A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,...A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,and a genetic-based method is adopted to select the offsprings.The individuals in the offspring are decoded in Gray code way to keep Hamming distance,and then are evaluated to obtain the best one with the lowest cost value in each iteration.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost value satisfies the stop condition or the number of iterations is reached.The GCO algorithm is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets,and their performance are compared by those with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and binary code based optimization algorithm.The simulation results show that the GCO algorithm can reach high accuracies steadily for quantum classification tasks.Importantly,the GCO algorithm has a robust performance in the noise environment.展开更多
In gas metal arc welding(GMAW)process,the short-circuit transition was the most typical transition observed in molten metal droplets.This paper used orthogonal tests to explore the coupling effect law of welding proce...In gas metal arc welding(GMAW)process,the short-circuit transition was the most typical transition observed in molten metal droplets.This paper used orthogonal tests to explore the coupling effect law of welding process parameters on the quality of weld forming under short-circuit transition,the design of 3 factors and 3 levels of a total of 9 groups of orthogonal tests,welding current,welding voltage,welding speed as input parameters:effective area ratio,humps,actual linear power density,aspect ratio,Vickers hardness as output paramet-ers(response targets).Using range analysis and trend charts,we can visually depict the relationship between input parameters and a single output parameter,ultimately determining the optimal process parameters that impact the single output index.Then combined with gray the-ory to transform the three response targets into a single gray relational grade(GRG)for analysis,the optimal combination of the weld mor-phology parameters as follows:welding current 100 A,welding voltage 25 V,welding speed 30 cm/min.Finally,validation experiments were conducted,and the results showed that the error between the gray relational grade and the predicted value was 2.74%.It was observed that the effective area ratio of the response target significantly improved,validating the reliability of the orthogonal gray relational method.展开更多
The Picture of Dorian Gray是王尔德唯一一部长篇小说,小说语言唯美自然。本文从顺应论的角度出发,从语境顺应、结构顺应以及动态顺应三个方面分析孙宜学译本与荣如德译本的差异。文章发现,两译者对于自己的定位不同,即前者是源语文化...The Picture of Dorian Gray是王尔德唯一一部长篇小说,小说语言唯美自然。本文从顺应论的角度出发,从语境顺应、结构顺应以及动态顺应三个方面分析孙宜学译本与荣如德译本的差异。文章发现,两译者对于自己的定位不同,即前者是源语文化的传播者,后者则是文学作品的传播者,译者的意识程度以及自身定位影响着译者采取的翻译方法,只有找准定位才能更好地翻译,获得更大的阅读价值以及参考价值。展开更多
Based on the theory of complex network and gray system, the sugesstion that there exist two types of gray nodes in complex networks, Gray Node I and Gray Node II, is concluded. The first one refers to the existent unk...Based on the theory of complex network and gray system, the sugesstion that there exist two types of gray nodes in complex networks, Gray Node I and Gray Node II, is concluded. The first one refers to the existent unknown gray nodes, and the second the evolution gray nodes. The relevant definitions are also given. Further- more, grayness degree in complex networks is described and divided into two forms--the relative grayness degree （RGD） and the absolute grayness degree （AGD）, which are proved respectively.展开更多
Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of t...Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown.In this study,morphological and multi-gene(TEF-TUB-ITS)phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock(Camellia sinensis var.sinensis cv.Shuixian).Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection(hai),and after 48 h,elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single conidium.Transcriptome analysis revealed that 482,517,and 369 genes were differentially expressed at 24,48,and 72 hai,respectively,in Wuyi Rock tea leaves.Isolate CLBB1 infection elicited phenotype-related responses and activated defense-related pathways,including plant–pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling,and plant hormone signal transduction,suggesting a possible mechanism underlying phenotype-based susceptibility to CLBB1.Thus,a new Ps.vietnamensis strain causing GBD in the tea cultivar‘Shuixian’was discovered in this study.Transcriptome analysis indicated that pathogen invasion activated chitin-related MAPK pathways and that tea plants required a hormone to restrict CLBB1.展开更多
The destruction of concrete building materials in severely cold regions of the north is more severely affected by freeze-thaw cycles,and the relationship between the mechanical properties and pore structure of concret...The destruction of concrete building materials in severely cold regions of the north is more severely affected by freeze-thaw cycles,and the relationship between the mechanical properties and pore structure of concrete with fine aggregate from municipal solid waste(MSW)incineration bottom ash after freeze-thaw cycles is analyzed under the degree of freeze-thaw hazard variation.In this paper,the gray correlation method is used to calculate the correlation between the relative dynamic elastic modulus,compressive strength,and microscopic porosity parameters to speculate on the most important factors affecting their changes.The GM(1,1)model was established based on the compressive strength of the waste incineration ash aggregate concrete,the relative error between the simulated and actual values in the model was less than 5%,and the accuracy of the model was level 1,indicating that the GM(1,1)model can well reflect the change in the compressive strength of the MSW incineration bottom ash aggregate concrete during freeze-thaw cycles.Using the gray correlation method,the correlation between the relative dynamic elastic modulus,compressive strength,air content,specific surface area,pore spacing coefficient,and pore average chord length was calculated,and the pore spacing coefficient and pore average chord length were determined to be highly correlated with each other.This determination can help analyze and infer the deterioration mechanism of concrete subject to freeze-thaw cycles.These results can provide a theoretical basis for guiding the engineering practice of concrete with fine aggregates of household bottom ash in the northern cold region.展开更多
