Multicenter case-control study of the risk factors for ulcerative colitis in China

AIM:To evaluate potential risk factors in the development of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China.METHODS:A total of 1308 patients with UC and 1308 age-matched and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied in China.The UC cases were collected from 17 hospitals in China from April 2007 to April 2010.Uniform questionnaires were designed to investigate risk factors including smoking,appendectomy,stress,socio-economic conditions,nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),oral contraceptives,diet,breastfeeding,infections and family sanitary conditions.Group comparisons by each factor were done using simple logistic regression analysis.Conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.RESULTS:By univariate analysis,the variables predictive of UC included feeling stress,light and heavy alcoholic drinking,spicy food,sugar consumption and infectious diarrhea,while heavy tea intake and tap water consumption were protective against UC.On multivariate analysis,the protective factor for UC was tap water consumption [odds ratios(OR) = 0.424,95%CI:0.302-0.594,P < 0.001];while the potential risk factors for UC were heavy sugar consumption(OR = 1.632,95%CI:1.156-2.305,P < 0.001),spicy food(light intake:OR = 3.329,95%CI:2.282-4.857,P < 0.001;heavy intake:OR = 3.979,95%CI:2.700-5.863,P < 0.001),and often feeling stress(OR = 1.981,95%CI:1.447-2.711,P < 0.001).Other factors,such as smoking habit,appendectomy,breastfeeding,a history of measles,rural or urban residence,education,oral contraceptives,and NSAID use have not been found to have a significant association with the development of UC in the present study.CONCLUSION:Our study showed tap water consumption was a protective factor for UC,while spicy food,heavy sugar consumption and often feeling stress were risk factors for UC in this Chinese population.

Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with hepatolithiasis:a case-control study

BACKGROUND:Why 3.3% to 10% of all patients with hepatolithiasis develop intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unknown.We carried out a hospital-based case-control study to identify risk factors for the development of ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis in China.METHODS:Eighty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed hepatolithiasis associated with ICC and 228 with hepatolithiasis alone matched by sex,age (±2 years),hospital admittance and place of residence were interviewed during the period of 2000-2008.Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each risk factor.RESULTS:Among the patients with hepatolithiasis associated with ICC,the mean age was 57.7 years and 61.0% were female Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for ICC development in hepatolithiasis were smoking,family history of cancer,appendectomy during childhood (under age 20),and duration of symptoms >10 years.In multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis,smoking (OR=1.931,95% CI:1.000-3.731),family history of cancer (OR=5.175,95% CI:1.216-22.022),and duration of symptoms >10 years (OR=2.348 95% CI:1.394-3.952) were independent factors.CONCLUSION:Smoking,family history of cancer and duration of symptoms >10 years may be risk factors for ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis.

Risk Factors of Low Back Pain among the Chinese Occupational Population:A Case-control Study

Objective To explore the risk factors of low back pain among the Chinese occupational population in several major industries. Methods A total of 7200 subjects （3600 cases and 3600 controls） were randomly sampled from a cross-sectional study, and they were investigated for individual and occupational factors of low back pain. The potential risk factors were first selected by using chi-square tests. Secondly, collinearity diagnosis proceeded by using the Kendall＇s rank correlation. Finally, binary logistic regression model was used for multi-factor analysis. Results Collinearity diagnosis showed that there was a severe collinearity problem among the potential risk factors of low back pain. Logistic regression model included 20 variables with statistical significance. Bending neck forward or holding neck in a forward posturefor long periods （0R=1.408） was the most important risk factor inducing low back pain in this study, followed by bending heavily with the trunk （0R=1.402）, carrying out identical work almost for the whole day （0R=1.340）. Additionally, suHicient normal break was a protective factor of low back pain. Conclusion Low back pain among the Chinese occupational population was associated with body height, occupation, work organization, physical work, working posture, and others. All these risk factors could be regarded as the indicators of low back pain, and some relevant preventive measures should be taken to reduce low back pain risk.

Risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C patients:A deceased case-living control study

AIM:To investigate the risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C(CHC)patients.METHODS:All deceased CHC inpatient data were collected from the Beijing 302 Hospital clinical database,which includes more than 8250 CHC inpatients during the period from 2002 to 2012.The controls were matched to cases by age(±2 years),sex and date of hospital admission(within the same year).Potential risk factors were included for the evaluation,and odds ratios(OR)and 95%CI were estimated using univariate(unadjusted)and multivariate(adjusted OR,AOR)conditional logistic regression.All statistical tests were two-sided.P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS:Based on examinations of 144 CHC-related deceased cases and 576 controls,we found that antiviral therapy with interferon-αwas associated with a 47%decrease in the risk of hepatic mortality(AOR=0.53,95%CI:0.28-0.99,P=0.048).Additionally,the initial diagnostic stage of the disease(AOR=2.89,95%CI:1.83-4.56 and P<0.001 for liver cirrhosis/AOR=8.82,95%CI:3.99-19.53 and P<0.001for HCC compared with CHC),diabetes(AOR=2.35,95%CI:1.40-3.95,P=0.001),hypertension(AOR=1.76,95%CI:1.09-2.82,P=0.020),alcohol consumption(AOR=1.73,95%CI:1.03-2.81,P=0.037)and HBsAg positivity(AOR=22.28,95%CI:5.58-89.07,P<0.001)were associated with a significant increase in the risk of liver-related mortality in CHC patients.CONCLUSION:This study indicates that interferon-αtreatment,the stage at the initial diagnosis of the disease and comorbidities are all independent risk factors for liver-related mortality in CHC patients.

Risk factors for the occurrence of insulinoma: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: The etiology of insulinoma is poorly understood. Few studies investigated the possible roles of environmental factors and lifestyle in the pathogenesis of insulinoma. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with occurrence of insulinoma in the Chinese population. METHODS: This study consisted of 196 patients with insulinoma and 233 controls. Demographic information of the patients and controls and risk factors of the disease were analyzed. Univariate and unconditional multivariable logistic regression analyses were made to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and possible risk factors. RESULTS: Approximately 68.88% (135/196) of the patients were from rural areas in contrast to 10.30% (24/233) of the controls (P【0.0001). This difference was confirmed by the multivariate analysis (OR=4.950; 95% CI: 2.928-8.370). Family history of pancreatic endocrine tumor (OR=16.754; 95% CI: 2.125-132.057) and other cancers (OR=2.360; 95% CI: 1.052-5.291) was also related to a high-risk population of insulinoma. CONCLUSION: Rural residents or people who have a family history of pancreatic endocrine tumor and other cancers are a high-risk population of insulinoma.

Risk Factors for Birth Defects: A Conditional LogisticRegression Analysis of a Case-Control Study in Guang-dong Province of China

Information was obtained from the same questionnaire (23 risk factors listed) of cases and controls. We used a multivariate logistic model, which described variables significantly increased risk of birth defects. The risk factors included maternal educational levels, medicine taken during pregnancy and antenatal care. It was suggested to strengthen antenatal care was the main preventive measure against birth defects.

Among the risk factors of myocardial infarction, anthropometry has no association: A case control study in the central region of Sri Lanka

Background: In the face of rising incidence of cardiovascular disease in the globe, the associated risk factors could be country or area specific. This study aimed to identify the important risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) prevailing in the Kandydistrict of Sri Lanka. Methods: In a case control design, the cases were recruited from the Coronary Care Unit, General Hospital Kandy, with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Matched controls were selected from the Out Patient Department with other ailments, unrelated to cardiovascular diseases. Results: There were 205 cases and 197 controls with the mean age of 56 years (SD ± 8.4 years) and 54 years (SD ± 9.8 years) respectively with male: female ratio of 1:0.2. In analysis, hypertension (OR = 5.09, CI = 2.64 - 9.83), type 11 diabetes (OR = 3.45, CI = 1.90 - 6.10), smoking (OR = 1.95, CI= 1.44 - 2.65) and high LDL cholesterol levels (OR = 1.06, CI = 1.04 - 1.06) were identified as the independent risk factors of myocardial infarction. However, the anthropometric measurements, waist hip ratio (OR = 0.64, CI = 0.33 - 1.34) and body mass index ≥ 25 (OR = 0.75, CI = 0.46 - 1.22) did not show an association with myocardial infarctions. Conclusions: Anthropometric measurements did not qualify as risk factors of myocardial infarction in the local setting even though hypertension, diabetes, smoking and high LDL levels showed a significant association in par with the established data.

