The fluctuating planetary gravitational field influences not only activities on the Sun but also on the Earth. A special correlation function describes the harmonics of these fluctuations. Groups of earthquakes form o...The fluctuating planetary gravitational field influences not only activities on the Sun but also on the Earth. A special correlation function describes the harmonics of these fluctuations. Groups of earthquakes form oscillation patterns that differ significantly from randomly chosen control groups. These patterns are suitable as an element of an AI for the probability of earthquakes.展开更多
Firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by four error sources, including the inter-satellite range-rate of an interferometric laser (K-band) ranging system, the orbital position a...Firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by four error sources, including the inter-satellite range-rate of an interferometric laser (K-band) ranging system, the orbital position and velocity of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver and non-conservative force of an accelerometer, is established from the perspectives of the power spectrum principle in physics using the semi-analytical approach. Secondly, the accuracy of the global gravitational field is accurately and rapidly estimated based on the combined error model; the cumulative geoid height error is 1.985× 10^-1 m at degree 120 based on GRACE Level 1B measured observation errors of the year 2007 published by the US Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the cumulative geoid height error is 5.825 × 10^-2 m at degree 360 using GRACE Follow-On orbital altitude 250 km and inter-satellite range 50 km. The matching relationship of accuracy indexes from GRACE Follow-On key payloads is brought forward, and the dependability of the combined error model is validated. Finally, the feasibility of high-accuracy and high-resolution global gravitational field estimation from GRACE Follow-On is demonstrated based on different satellite orbital altitudes.展开更多
The accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field measured from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer(GOCE),up to 250 degrees,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimension...The accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field measured from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer(GOCE),up to 250 degrees,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij from the satellite gravity gradiometry(SGG) are contrastively demonstrated based on the analytical error model and numerical simulation,respectively.Firstly,the new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are established,respectively.In 250 degrees,the GOCE cumulative geoid height error measured by the radial gravity gradient V zz is about 2 1/2 times higher than that measured by the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij.Secondly,the Earth's gravitational field from GOCE completely up to 250 degrees is recovered using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij by numerical simulation,respectively.The study results show that when the measurement error of the gravity gradient is 3×10 12 /s 2,the cumulative geoid height errors using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are 12.319 cm and 9.295 cm at 250 degrees,respectively.The accuracy of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij is improved by 30%-40% on average compared with that using the radial gravity gradient V zz in 250 degrees.Finally,by mutual verification of the analytical error model and numerical simulation,the orders of magnitude from the accuracies of the Earth's gravitational field recovery make no substantial differences based on the radial and three-dimensional gravity gradients,respectively.Therefore,it is feasible to develop in advance a radial cold-atom interferometric gradiometer with a measurement accuracy of 10 13 /s 2-10 15 /s 2 for precisely producing the next-generation GOCE Follow-On Earth gravity field model with a high spatial resolution.展开更多
Firstly, a new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional diagonal tensors of satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) is introduced based on the variance-covariance matrix principl...Firstly, a new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional diagonal tensors of satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) is introduced based on the variance-covariance matrix principle. Secondly, a study for the requirements demonstration on the next-generation GOCE Follow-On satellite gravity gradiometry system is developed using different satellite orbital altitudes and measurement accuracies of satellite gravity gradiometer by the new analytical error model of SGG. The research results show that it is preferable to design satellite orbital altitudes of 300 km–400km and choose the measurement accuracies of 10-13/s2 –10-15/s2 from satellite gravity gradiometer. Finally, the complementarity of the four-stage satellite gravity missions, including past CHAMP, current GRACE, and GOCE, and next-generation GOCE Follow-On, is contrastively demonstrated for precisely recovering the Earth’s full-frequency gravitational field with high spatial resolution.展开更多
The precision of Earth's gravitational field from GRACE up to degree and order 120 was studied for different inter-satellite ranges using the improved energy conservation principle. Our simulated result shows that: ...The precision of Earth's gravitational field from GRACE up to degree and order 120 was studied for different inter-satellite ranges using the improved energy conservation principle. Our simulated result shows that: For long wavelength (L≤20) at degree 20, the cumulative geoid-height error gradually decreased with increasing range, from 0. 052 cm for 110 km to 1. 156 times and 1. 209 times as large for 220 km and 330 kin, respectively. For medium-wavelength ( 100 ≤ L ≤ 120) at degree 120, the cumulative geoid-height error de- creased from 13. 052 cm for 110 km, to 1. 327 times and 1. 970 times as large for the ranges of 220 km and 330 km, respectively; By adopting an optimal range of 220 ± 50 km, we can suppress considerably the loss of precision in the measurement of the Earth' s long-wavelength and medium-wavelength gravitational field.展开更多
