A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,...A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,and a genetic-based method is adopted to select the offsprings.The individuals in the offspring are decoded in Gray code way to keep Hamming distance,and then are evaluated to obtain the best one with the lowest cost value in each iteration.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost value satisfies the stop condition or the number of iterations is reached.The GCO algorithm is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets,and their performance are compared by those with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and binary code based optimization algorithm.The simulation results show that the GCO algorithm can reach high accuracies steadily for quantum classification tasks.Importantly,the GCO algorithm has a robust performance in the noise environment.展开更多
To compress hyperspectral images, a low complexity discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based distributed source coding (DSC) scheme with Gray code is proposed. Unlike most of the existing DSC schemes, which utilize tr...To compress hyperspectral images, a low complexity discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based distributed source coding (DSC) scheme with Gray code is proposed. Unlike most of the existing DSC schemes, which utilize transform in spatial domain, the proposed algorithm applies transform in spectral domain. Set-partitioning-based approach is applied to reorganize DCT coefficients into waveletlike tree structure and extract the sign, refinement, and significance bitplanes. The extracted refinement bits are Gray encoded. Because of the dependency along the line dimension of hyperspectral images, low density paritycheck-(LDPC)-based Slepian-Wolf coder is adopted to implement the DSC strategy. Experimental results on airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) dataset show that the proposed paradigm achieves up to 6 dB improvement over DSC-based coders which apply transform in spatial domain, with significantly reduced computational complexity and memory storage.展开更多
Area query processing is significant for various applications of wireless sensor networks since it can request information of particular areas in the monitored environment. Existing query processing techniques cannot ...Area query processing is significant for various applications of wireless sensor networks since it can request information of particular areas in the monitored environment. Existing query processing techniques cannot solve area queries. Intuitively, centralized processing on Base Station can accomplish area queries via collecting information from all sensor nodes. However, this method is not suitable for wireless sensor networks with limited energy since a large amount of energy is wasted for reporting useless data. This motivates us to propose an energy-efficient in-network area query processing scheme. In our scheme, the monitored area is partitioned into grids, and a unique gray code number is used to represent a Grid ID (GID), which is also an effective way to describe an area. Furthermore, a reporting tree is constructed to process area merging and data aggregations. Based on the properties of GIDs, subareas can be merged easily and useless data can be discarded as early as possible to reduce energy consumption. For energy-efficiently answering continuous queries, we also design an incremental update method to continuously generate query results. In essence, all of these strategies are pivots to conserve energy consumption. With a thorough simulation study, it is shown that our scheme is effective and energy-efficient展开更多
We study embeddings of the n-dimensional hypercube into the circuit with 2nvertices.We prove that the circular wirelength attains a minimum by gray coding;that was called the CT conjecture by Chavez and Trapp(Discrete...We study embeddings of the n-dimensional hypercube into the circuit with 2nvertices.We prove that the circular wirelength attains a minimum by gray coding;that was called the CT conjecture by Chavez and Trapp(Discrete Applied Mathematics,1998).This problem had claimed to be settled by Ching-Jung Guu in her doctoral dissertation“The circular wirelength problem for hypercubes”(University of California,Riverside,1997).Many argue there are gaps in her proof.We eliminate the gaps in her dissertation.展开更多
A 3D surface reconstruction method using a binocular stereo vision technology and a coded structured light,which combines a gray code with phase-shift has been studied.The accuracy of the 3 D surface reconstruction ma...A 3D surface reconstruction method using a binocular stereo vision technology and a coded structured light,which combines a gray code with phase-shift has been studied.The accuracy of the 3 D surface reconstruction mainly depends on the decoding of gray code views and phase-shift views.In order to find the boundary accurately,gray code patterns and their inverses are projected onto a human eye plaster model.The period dislocation between the gray code views and the phase-shift views in the course of decoding has been analyzed and a new method has been proposed to solve it.The splicing method is based on feature points.The result of the 3D surface reconstruction shows the accuracy and reliability of our method.展开更多
