Grassland degradation in the ＂Three-River Headwaters＂ region, Qinghai Province

Supported by MSS images in the mid and late 1970s,TM images in the early 1990s and TM/ETM images in 2004,grassland degradation in the＂Three-River Headwaters＂region （TRH region）was interpreted through analysis on RS images in two time series,then the spatial and temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in the TRH region were analyzed since the 1970s.The results showed that grassland degradation in the TRH region was a continuous change process which had large affected area and long time scale,and rapidly strengthen phenomenon did not exist in the 1990s as a whole.Grassland degradation pattern in the TRH region took shape initially in the mid and late 1970s.Since the 1970s,this degradation process has taken place continuously,obviously characterizing different rules in different regions.In humid and semi-humid meadow region,grassland firstly fragmentized, then vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally＂black-soil-patch＂degraded grassland was formed.But in semi-arid and arid steppe region,the vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally desertification was formed.Because grassland degradation had obviously regional differences in the TRH region,it could be regionalized into 7 zones, and each zone had different characteristics in type,grade,scale and time process of grassland degradation.

Characteristics of grassland degradation and driving forces in the source region of the Yellow River from 1985 to 2000

The source region of the Yellow River is located in the middle east of the Tibetan Plateau in northwest China. The total area is about 51,700 km^2, mainly covered by grassland （79%）, unused land （16%） and water （4%）. The increasing land utilization in this area has increased the risk of environmental degradation. The land use/cover data （1985 and 2000） provided by the Data Center of Resources and Environment in the Chinese Academy of Sciences were used to analyze the land cover change in the source region of the Yellow River. DEM （1：250,000） data, roads and settlement data were used to analyze the spatial characteristics of grasslands degradation. The ArcGIS 9 software was used to convert data types and do the overlay, reclassification and zonal statistic analysis. Results show that grassland degradation is the most important land cover change in the study area, which occupied 8.24% of the region＇s total area. Human activities are the main causes of the grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River： 1） the degradation rate is higher on the sunny slope than on the shady slope; 2） the grassland degradation rate decreases with an increase in the elevation, and it has a correlation coefficient of -0.93; 3） the nearer to the settlements the grassland is, the higher the degradation rate. Especially within a distance range of 12 km to the settlements, the grassland degradation rate is highly related with the distance, with a coefficient of -0.99; and 4） in the range of 4 km, the degradation rate decreases with the increase of distance to the roads, with a correlation coefficient of -0.98. Besides some physical factors, human activities have been the most important driving forces of the grassland degradation in the source region of the Yellow River since 1985. To resolve the degradation problems, population control is essential, and therefore, it can reduce the social demand of livestock products from the grassland. To achieve sustainable development, it needs to improve the management of grassland ecosystem.

A Quantitative Analysis on Grassland Animal Husbandry of Sichuan Tibetan Region after the Liberation

[ Objective ] To study economic growth of grassland animal husbandry in Sichuan Tibetan region after the liberation and predict long-term trend and regular features of growth and development of grassland animal husbandry. [ Method] Using econometric models and methods, the gov- ernment statistical data after the liberation on grassland animal husbandry of Sichuan Tibetan region were analyzed, and the factors increasing econ- omy of grassland animal husbandry were determined by analyzing time series data of different periods. [ Result] The grassland animal husbandry of Sichuan Tibetan region had significant characteristics of traditional pastoral economy. Before the reform and opening-up, the increase of animal hus- bandry economy was mainly manifested by increase in amount of livestock and laborers, and the increase in amount of livestock was principal pro- moting factor. After the reform and opening-up, the increase in integrated production factors became the primary cause to push the increase of ani- mal husbandry economy. [ Conclusion] Some new measures must be taken to promote the increase of animal husbandry economy of Sichuan Tibetan region, including transforming traditional production mode of animal husbandry, relying on scientific and technological advances, further improving socio- economic system, cultivating more highly sldlled workforce and effectively guiding rational shift and orderly migration of surplus pasture laborers.