Routing and path selection are crucial for many communication and logistic applications. We study the interaction between nodes and packets and establish a simple model for describing the attraction of the node to the...Routing and path selection are crucial for many communication and logistic applications. We study the interaction between nodes and packets and establish a simple model for describing the attraction of the node to the packet in transmission process by using the gravitational field theory, considering the real and potential congestion of the nodes. On the basis of this model, we propose a gravitational field routing strategy that considers the attractions of all of the nodes on the travel path to the packet. In order to illustrate the efficiency of proposed routing algorithm, we introduce the order parameter to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from a free flow phase to a congested phase,and study the distribution of betweenness centrality and traffic jam. Simulations show that, compared with the shortest path routing strategy, the gravitational field routing strategy considerably enhances the throughput of the network and balances the traffic load, and nearly all of the nodes are used efficiently.展开更多
Using d'Alembert equation as the approximation of Einstein's equation, a solution is given in this paper to the time-dependent gravitational equation of the Earth in consideration of the Earth's features, ...Using d'Alembert equation as the approximation of Einstein's equation, a solution is given in this paper to the time-dependent gravitational equation of the Earth in consideration of the Earth's features, which describes the characteristics of pulsation of the Earth and the structures of spherical layers of its interior, thus providing a theoretical basis for establishing the idea of mantle pulsation.展开更多
The study by the author of magnetic scattering neutrons in the structures of ferrimagnets, as well as his experiments with the separation of magnetic charges in dipole pairs ±g in magnetic field, showed that fund...The study by the author of magnetic scattering neutrons in the structures of ferrimagnets, as well as his experiments with the separation of magnetic charges in dipole pairs ±g in magnetic field, showed that fundamental magnetic particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance. It is the magnetic poles, and not the moving electric charges are the direct sources of all magnetic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. Basic reasons of ignoring the magnetic fundamental particles by world physical theory, for almost 150 years, are the ultra-harsh confinement of these particles in substance which radically is different from the confinement electrons, as well as the vicious concept of the electric magnetism Maxwell. Rotating magnetic dipoles in conductors which are untwisted by electric current, are direct sources of the vortex magnetic field rot<em><strong>H</strong></em>. One should also expect the formation of a vortex electric field rot<em><strong>E </strong></em>forming by rotating electric dipoles which are untwisted by the current of magnetic charges. This article provides an experimental answer to the question: what field is formed around a conductor if joint direct currents of electric<em> <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>J</em></strong></em><sub>e</sub> and magnetic<strong><em> J</em></strong><sub>g</sub> charges are passed through it? The author’s experiments have shown that in this case the vortex electromagnetic current is realized which manifests itself as the vortex electromagnetic (gravitational) field. It is possible to implement such a process, according to the results of the author’s research, exclusively in superconductors. The vector character of the gravitational field is in many respects similar to the vortex magnetic field which makes it possible to introduce such it states as paragravitation and ferrogravitation into representations. To create joint currents of electric and magnetic charges, the author used the inertial forces of these particles under conditions of acceleration and deceleration of the rotational motion of the closed lead superconductor. The result of this experiment was the gravitational, as it turned out later, the ferrogravitational field, which was detected by effect repulsion of trial cargos from the coil with a superconducting winding at the stage of its untwist. The latter process is defined by the author as an effect of the gravitational (ferrogravitational) levitation. The values of ferrogravitational (levitational) forces noted in this experiment were: 120 mg for a tungsten trial cargo and 50 and 25 mg for a lead cargo with an error of ±15 mg. The values of ferrogravitational (levitational) forces noted in this experiment are: 120 mg for from tungsten trial cargo and 50 and 25 mg for a cargo from lead, with an error of ±15 mg. The “anomaly” noted by the author in this study was in the absence of any absence of a gravitational effect on stage a braking of the coil. Probable cause of the noted “anomaly” is discussed in the Discussion of Results chapter.展开更多
The behavior of liquids undergoing phase transition in the gravitational field is studied by considering the generalized Van der Waals equation. Considering the two simple models for liquid-vapor boundary of a pure cl...The behavior of liquids undergoing phase transition in the gravitational field is studied by considering the generalized Van der Waals equation. Considering the two simple models for liquid-vapor boundary of a pure classical fluid, the generalized Van der Waals equation shows how the three critical parameters (critical temperature, critical volume and critical pressure), suffice to describe the reduced state parameters (reduced temperature, reduced volume and reduced pressure), the concentration profile and the liquid-vapor boundary position, which can be used to observe transition phenomenon. This model shows how the form of the equation can influence the vertical phase separation induced by the stationary gravitational field, and on the gas condensation effects.展开更多