Different investigations of the union of dissimilar materials such as stainless steel and different castings have been carried out, but rapid cooling immediately after welding has not been considered, in this work it ...Different investigations of the union of dissimilar materials such as stainless steel and different castings have been carried out, but rapid cooling immediately after welding has not been considered, in this work it was investigated how rapid cooling affects the metallurgical microstructure and consequently the mechanical properties. The effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint between dissimilar metals, an E-308-16 austenitic stainless steel and Gray Cast Iron was also analyzed. Gray cast iron samples (GCI) were fabricated, welded and cooled. The main welding parameters studied in this work are the welding technique and the type of filler electrodes. Flux-coated electrode E-308-16 was applied for this different joint. An experimental study was carried out for the analysis of welded joints of similar and dissimilar steels. The microstructure of the welded joints was analyzed using an optical microscope, in the base metals, heat affected zone (HAZ) and filler metal. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were evaluated by Vickers microhardness and tensile strength tests. The hardness profile showed differences in hardness between the base metals, the heat affected zone and the filler metal. The metallurgical microstructures observed along the welded areas corresponded to the profile. The hardness differences determined the effect on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the welded samples as a result of the cooling rate differences. This research work is important because it allows us to analyze the possibility of reworking pieces of dissimilar materials by welding or, failing that, to determine if this may or may not be possible.展开更多
Henry Vandyke Carter(1831–1897),physician and illustrator from Saint George’s Hospital in London,England.He worked with Henry Williamson Gray(1827–1861)on anatomical dissections and Carter’s illustrations contribu...Henry Vandyke Carter(1831–1897),physician and illustrator from Saint George’s Hospital in London,England.He worked with Henry Williamson Gray(1827–1861)on anatomical dissections and Carter’s illustrations contributed significantly to the success of the Treaty of Anatomy,Descriptive and Surgical.Henry Carter never achieved any credit or royalty for his work.This book is currently regarded as one of the most influential human anatomy textbooks.The paper aims to present a brief review of Henry Carter’s contributions to the medical field.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61871234 and 62375140)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX190900).
文摘A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,and a genetic-based method is adopted to select the offsprings.The individuals in the offspring are decoded in Gray code way to keep Hamming distance,and then are evaluated to obtain the best one with the lowest cost value in each iteration.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost value satisfies the stop condition or the number of iterations is reached.The GCO algorithm is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets,and their performance are compared by those with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and binary code based optimization algorithm.The simulation results show that the GCO algorithm can reach high accuracies steadily for quantum classification tasks.Importantly,the GCO algorithm has a robust performance in the noise environment.
基金supported by Major Special Projects of Science and Technology in Fujian Province,(Grant No.2020HZ03018)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2020J01873).
文摘In gas metal arc welding(GMAW)process,the short-circuit transition was the most typical transition observed in molten metal droplets.This paper used orthogonal tests to explore the coupling effect law of welding process parameters on the quality of weld forming under short-circuit transition,the design of 3 factors and 3 levels of a total of 9 groups of orthogonal tests,welding current,welding voltage,welding speed as input parameters:effective area ratio,humps,actual linear power density,aspect ratio,Vickers hardness as output paramet-ers(response targets).Using range analysis and trend charts,we can visually depict the relationship between input parameters and a single output parameter,ultimately determining the optimal process parameters that impact the single output index.Then combined with gray the-ory to transform the three response targets into a single gray relational grade(GRG)for analysis,the optimal combination of the weld mor-phology parameters as follows:welding current 100 A,welding voltage 25 V,welding speed 30 cm/min.Finally,validation experiments were conducted,and the results showed that the error between the gray relational grade and the predicted value was 2.74%.It was observed that the effective area ratio of the response target significantly improved,validating the reliability of the orthogonal gray relational method.