How to Build Artificial Grassland in the Cold and Semi-Arid Regions? ——A Case Study in Naqu

Construction of artificial grassland is a key factor to solve the shortage of grass and forage balance in cold and semi-arid areas of high plateau,and it is the key measure to ensure the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry in this area. At present,the artificial grassland construction is neither reasonable nor scientific,which restricts the healthy and rapid development of artificial grassland in the cold and semi-arid areas of high plateau. In this research,with Naqu Area in Tibet as a case,problems and current status in construction process of artificial grassland are analyzed in cold and semi-arid areas of high plateau. Suitable artificial forage species in Nagqu are elaborated,and recommendations for the construction and development of artificial grassland are discussed.

Response of Grassland Vegetation to Air Temperature and Precipitation in Minqin Desert Region

[ Objective] This paper aims to analyze response characteristics of desert grassland vegetation to climate change. [ Method] The responses of grassland vegetation in desert region to air temperature/precipitation changes were analyzed by phenological observations since 1974, observation data conceming vegetation samples and meteorological data during the same period. The changing trend significance was denoted by linear trend line and its regression significance. The interrelation between the two variables was indicated by correlation coefficients. Data were analyzed by the software SPSS 13.0. [Result] （1） The rising rate of annual average temperature in the Minqin desert area since 1961 was greater than both the global level and Ghina＇s level over the past century. （2） Desert plants＇ response to temperature changes were mainly displayed as the advance of spring phenology, the delay of autumn phenology and the extension of growing duration. Plants＇ main response to precipitation changes was that vegetation coverage and pure coverage were decreasing along with precipitation reducing. （3） Both the vegetation coverage and pure coverage mainly had a positive correlation with the annual precipitation. Plant density mostly had a positive correlation with the precipitation in September. （4） The impact of rising temperature on plant phenology in spring was greater than that in autumn. [ Conclusion] The effects of temperature changes on desert grassland plants were the advance of spring phenology, the delay of autumn phenology, the extension of growing season and longer plant growing period than that in other reports. The responses of desert grassland vegetation to precipitation changes were that both vegetation coverage and pure coverage were decreasing along with precipitation reducing, and plant density fluctuated along with precipitation change.

Changes in stress within grassland ecosystems in the three counties of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

Based on a database of more than 40 years of second production process and energy flow records for Maduo,Qumalai and Yushu counties,a dynamic model of the stress within grassland ecosys-tems was established using a nonlinear regression method for this source regions of the Yangtze and Yel-low Rivers.The results show that dynamic curves of stress within grassland ecosystems in the three coun-ties were in the shape of an inverted 'U' during the period 1965-2007.It also revealed that the variation in actual amount of livestock inventories reflected the general trends of the stress within the grassland eco-systems in the source regions,although there were many other factors for the increase or reduction in grassland ecosystem stress.

Effects of fencing on vegetation and soil restoration in a degraded alkaline grassland in northeast China

In order to restore a degraded alkaline grassland, the local government implemented a large restoration project using fences in Changling county, Jilin province, China, in 2000. Grazing was excluded from the protected area, whereas the grazed area was continuously grazed at 8.5 dry sheep equivalent（DSE）/hm2. In the current research, soil and plant samples were taken from grazed and fenced areas to examine changes in vegetation and soil properties in 2005, 2006 and 2008. Results showed that vegetation characteristics and soil properties improved significantly in the fenced area compared with the grazed area. In the protected area the vegetation cover, height and above- and belowground biomass increased significantly. Soil pH, electrical conductivity and bulk density decreased significantly, but soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration increased greatly in the protected area. By comparing the vegetation and soil characteristics with pre-degraded grassland, we found that vegetation can recover 6 years after fencing, and soil pH can be restored 8 years after fencing. However, the restoration of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations needed 16, 30 and 19 years, respectively. It is recommended that the stocking rate should be reduced to 1/3 of the current carrying capacity, or that a grazing regime of 1-year of grazing followed by a 2-year rest is adopted to sustain the current status of vegetation and soil resources. However, if N fertilizer is applied, the rest period could be shortened, depending on the rate of application.