The Bach equations are a version of higher-order gravitational field equations, exactly they are of fourth-order. In 4-dimensions the Bach-Einstein gravitational field equations are treated here as a perturbation of E...The Bach equations are a version of higher-order gravitational field equations, exactly they are of fourth-order. In 4-dimensions the Bach-Einstein gravitational field equations are treated here as a perturbation of Einstein’s gravity. An approximate inversion formula is derived which admits a comparison of the two field theories. An application to these theories is given where the gravitational Lagrangian is expressed linearly in terms of R, R<sup>2</sup>, |Ric|<sup>2</sup>, where the Ricci tensor Ric = R<sub>αβ</sub>dx<sup>α</sup>dx<sup>β</sup> is inserted in some formulas which are of geometrical or physical importance, such as;Raychaudhuri equation and Tolman’s formula.展开更多
Determination of the structural foundations and parameters of the Universe is an important urgent task since it enables us to understand and explain the structure and basic parameters of the material world. Herewith, ...Determination of the structural foundations and parameters of the Universe is an important urgent task since it enables us to understand and explain the structure and basic parameters of the material world. Herewith, it is necessary to be aware of modern problems of physics and possible ways to solve them. Among such problems, hypotheses concerning dark matter and the energy of the Universe occupy an important place. However, the determination of their on the basis of modern theories still leads to abstract equations that do not give concrete results;therefore, they have a level of hypotheses. A number of initial scientific propositions based on this abstract of mathematical dependencies have controversial meanings. Elimination of this disadvantage is the main goal of the work performed. Its main difference and scientific novelty are the justification of the energy parameters of the gravitational field of the Universe, the magnitude of which can replace its dark energy and dark mass. The solution to this problem is justified by strict physical dependencies, which are obtained on the basis of fundamental physical constants. It is an urgent and important scientific and applied problem, since it develops knowledge about the gravitational field and the material world in general. The performed work is based on the methods of deduction and induction in the research of the material world based on the application of the well-known reliable laws of physics and the general principles of the development of the theory of knowledge. Other research methods are still unknown, since the work performed is associated with new scientific discoveries, the search for which is difficult to formalize by technique methods. The results of the study consist of the analysis of wave, force and energy parameters of the relict gravitational field of the Universe. The calculated value of this energy is 1.58 × 10<sup>70</sup> J. This energy is enough to cover the amount of dark energy and mass in the Universe, which casts doubt on their existence. Conclusions: This paper can supplement previously performed research on the dark mass and energy of the Universe, which requires further for their reconciliation.展开更多
Studying the two famous old problems that why the moon can move around the Sun and why the orbit of the Moon around the Earth cannot be broken off by the Sun under the condition calculating with <em>F</em>...Studying the two famous old problems that why the moon can move around the Sun and why the orbit of the Moon around the Earth cannot be broken off by the Sun under the condition calculating with <em>F</em>=<em>GMm</em>/<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>, the attractive force of the Sun on the Moon is almost 2.2 times that of the Earth, we found that the planet and moon are unified as one single gravitational unit which results in that the Sun cannot have the force of <em style="white-space:normal;">F</em><span style="white-space:normal;">=</span><em style="white-space:normal;">GMm</em><span style="white-space:normal;">/</span><em style="white-space:normal;">R</em><sup style="white-space:normal;">2</sup> on the moon. The moon is moved by the gravitational unit orbiting around the Sun. It could indicate that the gravitational field of the moon is limited inside the unit and the gravitational fields of both the planet and moon are unified as one single field interacting with the Sun. The findings are further clarified by reestablishing Newton’s repulsive gravity.展开更多
For further research on the gravity mechanism of the routing protocol in complex networks, we introduce the concept of routing awareness depth, which is represented by p. On this basis, we define the calculation formu...For further research on the gravity mechanism of the routing protocol in complex networks, we introduce the concept of routing awareness depth, which is represented by p. On this basis, we define the calculation formula of the gravity of the transmission route for the packet, and propose a routing strategy based on the gravitational field of the node and the routing awareness depth. In order to characterize the efficiency of the method, we introduce an order parameter, η, to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from free flow to congestion, and use the node betweenness centrality, B, to test the transmission efficiency of the network and congestion distribution. We simulate the network transmission performance under different values of the routing awareness depth, ρ. Simulation results show that if the value of the routing awareness depth p is too small, then the gravity of the route is composed of the attraction of very few nodes on the route, which cannot improve the capacity of the network effectively. If the value of the routing awareness depth ρ is greater than the network's average distance (l), then the capacity of the network may be improved greatly and no longer change with the sustainable increment of routing awareness depth p, and the routing strategy performance enters into a constant state. Moreover, whatever the value of the routing awareness depth p, our algorithm always effectively balances the distribution of the betweenness centrality and realizes equal distribution of the network load.展开更多