A case－control study on risk factors of stress fractures in military recruits during basic training

Stress fracture(SF) is an important training injury with a high incidence during recruits' basic training. In order to primarily investigate its risk factors and to provide etiologic threads for a further study,we carried out a case control study on SF. The results of univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that attending training on the occasion of injury or fatigue , and a lower length ratio of tibia and pelvic limb were the main risk factors of SF. The authors are of the opinion that compared with the absolute length of tibia , the relative length of tibia(tibia length/pelvic limb length) may be more relevant to the tibia biomechanical characteristics. , The harm of attending training under the circumstances of injury or fatigue is discussed in this paper.

A Case-control Study on High-risk Factors for Newborn Hearing Loss in Seven Cities of Shandong Province

To investigate the high-risk factors for newborn hearing loss and to provide information for preventing the development of hearing loss and delaying its progression, from May 2003 to June 2006, neonates who failed to pass the universal newborn hearing screening （UNHS） were referred to Jinan Newborn Hearing Screening and Rehabilitation Center from 7 newborn hearing screening centers in seven cities of Shandong province. One-to-one pair-matched case-control method was employed for statistical analysis of the basic features of definitely identified cases. High-risk factors relating to the bilateral hearing loss were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that 721 transferred newborns who didn＇t pass the heating screening received audiological and medical evaluation and 367 were confirmed to have hearing loss. Of them, 177 neonates with hearing loss who met the matching requirements were included in the study as subjects. Univariate analysis showed that high-risk factors related to hearing loss incuded age of father, education backgrounds of parents, parity, birth weight, gestational weeks, craniofacial deformity, history of receiving treatment in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）, neonatal disease, family history of otopathy and family history of congenital hearing loss. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that 4 independent risk factors were related to bilateral hearing loss, including parity （OR=16.285, 95% CI 3.379--78,481）, neonatal disease （OR=34;968, 95% CI 2.720 449.534）, family history of congenital hearing loss （OR=69.488, 95% CI 4.417--1093.300） and birth weight （OR=0.241, 95% CI 0.090--0.648）. It is concluded that parity, neonatal disease and family history of heating loss are the promoting factors of bilateral hearing loss in neonates and appropriate intervention measures should be taken to deal with the risk factors.

Association between Prenatal Environmental Factors and Child Autism: A Case Control Study in Tianjin,China

Objective To investigate the association between autism and prenatal environmental risk factors.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 193 children with autism from the specialeducational schools and 733 typical development controls matched by age and gender by usingquestionnaire in Tianjin from 2007 to 2012. Statistical analysis included quick unbiased efficientstatistical tree （QUEST） and logistic regression in SPSS 20.0.Results There were four predictors by QUEST and the logistic regression analysis, maternal airconditioner use during pregnancy （OR=0.316, 95% CI： 0.215-0.463） was the single first-level node（χ2=50.994, P=0.000）; newborn complications （OR=4.277, 95% CI： 2.314-7.908） and paternalconsumption of freshwater fish （OR=0.383, 95% CI： 0.256-0.573） were second-layer predictors（χ2=45.248, P=0.000; χ2=24.212, P=0.000）; and maternal depression （OR=4.822, 95% CI： 3.047-7.631）was the single third-level predictor （χ2=23.835, P=0.000）. The prediction accuracy of the tree was 89.2%.Conclusion The air conditioner use during pregnancy and paternal freshwater fish diet might bebeneficial for the prevention of autism, while newborn complications and maternal depression might bethe risk factors.