Nitrous oxide emissions from different land use patterns in a typical karst region, Southwest China

Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) from different land use patterns (matured forest, secondary forest, grassland and cropland) in a subtropical karst region of Guizhou Province, Southwest China, were measured for one year with a closed static chamber technique and by gas chromatography. The results showed that soil under different land uses was a source of atmospheric N2O. The cropland was a source with relatively high N2O as compared to forest and grassland, but no significant differences were observed. N2O emissions from soils varied with land use change and fertilizer application. There were two peaks of N2O flux occurred following the combination of two obvious precipitation and fertilizer events in the cultivated land. Converting from the matured forest to secondary forest tended to increase annual emissions of N2O (from 1.40 to 1.65 kg N ha -1 a -1 ), while changing land use from secondary forest to scattered grassland tended to decrease annual emissions of N2O slightly (from 1.65 to 1.45 kg N ha -1 a -1 ). Our range of cumulative annual N2O emission across different land uses (1.40-1.91 kg N ha -1 a -1 ) in a karst region is in general agreement with previously published data in a non-karst region. However, in the maize field, N2O emission factor (EF) was 0.34% for fertilizer application, which is about 71.2% lower than the IPCC default value. It is suggested that current IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) EF methodology could overestimate N2O emission from the karstic cropland. Anyway, the N2O emission from cropland in the karst region would contribute significantly to the global N2O budget, so reducing fertilization frequency during the crop growing season could lead to a decrease in N2O emission in the whole year.

Soil Properties and Characteristics of Soil Aggregate in Marginal Farmlands of Oasis in the Middle of Hexi Corridor Region, Northwest China

The composition and stability of soil aggregate are closely related to soil quality, soil erosion, and agricultural sustainability. In this study, 49 soil samples at the 0-10 cm surface layer were collected from four soil types （i.e., Ari-Sandic Primosols, Calci-Orthic Aridosols, Siltigi-Otrthic Anthrosols, and Ustic Cambosols） in the marginal farmland in the oasis of the middle Hexi Corridor region and was used to determine the characteristics of soil aggregates. The composition of dry- and wet- sieved aggregates and the physical and chemical properties （including soil particle distribution, soil organic carbon （SOC）, calcium carbonate （CaCO3）, and oxides of Fe^3＋ and Al^3＋） of the selected soils were analyzed. The results show that soil particle size distribution is dominated by fine sand fraction in most of soils except Ustic Cambosols. Soil organic carbon concentration is 5.88 ± 2.52 g kg^-1 on average, ranging from 4.75 g kg^-1 in Ari-Sandic Primosols to 10.51 g kg^-1 in Ustic Cambosols. The soils have high calcium carbonate （CaCO3） concentration, ranging from 84.7 to 164.8 g kg^-1, which is increased with soil fine particle and organic carbon content. The percentage of 〉0.25 mm dry aggregates ranges from 65.2% in Ari-Sandic Primosols to 94.6% in Ustic Cambosols, and large dry blocky aggregates （〉5 mm） is dominant in all soils. The mean weight diameter of dry aggregates （DMWD） ranges from 3.2 mm to 5.5 mm. The percentage of 〉0.25 mm water-stable aggregate is from 23.8% to 45.4%. The percentage of aggregate destruction （PAD） is from 52.4% to 66.8%, which shows a weak aggregate stability. Ari-Sandic Primosols has the highest PAD. The distribution and characteristics of soil aggregates are in favor of controlling soil wind erosion. However, the stability of aggregate of all soils is weak and soils are prone to disperse and harden after irrigation. The mass of macro-aggregates and DMWD are positively significantly correlated with the contents of soil clay and silt, soil organic carbon （SOC）, CaCO3, and oxides of Fe^3＋ and Al^3＋. Soil fine silt and clay, SOC and CaCO3 are important agents of aggregation in this region, and the effect of SOC and CaCO3 on aggregate stability is more significant than that of soil silt and clay. Converting cropland to alfalfa forage land can increase SOC concentration, and in turn, enhance the formation of aggregates and stability. For the marginal farmlands in this fragile ecological area, converting cropland to alfalfa grassland or performing crop-grass rotation is an effective and basic strategy to improve soil structure and quality, to mitigate soil wind erosion, and to enhance oasis agricultural sustainability.