The basic principle of spectral combination method is discussed,and the general expressions of the spectral weight and spectral combination of the united-processing of various types of gravimetric data are shown.What...The basic principle of spectral combination method is discussed,and the general expressions of the spectral weight and spectral combination of the united-processing of various types of gravimetric data are shown.What's more,based on degree error RMS of potential coefficients,the detailed expressions of spectral combination formulae and the corresponding spectral weights in the Earth's gravitational field model(EGM) determination using GOCE + GRACE and CHAMP + GRACE + GOCE are derived.The fundamental situation that ulux-champ2013 s,tongji-GRACE01,go-cons-gcf-2-tim-r5 constructed respectively by CHAMP,GRACE,GOCE data and go-cons-gcf-2-dir-r5 constructed by syncretic processing of GRACE,GOCE and LAGEOS data are explained briefly,the degree error RMS,cumulative geoid height error and cumulative gravity anomaly error of these models are calculated.A syncretic model constructed from CHAMP,GRACE and GOCE data,which is expressed by champ + grace + goce,is obtained based on spectral combination method.Experimentation results show that the precision of CHAMP data model is the lowest in satellite-only models,so it is not needed in the determination of syncretic models.The GRACE data model can improve the GOCE data model in medium-long wavelength,so the overall precision of syncretic model can be improved.Consequently,as many types of gravimetric data as possible should be combined together in the data processing in order to strengthen the quality and reliability with widening scope and improve the precision and spatial resolution of the computational results.展开更多
The uniformly accelerated motion is studied in the framework of gauge theory of gravity. It is found that, when an inertial reference system is transformed into a uniformly accelerated system by a local gravitational ...The uniformly accelerated motion is studied in the framework of gauge theory of gravity. It is found that, when an inertial reference system is transformed into a uniformly accelerated system by a local gravitational gauge transformation, a non-trivial gravitational gauge field appears. If there is a mass point in the new reference frame, there will be a non-trivial gravitational force acting on it. The nature and the characteristic of this new force are completely the same as those of the traditional inertial force. This new gravitational force is considered to be the inertial force. Therefore, the nature of inertial force is gravity, which is the basic idea of the equi-valence principle.展开更多
Analysis of free fall and acceleration of the mass on the Earth shows that using abstract entities such as absolute space or inertial space to explain mass dynamics leads to the violation of the principle of action an...Analysis of free fall and acceleration of the mass on the Earth shows that using abstract entities such as absolute space or inertial space to explain mass dynamics leads to the violation of the principle of action and reaction. Many scientists including Newton, Mach, and Einstein recognized that inertial force has no reaction that originates on mass. Einstein calls the lack of reaction to the inertial force a serious criticism of the space-time continuum concept. Presented is the hypothesis that the inertial force develops in an interaction of two masses via the force field. The inertial force created by such a field has reaction force. The dynamic gravitational field predicted is strong enough to be detected in the laboratory. This article describes the laboratory experiment which can prove or disprove the hypothesis of the dynamic gravitational field. The inertial force, calculated using the equation for the dynamic gravitational field, agrees with the behavior of inertial force observed in the experiments on the Earth. The movement of the planets in our solar system calculated using that equation is the same as that calculated using Newton’s method. The space properties calculated by the candidate equation explain the aberration of light and the results of light propagation experiments. The dynamic gravitational field can explain the discrepancy between the observed velocity of stars in the galaxy and those predicted by Newton’s theory of gravitation without the need for the dark matter hypothesis.展开更多
We have obtained the solution of the Einstein equation and the electric-magnetic field outside the neutron star, and at the same time, we investigated their asymptotic properties.
We expand previously established results concerning the uniform representability of classical and relativistic gravitational field equations by means of velocity-field divergence equations by demonstrating that conser...We expand previously established results concerning the uniform representability of classical and relativistic gravitational field equations by means of velocity-field divergence equations by demonstrating that conservation equations for (probability) density functions give rise to velocity-field divergence equations the solutions of which generate—by way of superposition—the totality of solutions of various well-known classical and quantum-mechanical wave equations.展开更多
A dark matter mechanism within the framework of the standard model (SM) of particle physics is proposed in this article that the essence of dark matter may be the excited virtual particle field by the gravitational fi...A dark matter mechanism within the framework of the standard model (SM) of particle physics is proposed in this article that the essence of dark matter may be the excited virtual particle field by the gravitational field of ordinary matter, which contains virtual photons, virtual positive and negative electron pairs, virtual gluons, virtual positive and negative quark pairs, virtual neutrinos etc. In this mechanism, there are two basic assumptions: 1) the stronger the gravitational field of ordinary matter, the greater the excited energy (mass) density of virtual particle field;2) The excited virtual particle field is generally very weak in self-interaction. The virtual particle field excited by gravity can exhibit the properties of dark matter and may become a dark matter candidate. Based on this new dark matter mechanism, the hydrodynamic equations and cosmic perturbation equations describing cosmic matter are improved, and this may be meaningful for solving the challenges faced by the standard cosmological model (Lambda-CDM or LCDM) and developing and perfecting LCDM model.展开更多
