Living environment shaped residents’willingness to pay for ecosystem services in Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis,China

Profound understanding on the diversity of local residents’willingness to pay(WTP)for ecosystem services(ESs)may aid evaluation of policy impacts by uncovering trade-offs and synergies for achieving sustainable environmental resource management.However,the reasons for the spatial preference heterogeneity of WTP are still unclear.In this study,an extensive survey with 4,580 residents in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis(YRMRM),central China,was carried out to investigate the public’s WTP to maintain and improve ESs.We identified key influencing factors and explored how they shaped the preference heterogeneity in WTP by random forest model and surface fitting method.Our results showed that 81.4% of residents reported WTP for ESs greater than zero.Water supply,waste treatment,food supply and raw material supply were the preferred ESs for residents.Living environment factors(i.e.,extent of farmland,water and forest near the residence)were found as the key drivers of WTP.Proximity to farmland,water and forests resulted in high WTP values for a series of specific ESs.The reasons for the heterogeneity of WTP are(1)the difference in proximity to farmland,water and forest(i.e.,the contributor to ESs),(2)the divergence of local residents’preferences for ESs.This study disclosed the heterogeneity and causes of public preferences in YRMRM,which could help policy and decision makers to develop eco-compensation initiatives towards conservative and sustainable use of the environmental resources.

Tourists’Willingness to Pay for Recreation Services in Nyerere National Park,Tanzania:Are We Overvaluing or Undervaluing Our Nature Recreation Resources?

This study estimated tourists’Willingness to Pay(WTP)per day for recreation services in Nyerere National Park(NNP)and compared these values with daily travel costs that are incurred by tourists to visit NNP in order to inform whether recreation resources in the park are overvalued or undervalued.The study revealed that tourists’WTP per day for recreation services was estimated at$237.4 and$1521 for resident and non-resident tourists,respectively.The estimated tourists’WTP values exceed the daily travel costs currently incurred by tourists,which are$201.04 and$1517.97 for resident and non-resident tourists,respectively.This indicates that tourists are willing to spend more to enjoy recreation services in NNP,which signifies that recreation resources in NNP are slightly undervalued.In addi­tion,the findings disclosed that the largest share of tourist daily travel expenses is allocated to transportation services,and very little is paid to the park as a conservation fee.It was revealed that out of the daily travel expenses incurred by non-resident and resident tourists,only 4.62%and 2.23%are respectively paid directly to NNP as conservation fees.This study considers that allocation is not very fair;thus,NNP,in collaboration with TANAPA,needs to adjust the current entrance or conservation fee and reduce the transportation costs charged by tourist companies.The travel costs incurred by tourists,age,education,monthly income,site visited,substitute site,and quality of park were identified as significant factors in influencing tourists’WTP for recreation services in NNP.Thus,policies oriented to reduce tour­ists’transportation costs and improve the quality of national parks would attract more tourists to NNP.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Assessment of Willingness to Pay as a Source of Financing for the Sustainable Development of Barobbob Watershed in Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines

This study employed the Contingent Valuation Method to assess the willingness to pay of water users, as a source of financing for the sustainable development of Barobbob Watershed. The WTP study was conducted among 345 waters users in 19 barangays in the municipalities of Solano and Bayombong. Uncensored data revealed that 63.8% (58.84% for the adjusted) of the respondents revealed willingness to pay for improved watershed management. The mean WTP amount, estimated through a logit model, Turnbull Distributor-Free Estimator and Lower Bound Estimate, is found to be PhP39.35, PhP27.80 and PhP25.90/month/household, respectively. Respondents WTP is influenced by bid amount, age, membership in environmental organization, experience with water-related problems, civil status, house ownership, and awareness on the concept of watershed. Respondents were willing to pay because they wanted a sustainable water supply for the present and future generations. A payment scheme is possible and it could provide a sustainable flow of fund, however, the willingness percentages still needed to be increased. Community education and public awareness (CEPA) campaign is necessary to enhance the water users’ knowledge and understand about the importance and values of watersheds. Ultimately, WTP percentage and WTP amounts would increase.