我国草原分区-分类-分级生态修复模式研究

草原是我国重要的自然资源和生态屏障,草原生态修复是我国生态文明建设的重要内容,也是提升草原生态系统服务功能和固碳潜力的重要途径。已有大量研究针对退化草原提出了多种有效的生态恢复措施,但缺乏系统性和针对性的总结。本文在系统梳理和总结国内外草原生态修复研究的基础上,基于文献计量学的研究方法,总结了我国草原生态修复经历的三个阶段。同时,针对不同区域、不同退化/受损/破坏类型和和不同退化程度的草原,探索和提出了我国草原分区-分类-分级生态修复模式,并对我国草原生态修复的未来发展提出了相关建议,以期为我国草原生态修复和可持续管理提供科学依据和参考。

不同草原防火政策下内蒙古草原火灾发生风险及其驱动因素的研究

草原火灾是草原生态系统中重要的干扰因子之一,不同时期的草原防火政策可能会导致草原火灾发生概率及驱动因素发生变化。本研究基于内蒙古1981~2020年草原火灾数据,以新旧《草原防火条例》实施时间(旧《草原防火条例》1993年10月5日颁布并实施,新《草原防火条例》2008年11月19日颁布并于2009年1月1日起实施)为界线,通过随机森林模型分4个时期(1981~2020年、1981~1993年、1994~2008年、2009~2020年)对内蒙古草原火灾发生概率与驱动因素进行比较与分析,并绘制草原火灾风险等级区划图。结果表明:(1)4个时期建模的全样本AUC在0.930~0.940之间,精度优异。(2)在不同时期,气象因素(日平均相对湿度、气温日较差等)始终是影响草原火灾的主导因素,海拔、距火点最近公路距离等因素也是内蒙古草原火灾发生的重要驱动因素;(3)1981~1993年和1981~2020年草原火灾风险区基本相似,中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市大部分地区和兴安盟北部,1994~2008年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市,而2009~2020年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市西部、锡林郭勒盟北部、阿拉善盟东南部、乌海市和鄂尔多斯市东部。

Studies on eco-environmental change in source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers of China:present and future

The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are important in the field of eco-environmental change research in China because of its distinct alpine ecosystem and cryosphere environment. At present, there are three different concepts on the extent of source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers: hydrological, geographical, and eco-environmental. Over the past decades, annual average air temperature has warmed significantly;moreover, the temperature rise rate increases notably with increase of time of the data series. Annual precipitation has no obvious increase or decrease trend, and the climate has become warm and dry in the source regions. As a result, the cryosphere in the regions has shrunk significantly since 1960 s. A warm and dry climate and changing cryosphere together induced a substantial declination of alpine wetlands, marked decrease in river runoff, significant degradation of alpine grassland, and a reduction of engineering stability.The ecological environment, however, has a tendency for restoration in the regions because the climate has become gradually warm and wet since 2000. Thus, studies on eco-environmental change is transforming from a single element to multidisciplinary integration. Climate change-cryopshere change-physical and socioeconomic impacts/risk-adaptation constitute a chain of multidisciplinary integration research.

黄河源区高寒退化草地空间分布特征

为了解黄河源地区“黑土滩”退化草地的空间分布规律和分布的关键地形特征,利用2019年黄河源区玛沁县、河南县、泽库县遥感影像解译数据,结合实地调查,分析高寒“黑土滩”型退化草地空间分布特征。结果表明:黄河源区“黑土滩”型退化草地海拔为3500~4000m,且在海拔3700~3800m时退化最严重;从坡向分析来看,“黑土滩”型退化草地主要发生于阳坡、半阳坡,从坡度分析来看,“黑土滩”型退化草地主要发生于缓坡地和滩地。聚类分析发现研究区草地类型为阳坡极度退化草地、半阳坡重度退化草地、阳坡-滩地轻度退化草地、半阳坡轻度退化草地、湿地轻度退化草地、阴坡未退化草地等6类。随着退化程度的加剧,植被盖度、地上生物量减少;同一土层的全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量在湿地轻度退化草地和阴坡轻度退化草地中最高,阳坡极度退化草地最低,且差异显著(P<0.05);丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数以及土壤速效钾含量在重度、轻度退化草地较高,湿地轻度退化草地显著最低。阳坡极度退化草地全钾含量、鼠害破坏率和鼠洞数最高,湿地轻度退化草地全钾含量最低,与阳坡极度退化草地差异显著(P<0.05);湿地轻度退化草地和阴坡轻度退化草地均无鼠类活动。