The gravitational effects (precession of charge-less particles and deflection of light) in the gravitational field of a celestial body with magnetic charge and moment (CM) are investigated. We found that the magnetic...The gravitational effects (precession of charge-less particles and deflection of light) in the gravitational field of a celestial body with magnetic charge and moment (CM) are investigated. We found that the magnetic charge always weakens the pure Schwarzschild effects, while the magnetic dipole moment deforms the effects in a more complicated way.展开更多
文摘The fluctuating planetary gravitational field influences not only activities on the Sun but also on the Earth. A special correlation function describes the harmonics of these fluctuations. Groups of earthquakes form oscillation patterns that differ significantly from randomly chosen control groups. These patterns are suitable as an element of an AI for the probability of earthquakes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 40674038)the Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Key Topics in Innovation Engineering (Grant Nos KZCX2-YW-143 and KZCX2-YW-202)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863) (Grant Nos 2009AA12Z138 and 2006AA09Z153)the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan (Grant No B19340129)
文摘Firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by four error sources, including the inter-satellite range-rate of an interferometric laser (K-band) ranging system, the orbital position and velocity of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver and non-conservative force of an accelerometer, is established from the perspectives of the power spectrum principle in physics using the semi-analytical approach. Secondly, the accuracy of the global gravitational field is accurately and rapidly estimated based on the combined error model; the cumulative geoid height error is 1.985× 10^-1 m at degree 120 based on GRACE Level 1B measured observation errors of the year 2007 published by the US Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the cumulative geoid height error is 5.825 × 10^-2 m at degree 360 using GRACE Follow-On orbital altitude 250 km and inter-satellite range 50 km. The matching relationship of accuracy indexes from GRACE Follow-On key payloads is brought forward, and the dependability of the combined error model is validated. Finally, the feasibility of high-accuracy and high-resolution global gravitational field estimation from GRACE Follow-On is demonstrated based on different satellite orbital altitudes.
基金Project supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. KZCX2-EW-QN114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars (GrantNos. 41004006,41131067,and 11173049)+3 种基金the Merit-Based Scientific Research Foundation of the State Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (Grant No. 2011)the Open Research Fund Programof the Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2011-04)the Frontier Field Program of Knowledge Innovation of Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Grant No. PLN1113)
文摘The accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field measured from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer(GOCE),up to 250 degrees,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij from the satellite gravity gradiometry(SGG) are contrastively demonstrated based on the analytical error model and numerical simulation,respectively.Firstly,the new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are established,respectively.In 250 degrees,the GOCE cumulative geoid height error measured by the radial gravity gradient V zz is about 2 1/2 times higher than that measured by the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij.Secondly,the Earth's gravitational field from GOCE completely up to 250 degrees is recovered using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij by numerical simulation,respectively.The study results show that when the measurement error of the gravity gradient is 3×10 12 /s 2,the cumulative geoid height errors using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are 12.319 cm and 9.295 cm at 250 degrees,respectively.The accuracy of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij is improved by 30%-40% on average compared with that using the radial gravity gradient V zz in 250 degrees.Finally,by mutual verification of the analytical error model and numerical simulation,the orders of magnitude from the accuracies of the Earth's gravitational field recovery make no substantial differences based on the radial and three-dimensional gravity gradients,respectively.Therefore,it is feasible to develop in advance a radial cold-atom interferometric gradiometer with a measurement accuracy of 10 13 /s 2-10 15 /s 2 for precisely producing the next-generation GOCE Follow-On Earth gravity field model with a high spatial resolution.
基金Project supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Distinguished Young Scholar (Grant No. KZCX2-EW-QN114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholar (Grant Nos. 41004006, 41131067, 11173049, and 41202094)+5 种基金the Merit-based Scientific Research Foundation of the State Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(Grant No. 2011)the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2011-04)the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. 11-01-02)the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Geo-Informatics of National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China(Grant No. 201322)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Grant No. PLN1113)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing (Grant No. PRP/open-1206)
文摘Firstly, a new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional diagonal tensors of satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) is introduced based on the variance-covariance matrix principle. Secondly, a study for the requirements demonstration on the next-generation GOCE Follow-On satellite gravity gradiometry system is developed using different satellite orbital altitudes and measurement accuracies of satellite gravity gradiometer by the new analytical error model of SGG. The research results show that it is preferable to design satellite orbital altitudes of 300 km–400km and choose the measurement accuracies of 10-13/s2 –10-15/s2 from satellite gravity gradiometer. Finally, the complementarity of the four-stage satellite gravity missions, including past CHAMP, current GRACE, and GOCE, and next-generation GOCE Follow-On, is contrastively demonstrated for precisely recovering the Earth’s full-frequency gravitational field with high spatial resolution.
