遮荫是影响植物种子萌发和幼苗定居的重要环境因素。为了探明遮荫对高寒草地狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种苗定居的影响,本研究在其原生境下开展人工控制试验,探究了狼毒种子在不同遮荫高度(10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm)和不同遮荫方位(东向、...遮荫是影响植物种子萌发和幼苗定居的重要环境因素。为了探明遮荫对高寒草地狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种苗定居的影响,本研究在其原生境下开展人工控制试验,探究了狼毒种子在不同遮荫高度(10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm)和不同遮荫方位(东向、西向、南向、北向)下的出苗和幼苗定居表现。结果表明:不同遮荫处理均显著降低了高寒草地土壤表层温度(P<0.05),增加了土壤含水量(P<0.05);不同高度遮荫处理均能不同程度地降低狼毒种子出苗率和成苗率。与对照相比,东向、南向和北向遮荫处理对狼毒种子出苗率均无显著影响,而西向遮荫处理能显著降低狼毒出苗率(P<0.05);狼毒的成苗率在各方位遮荫处理下无显著性差异,均为100%。本研究表明,遮荫是影响狼毒种苗定居的重要环境因子。因此,维持高寒草地植物群落在一定的高度水平,可有效遏制狼毒种苗定居和种群扩散。展开更多
The source region of the Yellow River is located in the middle east of the Tibetan Plateau in northwest China. The total area is about 51,700 km^2, mainly covered by grassland （79%）, unused land （16%） and water ...The source region of the Yellow River is located in the middle east of the Tibetan Plateau in northwest China. The total area is about 51,700 km^2, mainly covered by grassland （79%）, unused land （16%） and water （4%）. The increasing land utilization in this area has increased the risk of environmental degradation. The land use/cover data （1985 and 2000） provided by the Data Center of Resources and Environment in the Chinese Academy of Sciences were used to analyze the land cover change in the source region of the Yellow River. DEM （1：250,000） data, roads and settlement data were used to analyze the spatial characteristics of grasslands degradation. The ArcGIS 9 software was used to convert data types and do the overlay, reclassification and zonal statistic analysis. Results show that grassland degradation is the most important land cover change in the study area, which occupied 8.24% of the region＇s total area. Human activities are the main causes of the grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River： 1） the degradation rate is higher on the sunny slope than on the shady slope; 2） the grassland degradation rate decreases with an increase in the elevation, and it has a correlation coefficient of -0.93; 3） the nearer to the settlements the grassland is, the higher the degradation rate. Especially within a distance range of 12 km to the settlements, the grassland degradation rate is highly related with the distance, with a coefficient of -0.99; and 4） in the range of 4 km, the degradation rate decreases with the increase of distance to the roads, with a correlation coefficient of -0.98. Besides some physical factors, human activities have been the most important driving forces of the grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River since 1985. To resolve the degradation problems, population control is essential, and therefore, it can reduce the social demand of livestock products from the grassland. To achieve sustainable development, it needs to improve the management of grassland ecosystem.展开更多
文摘遮荫是影响植物种子萌发和幼苗定居的重要环境因素。为了探明遮荫对高寒草地狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种苗定居的影响,本研究在其原生境下开展人工控制试验,探究了狼毒种子在不同遮荫高度(10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm)和不同遮荫方位(东向、西向、南向、北向)下的出苗和幼苗定居表现。结果表明:不同遮荫处理均显著降低了高寒草地土壤表层温度(P<0.05),增加了土壤含水量(P<0.05);不同高度遮荫处理均能不同程度地降低狼毒种子出苗率和成苗率。与对照相比,东向、南向和北向遮荫处理对狼毒种子出苗率均无显著影响,而西向遮荫处理能显著降低狼毒出苗率(P<0.05);狼毒的成苗率在各方位遮荫处理下无显著性差异,均为100%。本研究表明,遮荫是影响狼毒种苗定居的重要环境因子。因此,维持高寒草地植物群落在一定的高度水平,可有效遏制狼毒种苗定居和种群扩散。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90202012 National Basic Research Program of China, No.2005CB422006+1 种基金 No.2002CB412507 Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX3-SW-339
文摘The source region of the Yellow River is located in the middle east of the Tibetan Plateau in northwest China. The total area is about 51,700 km^2, mainly covered by grassland （79%）, unused land （16%） and water （4%）. The increasing land utilization in this area has increased the risk of environmental degradation. The land use/cover data （1985 and 2000） provided by the Data Center of Resources and Environment in the Chinese Academy of Sciences were used to analyze the land cover change in the source region of the Yellow River. DEM （1：250,000） data, roads and settlement data were used to analyze the spatial characteristics of grasslands degradation. The ArcGIS 9 software was used to convert data types and do the overlay, reclassification and zonal statistic analysis. Results show that grassland degradation is the most important land cover change in the study area, which occupied 8.24% of the region＇s total area. Human activities are the main causes of the grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River： 1） the degradation rate is higher on the sunny slope than on the shady slope; 2） the grassland degradation rate decreases with an increase in the elevation, and it has a correlation coefficient of -0.93; 3） the nearer to the settlements the grassland is, the higher the degradation rate. Especially within a distance range of 12 km to the settlements, the grassland degradation rate is highly related with the distance, with a coefficient of -0.99; and 4） in the range of 4 km, the degradation rate decreases with the increase of distance to the roads, with a correlation coefficient of -0.98. Besides some physical factors, human activities have been the most important driving forces of the grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River since 1985. To resolve the degradation problems, population control is essential, and therefore, it can reduce the social demand of livestock products from the grassland. To achieve sustainable development, it needs to improve the management of grassland ecosystem.