文摘The Picture of Dorian Gray是王尔德唯一一部长篇小说,小说语言唯美自然。本文从顺应论的角度出发,从语境顺应、结构顺应以及动态顺应三个方面分析孙宜学译本与荣如德译本的差异。文章发现,两译者对于自己的定位不同,即前者是源语文化的传播者,后者则是文学作品的传播者,译者的意识程度以及自身定位影响着译者采取的翻译方法,只有找准定位才能更好地翻译,获得更大的阅读价值以及参考价值。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71110307023)~~
文摘Based on the theory of complex network and gray system, the sugesstion that there exist two types of gray nodes in complex networks, Gray Node I and Gray Node II, is concluded. The first one refers to the existent unknown gray nodes, and the second the evolution gray nodes. The relevant definitions are also given. Further- more, grayness degree in complex networks is described and divided into two forms--the relative grayness degree （RGD） and the absolute grayness degree （AGD）, which are proved respectively.
基金supported by the Central Special Project for Fujian Local Science and Technology Development(2020L3025)the Fujian Natural Science Foundation(2020J01410)+4 种基金a Fujian Education and Scientific Research Project(JAT190789)the Talent-Recruiting Program of Wuyi University(YJ201503)the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology(WYKF2019-2)a Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0322)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202101246).
文摘Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown.In this study,morphological and multi-gene(TEF-TUB-ITS)phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock(Camellia sinensis var.sinensis cv.Shuixian).Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection(hai),and after 48 h,elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single conidium.Transcriptome analysis revealed that 482,517,and 369 genes were differentially expressed at 24,48,and 72 hai,respectively,in Wuyi Rock tea leaves.Isolate CLBB1 infection elicited phenotype-related responses and activated defense-related pathways,including plant–pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling,and plant hormone signal transduction,suggesting a possible mechanism underlying phenotype-based susceptibility to CLBB1.Thus,a new Ps.vietnamensis strain causing GBD in the tea cultivar‘Shuixian’was discovered in this study.Transcriptome analysis indicated that pathogen invasion activated chitin-related MAPK pathways and that tea plants required a hormone to restrict CLBB1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project 51868058,52068058Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation 2018MS05011Inner Mongolia“Grassland Talent”CYYC5039.
文摘The destruction of concrete building materials in severely cold regions of the north is more severely affected by freeze-thaw cycles,and the relationship between the mechanical properties and pore structure of concrete with fine aggregate from municipal solid waste(MSW)incineration bottom ash after freeze-thaw cycles is analyzed under the degree of freeze-thaw hazard variation.In this paper,the gray correlation method is used to calculate the correlation between the relative dynamic elastic modulus,compressive strength,and microscopic porosity parameters to speculate on the most important factors affecting their changes.The GM(1,1)model was established based on the compressive strength of the waste incineration ash aggregate concrete,the relative error between the simulated and actual values in the model was less than 5%,and the accuracy of the model was level 1,indicating that the GM(1,1)model can well reflect the change in the compressive strength of the MSW incineration bottom ash aggregate concrete during freeze-thaw cycles.Using the gray correlation method,the correlation between the relative dynamic elastic modulus,compressive strength,air content,specific surface area,pore spacing coefficient,and pore average chord length was calculated,and the pore spacing coefficient and pore average chord length were determined to be highly correlated with each other.This determination can help analyze and infer the deterioration mechanism of concrete subject to freeze-thaw cycles.These results can provide a theoretical basis for guiding the engineering practice of concrete with fine aggregates of household bottom ash in the northern cold region.
文摘Different investigations of the union of dissimilar materials such as stainless steel and different castings have been carried out, but rapid cooling immediately after welding has not been considered, in this work it was investigated how rapid cooling affects the metallurgical microstructure and consequently the mechanical properties. The effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint between dissimilar metals, an E-308-16 austenitic stainless steel and Gray Cast Iron was also analyzed. Gray cast iron samples (GCI) were fabricated, welded and cooled. The main welding parameters studied in this work are the welding technique and the type of filler electrodes. Flux-coated electrode E-308-16 was applied for this different joint. An experimental study was carried out for the analysis of welded joints of similar and dissimilar steels. The microstructure of the welded joints was analyzed using an optical microscope, in the base metals, heat affected zone (HAZ) and filler metal. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were evaluated by Vickers microhardness and tensile strength tests. The hardness profile showed differences in hardness between the base metals, the heat affected zone and the filler metal. The metallurgical microstructures observed along the welded areas corresponded to the profile. The hardness differences determined the effect on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the welded samples as a result of the cooling rate differences. This research work is important because it allows us to analyze the possibility of reworking pieces of dissimilar materials by welding or, failing that, to determine if this may or may not be possible.
文摘Henry Vandyke Carter(1831–1897),physician and illustrator from Saint George’s Hospital in London,England.He worked with Henry Williamson Gray(1827–1861)on anatomical dissections and Carter’s illustrations contributed significantly to the success of the Treaty of Anatomy,Descriptive and Surgical.Henry Carter never achieved any credit or royalty for his work.This book is currently regarded as one of the most influential human anatomy textbooks.The paper aims to present a brief review of Henry Carter’s contributions to the medical field.