Beneficiaries’ Willingness to Pay for Resuscitation Provided by Ambulance Attendants: A Survey Using the Contingent Valuation Approach

Background: Japanese emergency medical services (EMS) can be used by anyone for free. Recently, EMS usage has increased;the increased costs and the prolonged time for ambulance transport have become recent social problems. Objective: We surveyed the willingness to pay (WTP) for resuscitation provided by EMS. Methods: In November 2011, men and women (3160) aged 20 - 59 years were asked to assume that they were experiencing a cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), and their WTP for EMS services was assessed in the following three situations: Case A, ambulance transport alone;Case B, chest compression in addition to ambulance transport;and Case C, artificial ventilation through chest compression and intratracheal intubation, in addition to ambulance transport. We calculated the mean WTP for each case. Results: The WTP for Case A, B, and C were ￥6,696 ($65.0), ￥16,081 ($156.1), and ￥27,505 ($267.0), respectively. The WTP for Case B was significantly higher in respondents aged 40 - 59 years compared to those aged 20 - 39 years. The WTP for case B and C were significantly higher in males compared to females. WTP was significantly lower in students than it was in private employees. Although women’s intention to pay was higher than that of men, their WTP was lower than that of men. Public employees’ and students’ intention to pay was significantly lower than that of private employees. Conclusions: Our study provides information about the optimal fee for EMS, which will be useful for discussions on the feasibility of introducing a fee for EMS in Japan.

Regional Differences in the Demand for Agricultural Socialized Service

With the gradual deepening of China's agricultural modernization,establishing a sound agricultural socialized service system is of great significance to improving the efficiency of resource use and achieving sustainable agricultural development. On the basis of the micro survey data on China's 12 provinces,we analyze the intensity of demand for agricultural socialized service in different regions as well as the main factors influencing farmers' demand willingness. The results show that there are regional differences in farmers' demand for agricultural socialized service,and among multiple factors affecting the demand willingness of agricultural socialized service,farmers' individual characteristics,household economic characteristics and farmers' social communication behavior have varying degrees of impact on farmers' choice of service.

Evaluation of Ecosystem Cultural Services in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province,China

Based on the framework of the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA),this paper evaluated the ecosystem cultural service value in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province.The study mainly adopted Condition Value Method(CVM)and questionnaire survey to survey the local residents and tourists in September 2016,and obtained 1,468 valid questionnaires,as well as used the method of payment card to get the consumers’willingness to pay,and then estimated the ecosystem cultural services value in Qilian Mountain National Park,Qinghai Province through the mean of total willingness to pay of ecological tourism and recreation and aesthetic value.Through quantitative analysis,the study concluded that the ecosystem cultural service value of Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province was 1.045 billion yuan in 2016 and 1.3 billion yuan in 2018.In 2016 and 2018,the average annual values of ecotourism and recreation are 203 million yuan and 332 million yuan respectively,and the average annual values of aesthetics are 842 million yuan and 968 million yuan respectively.In addition,the study also suggests that Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province should pay attention to reflect the characteristics of the park,focus on enhancing the aesthetic value of it in the management,and build it into a replaceable and referential national park demonstration area and ecological culture demonstration point.

森林康养消费意愿—行为与服务质量期望—感知调查及差距分析

基于对森林康养实际消费者问卷调查,发现森林康养消费者消费意愿—行为差距和森林康养服务质量期望—感知差距,根据差距分析提出以需求为导向的森林康养供给侧改革方向。研究表明,森林康养消费意愿强烈,森林康养潜在市场空间巨大,在消费次数、消费金额和消费时长等方面均远未达到消费者的预期,可以成为森林康养产业发展的增长点。配套设施、管理服务的期望—感知差距最大,因此,完善配套设施、提升管理服务成为森林康养项目重点改进方向。应从丰富自然资源多样性着手减少自然生态类因素的期望—感知差距,提高康养项目体验性与多样性,为消费者提供高性价比的森林康养产品,重点提升消费者的身心愉悦感。

公共图书馆志愿者行为、满意度与持续参与意愿调查研究——以长沙图书馆为例

文章通过问卷调查和访谈调研法调查分析了公共图书馆志愿者的志愿服务动机、满意度以及持续参与意愿与影响因素。研究发现,现阶段志愿者的参与动机、满意度均与持续参与意愿有密切相关关系,志愿者持续参与意愿受到图书馆志愿服务管理、内容、培训、权益、激励等因素的直接影响,并因此提出志愿引导、内容创新、培训机制、激励机制与权益保护等提升志愿者持续参与意愿的方法和策略。

基于SOR理论的老年人公共数字文化服务参与意愿研究

探寻老年人公共数字文化服务参与意愿因素,以期为提升公共数字文化的老年人群体服务参与度和可及性提供参考。选取30名受访者进行半结构化访谈以获取研究数据,采用扎根理论质性研究方法,对获取到的语料数据进行三级编码分析后提取相应标签,并基于SOR理论构建了老年人公共数字文化服务参与意愿影响因素分析框架。研究发现,外部刺激因素与老年用户能力状况通过认知中介形成不同程度的公共数字文化服务参与意愿,最终引发老年人不同程度、不同特征的参与行为。

