and Histochemical Localization of Alkaloids in Root System of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.

基层应急治理共同体的塑造--基于信任—规则—行动力的框架分析

构建基层应急治理共同体,提升基层应急治理能力,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分。目前基层应急治理面临着基层政府治理能力不足、体制机制不畅、公众参与不足和社会组织参与无序性等问题,亟须缩短应急处突的链条,提高决策的适应性,构建共建、共治、共享的基层应急治理共同体。在共同体塑造过程中,通过构建“信任—规则—行动力”的框架,在党建引领下,以信任价值塑造公共精神,以规则建构推进契约共建,以在地文化环境建构和能力提升的系统工程推动应急治理共同体的行动力塑造,将共同体的功能贯穿于风险研判、处置、应对、恢复于一体的全周期应急治理动态机制中,推动应急治理走向人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的治理格局。

Estrogen affects neuropathic pain through upregulating N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion of rats

Estrogen affects the generation and transmission of neuropathic pain,but the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear.Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1（NMDAR1） plays an important role in the production and maintenance of hyperalgesia and allodynia.The present study was conducted to determine whether a relationship exists between estrogen and NMDAR1 in peripheral nerve pain.A chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury model of chronic neuropathic pain was established in rats.These rats were then subcutaneously injected with 17β-estradiol,the NMDAR1 antagonist D（-）-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid（AP-5）,or both once daily for 15 days.Compared with injured drug na？ve rats,rats with chronic sciatic nerve injury that were administered estradiol showed a lower paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and a shorter paw withdrawal thermal latency,indicating increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal pain.Estrogen administration was also associated with increased expression of NMDAR1 immunoreactivity（as assessed by immunohistochemistry） and protein（as determined by western blot assay） in spinal dorsal root ganglia.This 17β-estradiol-induced increase in NMDAR1 expression was blocked by co-administration with AP-5,whereas AP-5 alone did not affect NMDAR1 expression.These results suggest that 17β-estradiol administration significantly reduced mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in rats with chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve,and that the mechanism for this increased sensitivity may be related to the upregulation of NMDAR1 expression in dorsal root ganglia.

刚柔并济:党建化解基层治理悖论的逻辑--以西安市G社区“党建+片区大物业”为例

基层治理是国家行政力量与社会自治力量共同作用的交叉场域,形成了两种力量之间的张力,并围绕此张力凸显出三重治理悖论。基层党建是沟通国家与社会的桥梁。在此背景下,党建引领的治理逻辑如何平衡国家行政力量与社会自治力量之间的悖论?对西安市G社区“党建+片区大物业”的治理过程进行观察,发现党建在基层治理中表现出刚柔并济的治理逻辑。其中,正式结构、强关系与规范手段构成了党建治理的刚性三角,而非正式结构、弱关系与情感手段则构成了党建治理的柔性三角。党建的治理逻辑不仅展现了党建引领基层治理的灵活方案,也揭示了政党在场下国家-社会关系的形塑机制。

Effects of Rooting Agents on Growth and Photosynthetic Traits of Sudan Grasses

[Objective] To investigate the effects of rooting agents on the growth and photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses. [ Method] The responses of the growth and some photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses to three NK II rooting agents were determined according to the randomized complete block design. [ Result] Compared to control treatment, the Sudan grass treated by NK 11-298 showed higher chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents, higher chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values （ PSII quantum efficiency： ФPSII; photochemical quenching： qP; and electron transport rate： ETR）, higher maximum photosynthetic rate （Pmax） and respiration rate （ Rd）, and the highest biomass accumulation. The chlorophyU fluorescence parameter values of Sudan grasses treated by NK 11-888 and NK 11-16 were higher than those of control treatment （ P 〈 0.05）, and other indexes had no significant difference. [ Conclusion] The rooting agents should be selected carefully according to their practice aims because of sensibility of Sudan grass to rooting agents.