Glutathione S-transferases M1,T1 genotypes and the risk of gastric cancer:A case-control study

AIM Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs are involved in the detoxification of many potential carcinogens and appear to play a critical role in the protection from the effects of carcinogens. The contribution of glutathione Stransferases M1 and T1 genotypes to susceptibility to the risk of gastric cancer and their interaction with cigarette smoking are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any relationship between genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and gastric cancer.METHODS A population based case - control study was carried out in a high-risk area, Changle County, Fujian Province, China. The epidemiological data were collected by a standard questionnaire and blood samples were obtained from 95 incidence gastric cancer cases and 94 healthy controls. A polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence or absence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in genomic DNA. Logistic regression model was employed in the data analysis.RESULTS An increase in risk for gastric cancer was found among carriers of GSTM1 null genotype. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.63 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.17-5.88], after controlling for age,gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and fish sauce intake. The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype in cancer cases (43.16%) was not significantly different from that in controls (50.00%). However, the risk for gastric cancer in those with GSTM1 null and GSTT1 nonnull genotype was significantly higher than in those with both GSTM1 and GSTT1 non-null genotype (OR = 2.77,95% Cl 1.15- 6.77). Compared with those subjects who never smoked and had normal GSTM1 genotype, Ors were 1.60 (95% CI: 0.62- 4.19) for never smokers with GSTM1 null type, 2.33 (95% CI 0.88- 6.28) for smokers with normal GSTM1, and 8.06 (95% CI 2.83- 23.67) for smokers with GSTM1 null type.CONCLUSIONS GSTM1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with genetic susceptibility of stomach cancer and may modulate tobacco-related carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.

Periodontal disease is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk:A meta-analysis based on 38 case-control studies

AIM: To investigate whether periodontal disease(PD) is associated with increasing coronary heart disease(CHD) risk by performing a meta-analysis.METHODS: Two authors independently searched Pub Med and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 10 th, 2013 for relevant case-control studies that investigated the association between PD and CHD. After quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and data extraction by two independent authors, the overall and subgroup meta-analyses were performed and publication bias were examined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 software. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of the funnel plots, Egger linear regression test, and trims and fill method.RESULTS: Finally 38 relevant case-control studies were identified, involving 4950 CHD patients and 5490 controls. Eleven studies were rated low quality and 27 were high quality. Based on random-effects, a significant association was identified between PD and CHD(OR 3.79, 95%CI: 2.23-6.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 98.59%), and sensitivity analysis showed that this result was robust. Subgroup analyses according to adjusted/unadjusted ORs, source of control, methodological quality, end point, assessment of PD/CHD, and ethnicity also indicated a significant association. Publication bias was detected, and the estimated OR including the "missing" studies did not substantially differ from our estimate with adjustment for missing studies(OR 4.15, 95%CI: 2.62-6.54, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Based on the meta-analysis, PD is probably associated with CHD risk independently and significantly.

Risk factors related to female breast cancer in regions of Northeast China： a 1：3 matched case-control population-based study

Background There has been an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in China, but no definite risk and protective factors for breast cancer have been identified in Chinese females. This study was designed to identify the risk factors for female breast cancer in North and East China.

How Work Organization Affects the Prevalence of WMSDs: A Case-control Study

Objective In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） and work organization based on a case-control study. Methods A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors. Results A total of 13 variables（P〈0.1） were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance（P〈0.05）. The odds ratios（OR） of ＇work changing with season＇ and ＇sufficient rest time＇ did not reach 1（0.749 and 0.441, respectively）. In addition, ＇sufficient rest time＇ seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And ＇repetitive work every minute＇, ＇constantly repetitive work＇（every day）, ＇shortage of site personnel＇, and ＇often switching shifts with others＇ seemed to be the risk factors. Conclusion Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required.

Risk factors for Parkinson's disease and interaction analysis in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND： The etiology of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） remains unclear. The majority of studies have focused on the correlation between various factors and PD, with very different conclusions. To date, there has been no study on the interaction between PD family history and other risk factors, and very few studies have reported on hedtability. OBJECTIVE： To explore the risk factors for PD, the interaction between family history and other risk factors, and the impact of genetic factors on PD. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTNG： A paired, retrospective, case-control study was performed at the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from November 2006 to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS： The case group included 157 Chinese PD patients selected from the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China from 2006 to 2008. An additional 157 patients treated in the same department during the same period were selected as the control group, and they were paired with regard to gender, age, and nationality to the case group. METHODS： Various scored factors were investigated in all participants. The association between various factors and PD was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Interaction analysis between family history and other risk factors was performed using a logistic regression model. Heritability analysis was performed with the Falconer method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Risk factors for PD, interaction between family history and other risk factors, and heritability. RESULTS： Logistic regression analysis showed that family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression positively correlated with PD （odds ratio = 6.75, 2.37, 2.42, 2.03, 5.20, P〈 0.05）, whereas smoking had a negative correlation with PD （odds ratio = 0.49, P 〈 0.001）. The proportions of the effect attributable to interaction of family history and insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were 55.2%, 34.0%, and 41.4%, respectively, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 8.96, 3.31, and 7.85, respectively. PD heritability from first-degree relatives was （36.86 ± 5.76） % and from second-degree relatives was （20.66 ± 6.81） %. CONCLUSION： Family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were determined to be risk factors for PD, whereas smoking was a protective factor. Family history had a positive interaction with coexisting risk factors. Genetic factors had a smaller action on PD than environmental factors.