基金supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Distinguished Young Scholar(KZCX2-EW-QN114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41004006,41131067,11173049)+5 种基金the Merit-based Scientific Research Foundation of the State Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(2011)the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Geo-Informatics of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping(201031)the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2011-04)the Frontier Field Program of Knowledge Innovation of Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(PLN1113)the Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Refractories and Ceramics Ministry-Province jointly-Constructed Cultivation Base for State key Laboratory(G201009)
文摘The precision of Earth's gravitational field from GRACE up to degree and order 120 was studied for different inter-satellite ranges using the improved energy conservation principle. Our simulated result shows that: For long wavelength (L≤20) at degree 20, the cumulative geoid-height error gradually decreased with increasing range, from 0. 052 cm for 110 km to 1. 156 times and 1. 209 times as large for 220 km and 330 kin, respectively. For medium-wavelength ( 100 ≤ L ≤ 120) at degree 120, the cumulative geoid-height error de- creased from 13. 052 cm for 110 km, to 1. 327 times and 1. 970 times as large for the ranges of 220 km and 330 km, respectively; By adopting an optimal range of 220 ± 50 km, we can suppress considerably the loss of precision in the measurement of the Earth' s long-wavelength and medium-wavelength gravitational field.
基金Project supported by the Technology and Development Research Project of China Railway Corporation(Grant No.2012X007-D)the Key Program of Technology and Development Research Foundation of China Railway Corporation(Grant No.2012X003-A)
文摘Routing and path selection are crucial for many communication and logistic applications. We study the interaction between nodes and packets and establish a simple model for describing the attraction of the node to the packet in transmission process by using the gravitational field theory, considering the real and potential congestion of the nodes. On the basis of this model, we propose a gravitational field routing strategy that considers the attractions of all of the nodes on the travel path to the packet. In order to illustrate the efficiency of proposed routing algorithm, we introduce the order parameter to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from a free flow phase to a congested phase,and study the distribution of betweenness centrality and traffic jam. Simulations show that, compared with the shortest path routing strategy, the gravitational field routing strategy considerably enhances the throughput of the network and balances the traffic load, and nearly all of the nodes are used efficiently.
文摘Using d'Alembert equation as the approximation of Einstein's equation, a solution is given in this paper to the time-dependent gravitational equation of the Earth in consideration of the Earth's features, which describes the characteristics of pulsation of the Earth and the structures of spherical layers of its interior, thus providing a theoretical basis for establishing the idea of mantle pulsation.
文摘The study by the author of magnetic scattering neutrons in the structures of ferrimagnets, as well as his experiments with the separation of magnetic charges in dipole pairs ±g in magnetic field, showed that fundamental magnetic particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance. It is the magnetic poles, and not the moving electric charges are the direct sources of all magnetic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. Basic reasons of ignoring the magnetic fundamental particles by world physical theory, for almost 150 years, are the ultra-harsh confinement of these particles in substance which radically is different from the confinement electrons, as well as the vicious concept of the electric magnetism Maxwell. Rotating magnetic dipoles in conductors which are untwisted by electric current, are direct sources of the vortex magnetic field rot<em><strong>H</strong></em>. One should also expect the formation of a vortex electric field rot<em><strong>E </strong></em>forming by rotating electric dipoles which are untwisted by the current of magnetic charges. This article provides an experimental answer to the question: what field is formed around a conductor if joint direct currents of electric<em> <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>J</em></strong></em><sub>e</sub> and magnetic<strong><em> J</em></strong><sub>g</sub> charges are passed through it? The author’s experiments have shown that in this case the vortex electromagnetic current is realized which manifests itself as the vortex electromagnetic (gravitational) field. It is possible to implement such a process, according to the results of the author’s research, exclusively in superconductors. The vector character of the gravitational field is in many respects similar to the vortex magnetic field which makes it possible to introduce such it states as paragravitation and ferrogravitation into representations. To create joint currents of electric and magnetic charges, the author used the inertial forces of these particles under conditions of acceleration and deceleration of the rotational motion of the closed lead superconductor. The result of this experiment was the gravitational, as it turned out later, the ferrogravitational field, which was detected by effect repulsion of trial cargos from the coil with a superconducting winding at the stage of its untwist. The latter process is defined by the author as an effect of the gravitational (ferrogravitational) levitation. The values of ferrogravitational (levitational) forces noted in this experiment were: 120 mg for a tungsten trial cargo and 50 and 25 mg for a lead cargo with an error of ±15 mg. The values of ferrogravitational (levitational) forces noted in this experiment are: 120 mg for from tungsten trial cargo and 50 and 25 mg for a cargo from lead, with an error of ±15 mg. The “anomaly” noted by the author in this study was in the absence of any absence of a gravitational effect on stage a braking of the coil. Probable cause of the noted “anomaly” is discussed in the Discussion of Results chapter.