2010–2020年塔里木盆地南部荒漠草地凋落物回收量月动态数据集

中国科学院新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(以下简称“策勒站”)地处塔里木盆地南缘,南依昆仑山,北临我国最大的塔克拉玛干沙漠。具有植被群落简单,土壤有机质积累缓慢等特点。凋落物是该区域重要的养分来源。基于对策勒站荒漠植物群落的长期定位观测,通过对不同植物凋落物器官(枝、叶、果)分组,本文整理统计得到2010–2020年塔里木盆地南部荒漠草地凋落物的回收量月动态数据,同时记载了观测场群落以及土壤养分的年度变化情况。数据的产生严格遵照CERN生物观测规范执行,数据的审核及质量控制由台站与分中心质控人员共同完成。本数据集以期为深入研究塔里木盆地南部荒漠草地凋落物动态变化提供基础数据,为了解和评估极端干旱荒漠生态系统养分循环过程提供理论支撑。

三江源区草地水土保持与防风固沙功能临界植被覆盖度时空变化分析

三江源区是中国重要的生态安全屏障,其水土保持与防风固沙功能对中国及其周边地区生态安全具有重大意义。水土保持与防风固沙功能临界植被覆盖度是三江源草地生态保护与恢复的关键指标,但其变化尚不明确。本研究利用修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)和修正通用土壤风蚀方程(RWEQ)模拟了1979—2018年三江源区草地水土保持与防风固沙功能临界植被覆盖度并分析了其时空变化。结果表明:(1)近40年来,三江源区草地水土保持功能临界植被覆盖度东南高、西北低,多年平均值为12.21%±1.42%,年增长率为0.30%(P<0.01)。(2)防风固沙功能临界植被覆盖度西北高、东南低,多年平均值为39.84%±11.94%,有不显著增长趋势。(3)水土保持及防风固沙功能临界植被覆盖度西北高、东南低,多年平均值为45.38%±10.04%,年增长率为0.32%(P<0.05),变化范围为11.73%~58.56%。三江源区西北部水土保持及防风固沙功能临界植被覆盖度大于50%,西南大部分区域不超过40%。(4)水土保持及防风固沙功能临界植被覆盖度在长江源区和黄河源区东北部呈下降趋势,其中黄河源东北部下降趋势显著(P<0.01),在黄河源区南部和澜沧江源区呈显著上升趋势(P<0.01)。本研究结果可为三江源生态环境保护以及高寒草地多目标管理提供科学依据与数据支撑。

三江源区高寒草原退化对不同生长期土壤真菌群落的影响

土壤真菌群落在草地生态系统物质循环过程中扮演着重要角色,但草地退化对不同生长期土壤真菌群落的影响尚不清楚。本研究以三江源高寒草原为研究对象,通过野外调查和高通量测序技术,探究草原退化对植物不同生长期土壤真菌群落特征的影响及其驱动因素。结果表明,三江源区高寒草原不同生长期土壤真菌群落优势菌门均为子囊菌门和担子菌门,草原退化显著降低了优势菌门的相对丰度;在不同生长期土壤真菌群落多样性存在显著差异(P<0.05),表现为生长季初期较低,末期则较高;草原退化对土壤真菌群落多样性影响不显著(P>0.05),但显著改变了不同生长期内土壤真菌群落结构(P<0.05);相比于原生草原,退化草原土壤真菌群落结构与植物群落特征表现出更强的相关关系,植物群落生物量和土壤有机质含量是显著影响退化草原土壤真菌群落结构的主要因子(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,草原退化改变了土壤真菌群落结构,增强了土壤真菌群落的资源限制。因此,针对植被群落的修复将有利于退化高寒草原土壤真菌群落的恢复。

我国草原地区野生药材资源的法律保护

我国传统中医药在中华民族的发展史上是一颗璀璨的明珠,野生药材是中医发展的基础。基于生境(草原)+生物(野生药材资源)+文化(民族医药知识)整体系统观,分析我国草原地区野生药材资源的立法现状,发现我国草原地区野生药材资源立法冲突,草原生态补偿制度未将禁止采狩野生药材纳入到补偿范围内,草原地区野生药材资源法律保护未与民族区域自治和国家公园建设相衔接,草原地区野生药材遗传资源保护不足。因此,应当加强草原地区野生药材资源立法,将禁止采狩野生药材纳入到草原生态补偿范围,通过统一法律概念来促进野生药材资源立法的衔接,推动野生药材遗传资源的法律保护,促进我国生态文明建设。