Digital pulse width modulator is an integral part in digitally controlled Direct Current to Direct Current (DC-DC) converter utilized in modern portable devices. This paper presents a new Digital Pulse Width Modulator...Digital pulse width modulator is an integral part in digitally controlled Direct Current to Direct Current (DC-DC) converter utilized in modern portable devices. This paper presents a new Digital Pulse Width Modulator (DPWM) architecture for DC-DC converter using mealy finite state machine with gray code encoding scheme and one hot encoding method to derive the variable duty cycle Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal without varying the clock frequency. To verify the proposed DPWM technique, the architecture with control input of six, five and four bits are implemented and the maximum operating frequency along with power consumption results is obtained for different Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. The post layout timing results are presented showing that architecture can work with maximum frequency of 326 MHz and derive PWM signal of 3.59 MHz. Experimental results show the implementation of the proposed architecture in low-cost FPGA (Spartan 3A) with on-board oscillator clock frequency of 12 MHz which is multiplied internally by two with Digital Clock Manager (DCM) and derive the PWM signal of 1.5 MHz with a time resolution of 1 ps.展开更多
A 14-bit low power self-timed differential successive approximation(SAR) ADC with an on-chip multisegment bandgap reference(BGR) is described.An on-chip multi-segment BGR,which has a temperature coefficient of 1.3...A 14-bit low power self-timed differential successive approximation(SAR) ADC with an on-chip multisegment bandgap reference(BGR) is described.An on-chip multi-segment BGR,which has a temperature coefficient of 1.3 ppm/℃and a thermal drift of about 100μV over the temperature range of -40 to 120℃is implemented to provide a high precision reference voltage for the SAR ADC.The Gray code form is utilized instead of binary form mode control to reduce substrate noise and enhance the linearity of the whole system.Self-timed bit-cycling is adopted to enhance the time efficiency.The 14-bit ADC was fabricated in a TSMC 0.13μm CMOS process. With the on-chip BGR,the SAR ADC achieves an SNDR of 81.2 dB(13.2 ENOB) and an SFDR of 85.2 dB with a conversion rate of 2 MS/s at room temperature and can keep an ENOB of more than 12 bits at a conversion rate of 2 MS/s over the temperature range from -40 to 120℃.展开更多
We investigate the problem of listing combinations using a special class of operations, prefix shifts. Combinations are represented as bitstrings of O's and l's, and prefix shifts are the operations of rotating some...We investigate the problem of listing combinations using a special class of operations, prefix shifts. Combinations are represented as bitstrings of O's and l's, and prefix shifts are the operations of rotating some prefix of a bitstring by one position to left or right. We give a negative answer to an open problem asked by F. Ruskey and A. Williams (Generating combinations by prefix shifts, In Proc. llth Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference 2005, LNCS 3595, Springer, 2005, pp.570-576), that is whether we can generate combinations by only using three very basic prefix shifts on bitstrings, which are transposition of the first two bits and the rotation of the entire bitstring by one position in either direction (i.e., applying the permutations σ2, σn and σn^-1 to the indices of the bitstrings).展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61871234 and 62375140)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX190900).
文摘A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this work.Each parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,and a genetic-based method is adopted to select the offsprings.The individuals in the offspring are decoded in Gray code way to keep Hamming distance,and then are evaluated to obtain the best one with the lowest cost value in each iteration.The algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost value satisfies the stop condition or the number of iterations is reached.The GCO algorithm is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets,and their performance are compared by those with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and binary code based optimization algorithm.The simulation results show that the GCO algorithm can reach high accuracies steadily for quantum classification tasks.Importantly,the GCO algorithm has a robust performance in the noise environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China (60702012)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Re-turned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry
文摘To compress hyperspectral images, a low complexity discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based distributed source coding (DSC) scheme with Gray code is proposed. Unlike most of the existing DSC schemes, which utilize transform in spatial domain, the proposed algorithm applies transform in spectral domain. Set-partitioning-based approach is applied to reorganize DCT coefficients into waveletlike tree structure and extract the sign, refinement, and significance bitplanes. The extracted refinement bits are Gray encoded. Because of the dependency along the line dimension of hyperspectral images, low density paritycheck-(LDPC)-based Slepian-Wolf coder is adopted to implement the DSC strategy. Experimental results on airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) dataset show that the proposed paradigm achieves up to 6 dB improvement over DSC-based coders which apply transform in spatial domain, with significantly reduced computational complexity and memory storage.