文摘The behavior of liquids undergoing phase transition in the gravitational field is studied by considering the generalized Van der Waals equation. Considering the two simple models for liquid-vapor boundary of a pure classical fluid, the generalized Van der Waals equation shows how the three critical parameters (critical temperature, critical volume and critical pressure), suffice to describe the reduced state parameters (reduced temperature, reduced volume and reduced pressure), the concentration profile and the liquid-vapor boundary position, which can be used to observe transition phenomenon. This model shows how the form of the equation can influence the vertical phase separation induced by the stationary gravitational field, and on the gas condensation effects.
文摘The Bach equations are a version of higher-order gravitational field equations, exactly they are of fourth-order. In 4-dimensions the Bach-Einstein gravitational field equations are treated here as a perturbation of Einstein’s gravity. An approximate inversion formula is derived which admits a comparison of the two field theories. An application to these theories is given where the gravitational Lagrangian is expressed linearly in terms of R, R<sup>2</sup>, |Ric|<sup>2</sup>, where the Ricci tensor Ric = R<sub>αβ</sub>dx<sup>α</sup>dx<sup>β</sup> is inserted in some formulas which are of geometrical or physical importance, such as;Raychaudhuri equation and Tolman’s formula.
文摘Determination of the structural foundations and parameters of the Universe is an important urgent task since it enables us to understand and explain the structure and basic parameters of the material world. Herewith, it is necessary to be aware of modern problems of physics and possible ways to solve them. Among such problems, hypotheses concerning dark matter and the energy of the Universe occupy an important place. However, the determination of their on the basis of modern theories still leads to abstract equations that do not give concrete results;therefore, they have a level of hypotheses. A number of initial scientific propositions based on this abstract of mathematical dependencies have controversial meanings. Elimination of this disadvantage is the main goal of the work performed. Its main difference and scientific novelty are the justification of the energy parameters of the gravitational field of the Universe, the magnitude of which can replace its dark energy and dark mass. The solution to this problem is justified by strict physical dependencies, which are obtained on the basis of fundamental physical constants. It is an urgent and important scientific and applied problem, since it develops knowledge about the gravitational field and the material world in general. The performed work is based on the methods of deduction and induction in the research of the material world based on the application of the well-known reliable laws of physics and the general principles of the development of the theory of knowledge. Other research methods are still unknown, since the work performed is associated with new scientific discoveries, the search for which is difficult to formalize by technique methods. The results of the study consist of the analysis of wave, force and energy parameters of the relict gravitational field of the Universe. The calculated value of this energy is 1.58 × 10<sup>70</sup> J. This energy is enough to cover the amount of dark energy and mass in the Universe, which casts doubt on their existence. Conclusions: This paper can supplement previously performed research on the dark mass and energy of the Universe, which requires further for their reconciliation.
文摘Studying the two famous old problems that why the moon can move around the Sun and why the orbit of the Moon around the Earth cannot be broken off by the Sun under the condition calculating with <em>F</em>=<em>GMm</em>/<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>, the attractive force of the Sun on the Moon is almost 2.2 times that of the Earth, we found that the planet and moon are unified as one single gravitational unit which results in that the Sun cannot have the force of <em style="white-space:normal;">F</em><span style="white-space:normal;">=</span><em style="white-space:normal;">GMm</em><span style="white-space:normal;">/</span><em style="white-space:normal;">R</em><sup style="white-space:normal;">2</sup> on the moon. The moon is moved by the gravitational unit orbiting around the Sun. It could indicate that the gravitational field of the moon is limited inside the unit and the gravitational fields of both the planet and moon are unified as one single field interacting with the Sun. The findings are further clarified by reestablishing Newton’s repulsive gravity.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20100184110019)the 2013 Cultivation Project of Excellent Doctorate Dissertation of Southwest Jiaotong University+4 种基金the 2013 Doctoral Innovation Funds of Southwest Jiaotong Universitythe Natural Science Research Program of Chongqing Educational Committee,China (Grant No. KJ120528)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2011M501412)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41201475/D0108)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No. A0920502051208-16)
文摘For further research on the gravity mechanism of the routing protocol in complex networks, we introduce the concept of routing awareness depth, which is represented by p. On this basis, we define the calculation formula of the gravity of the transmission route for the packet, and propose a routing strategy based on the gravitational field of the node and the routing awareness depth. In order to characterize the efficiency of the method, we introduce an order parameter, η, to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from free flow to congestion, and use the node betweenness centrality, B, to test the transmission efficiency of the network and congestion distribution. We simulate the network transmission performance under different values of the routing awareness depth, ρ. Simulation results show that if the value of the routing awareness depth p is too small, then the gravity of the route is composed of the attraction of very few nodes on the route, which cannot improve the capacity of the network effectively. If the value of the routing awareness depth ρ is greater than the network's average distance (l), then the capacity of the network may be improved greatly and no longer change with the sustainable increment of routing awareness depth p, and the routing strategy performance enters into a constant state. Moreover, whatever the value of the routing awareness depth p, our algorithm always effectively balances the distribution of the betweenness centrality and realizes equal distribution of the network load.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41304022)the National 973 Foundation(61322201,2013CB733303)the Youth Innovation Foundation of High Resolution Earth Observation(GFZX04060103-5-12)