藏北高寒草甸及高寒草原凋落物水浸提液对种子发芽的影响

高寒草原和高寒草甸是藏北草地重要的草地类型,围栏封育是高寒草地重要恢复方式,近年来被广泛应用于藏北草地恢复中,而长期围封会导致凋落物堆积,影响植被更新。为探究该两类草地凋落物对种子发芽的具体影响,本研究使用不同浓度的凋落物水浸提液模拟雨水淋溶,探究了其对藏北优势种及伴生种种子发芽特征的影响。结果表明:高寒草甸凋落物水浸提液对种子发芽的影响更明显,其中高寒草原凋落物水浸提液对种子发芽率、发芽势、平均发芽时间与发芽指数的抑制最高分别为蒸馏水对照组的75%、75%、79%、64%,而高寒草甸凋落物处理中各指标则达到对照组的52%、53%、66%、64%;与其他物种相比,凋落物水浸提液对于矮火绒草(Leontopodium nanum)发芽指数的抑制作用更为明显,对钉柱委陵菜(Potentilla saundersiana)发芽率有促进效果。此外,紫花针茅对于凋落物化感作用的影响更具有耐受性;而凋落物化感作用对钉柱委陵菜的发芽具有促进效果。因此,在未完全退化草地恢复中可以选择紫花针茅与钉柱委陵菜作为补播种;在使用围栏封育作为退化草地修复方式时进行凋落物清理可有效提高种子发芽,从而提高群落密度,有利于退化草地的恢复。

人工草地建植对三江源区土壤有机碳组分及酶活性的影响

为揭示中国青藏高原三江源区建植人工草地对土壤活性有机碳组分含量和酶活性的影响,本研究以三江源区黑土滩为对照,选择利用黑土滩建植10年的燕麦(Avena sativa)、12年的垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和13年的青海草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis‘Qinghai’)三种草地为对象,系统分析各人工草地对土壤表层(0~20 cm)有机碳组分含量、酶活性的影响以及它们之间的相关关系。结果表明,相比于对照,建植人工草地均能增加土壤有机碳和颗粒有机碳的含量;3类草地中,燕麦草地中的土壤碳库管理指数最高,且蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性显著高于对照;碱性磷酸酶活性在垂穗披碱草草地中最高;冗余分析结果显示,碱性磷酸酶和过氧化物酶是影响土壤有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的重要驱动因素。综上,为降低三江源区退化草地对土壤有机碳储量的负面影响,种植燕麦(10年)或可成为提高土壤固碳能力的有效措施之一。

保水增肥措施对黄土丘陵区草地植物群落特征及物种多样性的影响

黄土丘陵区年均降水少,蒸发量大,季节性集中降水易造成水土流失,水分和养分亏缺成为限制该区域草地健康持续发展的重要因素。保水剂(super absorbent polymer, SAP)是一类具有快速吸水,缓慢释水特性的高分子聚合物,起到保水保肥改善土壤理化性质的重要作用。施肥是改良退化草地、提高牧草生产力的重要技术措施之一。为研究保水增肥措施对黄土丘陵区草地植物群落特征及多样性的影响,在甘肃省定西市安定区丘陵草地设置不同保水剂(SAP)和氮磷肥(N:尿素,P:过磷酸钙)添加水平(SAP:45、60 kg/hm^(2)和NP:150 kg/hm^(2)N+300 kg/hm^(2)P、250 kg/hm^(2)N+400 kg/hm^(2)P),揭示不同施量保水剂和氮磷肥单施及交互配施对黄土丘陵区草地土壤含水量、群落特征、物种多样性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)单施45 kg/hm^(2)SAP(T1)显著提高土壤含水量、豆科植物的重要值和地上生物量,有助于提高草地生物量和植物多样性;(2)SAP与NP配施(T7:45 kg/hm^(2)SAP+250 kg/hm^(2)N+400kg/hm^(2)P)或单施NP肥(T3:150 kg/hm^(2)N+300 kg/hm^(2)P)能显著提高植物冠层高度、植被盖度、菊科植物重要值和生物量、群落地上和地下生物量;(3)施用氮磷肥或氮磷肥与保水剂的配施处理除T8(250 kg/hm^(2)N+400kg/hm^(2)P+45 kg/hm^(2)SAP)外其余处理Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数及Pielou指数有所降低。综上所述,单施适量保水剂在维持草地多样性的同时有利于生产力缓慢增长,保水剂与氮磷肥配施大幅度提高菊科和禾本科植物生物量,进而提高群落生物量,但会导致植物多样性降低。