Interaction of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T,cytochrome P4502E1 polymorphism and environment factors in esophageal cancer in Kazakh population

AIM: To evaluate the association and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHER) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CY-P4502E1), environment risk factors with esophageal cancer (EC) in Kazakh, a high EC incidence area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.METHODS: A 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted with 120 cases of EC and 240 population-or hospital-based controls. The controls were matched for sex, nationality, area of residence and age within a 5-year difference. MTHER and CYP4502E1 genotypes were identified by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A conditional logistic regression model was established to identify risk factors. The strata method was adopted in interaction analysis. RESULTS: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) were found to be the risk factors for EC. Individuals with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) genotype had a 2.62-fold (95% CI: 1.61-4.28) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the C/C genotype. Individuals with the CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotype had a 3.00-fold (95% CI: 1.82-4.96) risk compared with those who carried the CYP4502E1 (C1/C2 + C2/C2) genotype.Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that MTHFR677 gene polymorphism was correlated with consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruit, while CYP4502E1 C1/C1 was correlated with alcohol drink-ing and unsafe drinking water. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 analysis of gene-gene interaction showed that individu-als with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) and CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotypes had a 7.41-fold (95% CI: 3.60-15.25) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the MTHFR677C/C and CYP4502E1 RsaI C1/C2 + C2/C2 genes, and the interaction rate was higher than that of the two factors alone. CONCLUSION: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) and polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes are important risk factors for EC. There is a synergistic interaction among polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes and environment factors. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes can be used as biomarkers for prevention of EC in Kazakh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism modifies the significance of the environmental risk factor for colon cancer

AIM: To determine the association of hOGG1(8-oxoguanine glycosylase I,OGG1) polymorphism of Ser326Cys substitution with colon cancer risk and possible interaction with known environmental risk factors.METHODS: A case-control study with 125 colon cancer cases and 247 controls was conducted.RESULTS: There was no major difference in Ser326Cys genotype distribution between cases and controls. The meat intake tended to increase the odds ratio for colon cancer with an OR of 1.72 (95 % confidence interval; CI=1.12-2.76).Such tendency was more prominent in Cys/Cys carriers (OR=4.31, 95 % CT=1.64-11.48), but meat intake was not a significant risk factor for colon cancer in Ser/Ser or Ser/Cys carriers. The OR for colon cancer was elevated with marginal significance in smokers who were Cys/Cys carriers (OR=2.75, 95 % CI=1.07-7.53) but not in Ser/Ser or Ser/Cys carriers.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is probably not a major contributor to individual colon cancer susceptibility overall, but the Cys/Cys genotype may alter the impact of some environmental factors on colon cancer development.

Onchocerca volvulus as a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the Democratic Republic of Congo:a case control study

Background:A high prevalence of epilepsy has been observed in onchocerciasis endemic areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).With this study we aimed to investigate whether Onchocerca volvulus infection is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the DRC.Methods:Between October and December 2015,a multi-centre case control study was performed in onchocerciasis endemic health zones(HZ)in the DRC:one study site was situated in Tshopo Province in the HZ of Wanierukula(village of Salambongo)where there had been 13 annual community distributions of treatment with ivermectin(CDTI),a second was situated in Ituri Province in the HZ of Logo(village of Draju)where ivermectin had never been distributed and in the HZ of Rethy(village of Rassia)where there had been THREE CDTI annual campaigns before the study.Individuals with unprovoked convulsive epilepsy of unknown etiology were enrolled as cases(n=175).Randomly selected healthy members of families without epilepsy cases from the same village and age-groups and were recruited as controls(n=170).Results:Onchocerciasis associated symptoms(e.g.,itching and abnormal skin)were more often present in cases compared to controls(respectively,OR=2.63,95%CI:1.63-4.23,P<0.0001 and OR=3.23,95%CI:1.48-7.09,P=0.0034).A higher number of cases was found to present with microfilariae in skin snips and with O.volvulus IgG4 antibodies in the blood compared to controls.Moreover,the microfilariae load in skin snips was 3-10 times higher in cases than controls.Conclusions:This case control study confirms that O.volvulus is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the DRC.