文摘The basic principle of spectral combination method is discussed,and the general expressions of the spectral weight and spectral combination of the united-processing of various types of gravimetric data are shown.What's more,based on degree error RMS of potential coefficients,the detailed expressions of spectral combination formulae and the corresponding spectral weights in the Earth's gravitational field model(EGM) determination using GOCE + GRACE and CHAMP + GRACE + GOCE are derived.The fundamental situation that ulux-champ2013 s,tongji-GRACE01,go-cons-gcf-2-tim-r5 constructed respectively by CHAMP,GRACE,GOCE data and go-cons-gcf-2-dir-r5 constructed by syncretic processing of GRACE,GOCE and LAGEOS data are explained briefly,the degree error RMS,cumulative geoid height error and cumulative gravity anomaly error of these models are calculated.A syncretic model constructed from CHAMP,GRACE and GOCE data,which is expressed by champ + grace + goce,is obtained based on spectral combination method.Experimentation results show that the precision of CHAMP data model is the lowest in satellite-only models,so it is not needed in the determination of syncretic models.The GRACE data model can improve the GOCE data model in medium-long wavelength,so the overall precision of syncretic model can be improved.Consequently,as many types of gravimetric data as possible should be combined together in the data processing in order to strengthen the quality and reliability with widening scope and improve the precision and spatial resolution of the computational results.
文摘The uniformly accelerated motion is studied in the framework of gauge theory of gravity. It is found that, when an inertial reference system is transformed into a uniformly accelerated system by a local gravitational gauge transformation, a non-trivial gravitational gauge field appears. If there is a mass point in the new reference frame, there will be a non-trivial gravitational force acting on it. The nature and the characteristic of this new force are completely the same as those of the traditional inertial force. This new gravitational force is considered to be the inertial force. Therefore, the nature of inertial force is gravity, which is the basic idea of the equi-valence principle.
文摘Analysis of free fall and acceleration of the mass on the Earth shows that using abstract entities such as absolute space or inertial space to explain mass dynamics leads to the violation of the principle of action and reaction. Many scientists including Newton, Mach, and Einstein recognized that inertial force has no reaction that originates on mass. Einstein calls the lack of reaction to the inertial force a serious criticism of the space-time continuum concept. Presented is the hypothesis that the inertial force develops in an interaction of two masses via the force field. The inertial force created by such a field has reaction force. The dynamic gravitational field predicted is strong enough to be detected in the laboratory. This article describes the laboratory experiment which can prove or disprove the hypothesis of the dynamic gravitational field. The inertial force, calculated using the equation for the dynamic gravitational field, agrees with the behavior of inertial force observed in the experiments on the Earth. The movement of the planets in our solar system calculated using that equation is the same as that calculated using Newton’s method. The space properties calculated by the candidate equation explain the aberration of light and the results of light propagation experiments. The dynamic gravitational field can explain the discrepancy between the observed velocity of stars in the galaxy and those predicted by Newton’s theory of gravitation without the need for the dark matter hypothesis.
文摘We have obtained the solution of the Einstein equation and the electric-magnetic field outside the neutron star, and at the same time, we investigated their asymptotic properties.
文摘We expand previously established results concerning the uniform representability of classical and relativistic gravitational field equations by means of velocity-field divergence equations by demonstrating that conservation equations for (probability) density functions give rise to velocity-field divergence equations the solutions of which generate—by way of superposition—the totality of solutions of various well-known classical and quantum-mechanical wave equations.
文摘A dark matter mechanism within the framework of the standard model (SM) of particle physics is proposed in this article that the essence of dark matter may be the excited virtual particle field by the gravitational field of ordinary matter, which contains virtual photons, virtual positive and negative electron pairs, virtual gluons, virtual positive and negative quark pairs, virtual neutrinos etc. In this mechanism, there are two basic assumptions: 1) the stronger the gravitational field of ordinary matter, the greater the excited energy (mass) density of virtual particle field;2) The excited virtual particle field is generally very weak in self-interaction. The virtual particle field excited by gravity can exhibit the properties of dark matter and may become a dark matter candidate. Based on this new dark matter mechanism, the hydrodynamic equations and cosmic perturbation equations describing cosmic matter are improved, and this may be meaningful for solving the challenges faced by the standard cosmological model (Lambda-CDM or LCDM) and developing and perfecting LCDM model.
文摘The gravitational effects (precession of charge-less particles and deflection of light) in the gravitational field of a celestial body with magnetic charge and moment (CM) are investigated. We found that the magnetic charge always weakens the pure Schwarzschild effects, while the magnetic dipole moment deforms the effects in a more complicated way.