戒毒服务型平台使用意愿影响因素及构建研究

自“智慧戒毒”概念提出以来,我国积极建设了许多戒毒服务型平台,为社会有寻求戒毒相关内容与线上服务人群提供了专业、便捷的途径,然而,当前这类平台普遍未深入用户视角设计平台功能。以技术接受模型为理论基础,构建戒毒服务型平台的使用意愿模型,再通过线上线下相结合的问卷调查方式,采用SPSS 21.0软件对311份有效问卷进行统计分析,将所得数据导入AMOS对模型进行测试,以了解用户对现有戒毒服务型平台的使用意愿及影响因素,从而推进我国戒毒康复平台的构建与发展。结果表明:感知有用性、感知易用性、交互体验和自我效能感对戒毒服务型平台使用意愿有正向显著影响。

生态系统休闲游憩价值评估--以北京密云区为例

作为生态产品总值核算的重要内容,生态系统文化服务主要包括休闲游憩、旅游康养与景观增值三个核算内容,但受公共产品性质的影响,休闲游憩服务缺乏市场价值,因此目前的研究很少涉及对生态系统休闲游憩价值的评估。而随着公园绿地等区域被广泛利用,其能为人们带来的休闲游憩服务也逐渐成为生态系统文化服务中不可忽视的重要组成部分。因此以北京密云区的公园绿地、滨水带与山地健身区为研究对象,运用替代成本法与支付意愿法对生态系统的休闲游憩价值进行评估与比较。结果表明,替代成本法评估的结果相对更合理;公园绿地、滨水带与山地健身区的休闲游憩价值分别为2.93亿元、4.54亿元、2.78亿元;密云区生态系统的休闲游憩价值为10.25亿元,其中费用成本6.69亿元,时间成本3.56亿元。

从意愿到行为:信息获取对公益社会体育指导员服务参与行为的影响——基于感知价值的高阶调节效应分析

为考察并探讨公益社会体育指导员服务参与意愿影响服务参与行为的前因机制中,信息获取的调节作用以及感知价值的高阶调节效应,通过便利抽样和滚雪球抽样方法对887名公益社会体育指导员进行问卷调查,采用STATA16.0和AMOS24.0对数据进行处理和分析。研究结果显示:(1)服务参与意愿可以显著正向影响服务参与行为,但并非具有服务参与意愿的公益社会体育指导员一定会采取服务参与行为,意愿与行为之间存在背离现象;(2)信息获取在服务参与意愿与服务参与行为之间具有显著调节作用,且较高的信息获取程度会进一步激发公益社会体育指导员的持续参与行为;(3)感知价值对信息获取与服务参与意愿对服务参与行为的交互效应具有高阶调节作用。

新时代背景下医学生获得感与基层服务意愿现状分析

目的了解医学生获得感与基层服务意愿现状,探索两者的相关性。方法采用分层抽样法,在某医科大学随机抽取19个医学专业各层次、各年级1个班共455名医学生进行问卷调查。结果医学生获得感处于中等偏上水平,认为所在专业和学历层次就业情况、毕业后从事本专业工作意愿是其影响因素(P<0.05);75.8%的医学生愿意到基层医疗卫生服务机构工作;医学生获得感与基层服务意愿呈正相关关系。结论医学院校要积极开展就业指导,提高医学生的获得感,增强其服务基层的意愿。

我国农村订单定向医学生履约意愿及影响因素研究

农村订单定向医学生免费培养项目(简称订单定向项目)是国家为加强农村基层卫生人才培养而实施的重要项目。我国基层医疗卫生人才总量不足、质量不高问题较为突出,实施好订单定向项目至关重要。农村订单定向医学生(简称定向医学生)履约意愿的提高是保证订单定向项目持续开展的关键。研究针对我国定向医学生履约意愿现状及影响因素研究进行综述。分析结果提示,国内针对定向医学生履约意愿开展了较多研究,不同地区定向医学生履约意愿存在明显差异,同一地区开展的不同研究结果差异也较大,国内学者主要从社会人口学因素和认知因素两个方面对定向医学生履约意愿的影响因素进行了探讨。后续应开展全国统一性调查,加强院校培养模式和政策因素与履约意愿的相关性探讨,并开展更多履约激励策略的研究,以达到提高定向医学生履约意愿的目的。