Preliminary Study on Water Demand Law of 1-0 Rooted Cuttings of Populus szechuanica

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the afforestation and artificial water supply of P.szechuanica in arid areas,the characteristics of water consumption of P.szechuanica were explored,and the law of water demand of P.szechuanica was grasped.In this paper,potted seedlings of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica were taken as research objects,and change situation of water consumption under different water control gradients was measured regularly by using weighing method,further analyzing dynamic change of water consumption of P.szechuanica and revealing water demand law of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica.The results showed that total change of water consumption of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica had"slow-fast-slow-fast"double-peak trend in the growth period of the current year,and corresponded with univariate linear relation(R^(2)=0.7137),with significant difference.In whole growth period,water consumption in August was the highest,which was 2.7 times of that in June and July and 1.5 times of that after September.In different water control treatments,the dynamic changes of daily and monthly water consumption were significantly different.In seven water control treatments,monthly water consumption was between(6315.95±1690.70)and(10105.28±3065.30)g/month,and mean was(8211.07±2308.23)g/month.With intensification of water control treatment,water consumption increased,but there was no seedling death due to water shortage.P.szechuanica has great plasticity in water demand,and can survive in both arid and humid environments.Meanwhile,it is revealed that P.szechuanica is the most widely distributed tree species in the region.

压力型体制下基层减负政策执行困境与优化路径--基于珠三角M镇的调研分析

在中央提出“为基层减负”的背景下,不同地方政府显现出差异化的政策执行样态:既有一些地方政府积极响应中央指示,着力解决形式主义与官僚主义顽疾,也有一些地方政府消极应对上级考核要求,以致中央减负政策执行难以达到预期。基于珠三角M镇调研发现:在压力型体制下,中央减负政策执行陷入任务分解与责任摊派的路径依赖困境,非但难以降低基层部门工作负担,反而致使其陷入遵照执行减负抑或主动加码的两难选择困境,甚至在完成减负指标之后,出现工作量超负荷弥补与报复性反弹迹象。因此,各级地方政府在减负前,需要破除科层制路径依赖,扎实推进减负政策;减负中,需要赋予基层自主裁量权,提升工作自主性;减负后,需要加强减负政策配套,形成减负长效机制,使中央减负政策落实到位,切实为基层减负。

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of PgSQE08-01 Gene in Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.

史密斯模型视角下乡村产业振兴政策执行研究--以F县H镇为例

乡村振兴是包括产业振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态振兴和组织振兴的全面振兴,其中最重要、最根本、最关键的是产业振兴。乡村产业振兴与乡村发展的物质经济基础密切相关,是乡村全面振兴的关键。促进乡村产业振兴,必须建立健全制度体系,并有效推进政策自上而下的传导,这是实现农村一二三产业融合及乡村振兴的重要保障,对于建设中国特色社会主义乡村具有至关重要的意义。基于对F县H镇乡村产业振兴政策执行过程的实地调研,结合史密斯政策执行过程模型,从多角度分析乡村产业振兴政策执行困境并提出相关的对策建议,以期为基层政府更有效地落实产业振兴政策,推进乡村振兴提供一定的启示和参考。

中国式现代化视域下农村基层治理法治化研究--以《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》为视角

《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》承继全面脱贫攻坚战的胜利,正值乡村振兴战略的紧要实施关头应运而生。随着中国式现代化建设程度的不断加深,顺应新时代高质量发展的必然要求,《乡村振兴促进法》既要严格符合乡村振兴战略,同时还要符合“三治融合”,保证有效实现农村基层治理法治化。虽然农村基层治理法治化存在乡村正义与治理秩序等多元价值,但是,其在实现与推进过程中仍需要关切不断出现的“三农”问题,并以立法体系、执法监督、纠纷解决和人才培养等多元手段应对治理法治化的现实障碍,完善农村基层治理法治化,全力构建乡村治理体系现代化,实现乡村振兴。