山东省六市九医院脑卒中危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨山东省六市九医院脑卒中患病的危险因素,比较半岛地区和内陆地区居民脑卒中患病危险因素的异同。方法 选取2022年12月至2023年10月在9所山东大学齐鲁医院康复医学专科联盟医院脑卒中患者作为病例组,以同时期在相关医院进行健康体检的人群作为对照组,两组研究对象样本数相同,按照年龄和性别进行匹配,并收集社会人口学信息和既往疾病史,分析脑卒中的危险因素。结果 最终纳入438例。居住在内陆(OR=2.07, 95%CI 1.26~3.40, P=0.04)、吸烟(P=0.007)、饮酒(OR=6.67,95%CI 1.16~38.37, P=0.019)、抑郁(OR=2.16, 95%CI 1.03~4.53, P=0.042)、高血压(OR=4.15, 95%CI2.34~7.39, P <0.001)是发生脑卒中的危险因素。对半岛和内陆居民进行分层分析,吸烟(OR=3.35,95%CI 1.11~10.10, P=0.013)和高血压(OR=2.79, 95%CI 1.12~6.95, P=0.004)是半岛地区居民脑卒中可能的危险因素,肥胖(腰围超标)(OR=1.08, 95%CI 1.03~1.13, P=0.001)、抑郁(OR=4.27, 95%CI 1.38~13.23,P=0.013)和高血压(OR=4.8, 95%CI 2.21~10.43, P <0.001)是内陆地区居民脑卒中可能的危险因素。结论 高血压是山东省六市九医院脑卒中患病最可能的危险因素,此外,居住在内陆、吸烟、饮酒也可能会使脑卒中的患病风险增加。半岛地区和内陆地区居民脑卒中可能的危险因素存在差异。

2017—2022年甘肃省肾综合征出血热流行现状及危险因素研究

目的分析甘肃省肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)的流行规律,探索影响居民HFRS发病的主要危险因素,为有针对性地制定HFRS防控策略和措施提供参考依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2017—2022年甘肃省报告的HFRS病例相关信息,对其三间分布进行描述性分析;对2020—2022年定西市岷县报告的HFRS病例开展病例对照研究,分析影响发病的主要危险因素。结果2017—2022年,甘肃省累计报告HFRS病例747例,年均发病率为0.50/10万,2019年发病率最高,为1.28/10万。男、女报告病例分别为469例(占62.78%)和278例(占37.22%),年均报告发病率分别为0.61/10万和0.38/10万。不同年龄组中45~59岁的报告病例数最多(296例,占39.63%),其次是30~44岁年龄组(184例,占24.63%)。农民是发病的主要人群(487例,占65.19%),其次是牧民(133例,占17.81%)。发病主要集中在10—12月(569例,占76.17%),11月是发病高峰(262例,占35.07%)。报告病例主要集中在夏河县、岷县和灵台县3个县,其累计报告病例数为571例(占76.44%)。病例对照研究结果表明:未接种过HFRS疫苗(OR=5.99)、住房中有鼠洞(OR=3.99)、采挖整理药材时未戴口罩(OR=10.45)、食用过被鼠类污染的食物(OR=5.49)、接触过鼠类或鼠类排泄物(OR=11.64)、饮用过未烧开的生水(OR=6.97)可能是HFRS的危险因素。结论2017—2022年甘肃省HFRS发病率呈现先上升后下降趋势,高发时间和地区均较为集中。针对高发地区,应适时开展预防接种和加强健康教育,改善居住环境,提高居民防护意识,引导居民形成良好饮食卫生习惯,降低感染风险。