患者对药学服务的支付意愿及其影响因素

目的 通过查阅药学服务相关的文献并进行分析,探讨患者对药学服务的支付意愿及其影响因素。方法 检索中国国家知识基础设施(CNKI)、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science,有关调查患者对于药学服务支付意愿的中英文文献,发表时间为2010年1月—2023年12月,按照年份、国家、研究方法、支付意愿及其影响因素等进行分析总结。结果 共检索到关于患者对药学服务支付意愿的调查研究24项,患者愿意支付的平均费用为1~20美元。患者对药学服务的支付意愿受到多种因素影响,收入水平和文化程度越高、自付费用越低,患者对药学服务的支付意愿越高。结论 普遍发现收入水平、文化程度、医疗保险政策影响患者支付意愿。建议将药学服务纳入医疗保险支付,并加强药学服务的宣传工作,提高药师胜任力,促进药学服务高质量发展。

老年慢性病患者对陪诊服务意愿及需求的质性研究

目的探讨老年慢性病患者陪诊服务意愿及需求,为完善陪诊服务体系提供参考。方法设计描述性质性研究,对13例社区老年慢性病患者进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析,提炼主题。结果提炼出3个主题:有陪诊服务意愿、多方面陪诊服务需求、完善陪诊服务配套措施需求。结论老年慢性病患者陪诊服务意愿较强,陪诊服务需求多元化。可针对患者实际需求,构建和完善陪诊服务机制。

基于优劣尺度法的老年人居家照护服务选择偏好及支付意愿分析

目的探析老年人对居家照护服务的选择偏好及支付意愿,为推动长期护理保险制度及养老服务健康发展提供参考。方法基于优劣尺度法设计问卷,通过条件Logit回归分析老年人对居家照护服务各属性的选择偏好及老年人个体特征对其偏好的影响,并计算支付意愿。结果以个人自付额为参考,老年人对居家照护服务的选择偏好为:服务内容>服务质量>是否对服务过程进行监督或收集反馈意见(P均<0.05)。其中,老年人更偏好兼具生活照料和医疗护理的服务内容、较高的服务质量、能够进行监督或收集反馈意见的服务过程,并愿意为此分别多支付318.496元、767.508元、617.512元。老年人居家照护服务需求程度、子女数量和月均收入的差异会影响其选择偏好。结论居家照护服务发展应着力于居家医疗护理服务推广、服务质量提高和服务过程精细化管理。

护理人员对“互联网+护理服务”的认知及服务意愿探析

目的:分析护理人员对“互联网+护理服务”的认知和服务意愿。方法:采用方便抽样的方法,对重庆市护理人员进行线上问卷调查,运用潜在类别分析方法分析护理人员对“互联网+护理服务”的认知情况,“互联网+护理”服务意愿在人口学变量、认知潜在类别上的单因素分析采用χ2检验、多因素分析采用二分类Logistic回归模型。结果:重庆市护理人员对“互联网+护理服务”的认知水平总体较低;不同潜在类别认知水平护理人员的服务意愿存在显著差异,且认知水平是影响服务意愿的重要因素;护理人员愿意提供医疗风险小、技术难度低、容易操作的护理服务,与医院的物理距离最好在4km范围内;经济压力相对较大、学历较高、外科护理人员更愿意参与“互联网+护理服务”。结论:加大宣传力度,进一步提高护理人员对“互联网+护理服务”的认知水平,同时提高大众对“互联网+护理服务”的接纳度;借助行业协会等专业机构,加强对护理人员的“互联网+护理服务”培训,做好人才储备工作。

服务机器人的性别对消费者宽恕意愿的影响:热情与能力的中介和拟人化的调节

性别作为重要的身份信息,对机器人的形象设计和消费者感知具有重要意义。已有研究主要关注机器人的性别对消费者接受度、信任度、满意度和购买意愿等结果变量的影响,但缺少对消费者宽恕意愿这一心理变量的研究。由于服务机器人的交互技术还处于不断优化的阶段,服务机器人无法完全避免服务失误,存在服务失败的风险,故有必要研究机器人领域的消费者宽恕意愿。研究基于刻板印象的热情和能力维度,考虑服务机器人的拟人化程度,研究服务机器人的性别对消费者宽恕意愿的影响,提出了一个有调节的双中介模型。采用基于情境的实验法,设计了一个2(服务机器人的性别:男vs女)×2(拟人化程度:高vs低)的实验,通过Credamo见数的官方数据集市平台,收集了304份有效样本数据。研究发现:服务机器人的性别差异对消费者宽恕意愿具有显著影响;热情在服务机器人的性别差异和消费者宽恕意愿的关系中起积极中介作用,能力在服务机器人的性别差异和消费者宽恕意愿的关系中起消极中介作用;服务机器人的拟人化程度调节热情和能力的双中介作用。研究补充了机器人性别对消费者宽恕意愿的影响研究,可从实践上指导服务机器人设计。