社会治理视域下基层党组织领办集体经济实体的实践探索及优化路径--以贵州省金沙县为例

党的二十大提出“要完善社会治理体系”,对完善社会治理体系作出新的部署。完善社会治理体系,提升社会治理效能,不断推动社会治理现代化,让社会既拥有良好秩序又充满发展活力,为乡村全面振兴和实现共同富裕奠定坚实基础。基层党组织领办集体经济实体,是党建引领社会治理的有效载体,不仅具有经济带动优势,能够促进共同富裕,也具有社会治理效能,不断提升社会治理水平。基层党组织领办集体经济实体是在充分尊重农民意愿基础上,采取农业集约化管理手段,推动村集体经济快速高效发展。它既是发展壮大农村集体经济、巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的有力抓手,也是增强党在农村基层组织的凝聚力、巩固党在农村执政根基的载体。金沙县基层党组织领办集体经济实体围绕规范化、实体化、内涵式发展思路,在促谋划研判、促政策落实、规范监测管理、探索示范带动等方面取得了初步成效,但如何进一步将党组织的政治优势、组织优势转化为发展优势、产业优势,可以从激发群众内生动力、推进人才队伍建设、优化外部环境等方面着手。

新时代“枫桥经验”在农村基层治理中的实践与创新--以湖南省耒阳市“湾村明白人”为例

新时代“枫桥经验”是中国式基层社会治理的重大经验,彰显中国式基层社会治理的独特优势和强大活力。湖南省耒阳市以新时代“枫桥经验”为指引,结合区域特点及农村基层治理实际,积极探索农村基层治理新模式,创新提出“湾村明白人”农村基层治理模式,在基层治理实践中做到“小事不出湾村、大事不出行政村、问题不到乡镇”,有效解决纠纷矛盾,维护基层平安稳定,助推乡村振兴,提升基层治理效能。“湾村明白人”基层治理模式是一个可推介、可复制,具有突出成效的典型农村基层治理新模式。

“五治融合”中乡村治理共同体生成机制研究--以阜阳市“四事四权”工作法为例

建立“五治融合”的乡村治理体系是乡村治理现代化的具体要求,也是助推乡村治理共同体建构的有效途径。在对阜阳市白行社区乡村治理的探究中发现,该社区按照新农村建设要求推进白行中心村新农村建设,同时,以扶贫、信访及矛盾调解为桥梁,对各种村级组织进行赋能,并建立健全体制机制,让农村的经济发展和治理可以有机结合起来,进而通过网格管理的统筹和多元主体的耦合,实现“五治”的有机融合。在整个过程中,“五老调事”是规则依据的有力创建者和执行者,“支部说事”和“网格管事”各类村级组织是联动枢纽,“群众议事”在集体经济发展基础上建立的利益连接机制是“五治融合”乃至构建乡村社会整体的动力源泉,而“五治融合”的核心在于乡村多重治理主体之间的耦合性,通过构建价值共同体、组织共同体、行动共同体,推动乡村治理共同体的形成。

三倍体毛白杨-黑麦草复合生态系统林木细根与草根的分解及养分动态

在天全县的退耕还林地中,对三倍体毛白杨细根与黑麦草草根的分解及其N、P、K、Ca和Mg养分动态进行了研究.结果表明,细根直径0～1、1～2和0～2 mm及草根的分解速率与时间呈负指数关系,第1年干重损失率分别为76.17%、69.80%、73.44%和79.53%,分解50%所需的时间分别为217、266、254和172 d.细根分解过程中,N和Ca浓度增加,而P、K、Mg浓度下降;草根分解过程中,其养分元素的浓度变化整体上没有规律.细根分解过程中P、K和Mg的养分残留率与其干重残留率的变化趋势相似,分解前期下降较快,随后下降比较平缓,N和Ca的养分残留率下降则比较平缓,并且养分的分解速率均以P最快,其次是K和Mg,而N和Ca最慢;草根分解过程中N、P、K、Ca和Mg的养分残留率初期下降比较快,随后趋于平缓,并且元素分解速率呈不规则变化,其中Ca分解速率最慢,其它元素的分解速率相近.