文摘Area query processing is significant for various applications of wireless sensor networks since it can request information of particular areas in the monitored environment. Existing query processing techniques cannot solve area queries. Intuitively, centralized processing on Base Station can accomplish area queries via collecting information from all sensor nodes. However, this method is not suitable for wireless sensor networks with limited energy since a large amount of energy is wasted for reporting useless data. This motivates us to propose an energy-efficient in-network area query processing scheme. In our scheme, the monitored area is partitioned into grids, and a unique gray code number is used to represent a Grid ID (GID), which is also an effective way to describe an area. Furthermore, a reporting tree is constructed to process area merging and data aggregations. Based on the properties of GIDs, subareas can be merged easily and useless data can be discarded as early as possible to reduce energy consumption. For energy-efficiently answering continuous queries, we also design an incremental update method to continuously generate query results. In essence, all of these strategies are pivots to conserve energy consumption. With a thorough simulation study, it is shown that our scheme is effective and energy-efficient
文摘We study embeddings of the n-dimensional hypercube into the circuit with 2nvertices.We prove that the circular wirelength attains a minimum by gray coding;that was called the CT conjecture by Chavez and Trapp(Discrete Applied Mathematics,1998).This problem had claimed to be settled by Ching-Jung Guu in her doctoral dissertation“The circular wirelength problem for hypercubes”(University of California,Riverside,1997).Many argue there are gaps in her proof.We eliminate the gaps in her dissertation.
文摘A 3D surface reconstruction method using a binocular stereo vision technology and a coded structured light,which combines a gray code with phase-shift has been studied.The accuracy of the 3 D surface reconstruction mainly depends on the decoding of gray code views and phase-shift views.In order to find the boundary accurately,gray code patterns and their inverses are projected onto a human eye plaster model.The period dislocation between the gray code views and the phase-shift views in the course of decoding has been analyzed and a new method has been proposed to solve it.The splicing method is based on feature points.The result of the 3D surface reconstruction shows the accuracy and reliability of our method.
文摘Digital pulse width modulator is an integral part in digitally controlled Direct Current to Direct Current (DC-DC) converter utilized in modern portable devices. This paper presents a new Digital Pulse Width Modulator (DPWM) architecture for DC-DC converter using mealy finite state machine with gray code encoding scheme and one hot encoding method to derive the variable duty cycle Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal without varying the clock frequency. To verify the proposed DPWM technique, the architecture with control input of six, five and four bits are implemented and the maximum operating frequency along with power consumption results is obtained for different Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. The post layout timing results are presented showing that architecture can work with maximum frequency of 326 MHz and derive PWM signal of 3.59 MHz. Experimental results show the implementation of the proposed architecture in low-cost FPGA (Spartan 3A) with on-board oscillator clock frequency of 12 MHz which is multiplied internally by two with Digital Clock Manager (DCM) and derive the PWM signal of 1.5 MHz with a time resolution of 1 ps.
文摘A 14-bit low power self-timed differential successive approximation(SAR) ADC with an on-chip multisegment bandgap reference(BGR) is described.An on-chip multi-segment BGR,which has a temperature coefficient of 1.3 ppm/℃and a thermal drift of about 100μV over the temperature range of -40 to 120℃is implemented to provide a high precision reference voltage for the SAR ADC.The Gray code form is utilized instead of binary form mode control to reduce substrate noise and enhance the linearity of the whole system.Self-timed bit-cycling is adopted to enhance the time efficiency.The 14-bit ADC was fabricated in a TSMC 0.13μm CMOS process. With the on-chip BGR,the SAR ADC achieves an SNDR of 81.2 dB(13.2 ENOB) and an SFDR of 85.2 dB with a conversion rate of 2 MS/s at room temperature and can keep an ENOB of more than 12 bits at a conversion rate of 2 MS/s over the temperature range from -40 to 120℃.
基金This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60553001the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant Nos.2007CB807900 and 2007CB807901.
文摘We investigate the problem of listing combinations using a special class of operations, prefix shifts. Combinations are represented as bitstrings of O's and l's, and prefix shifts are the operations of rotating some prefix of a bitstring by one position to left or right. We give a negative answer to an open problem asked by F. Ruskey and A. Williams (Generating combinations by prefix shifts, In Proc. llth Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference 2005, LNCS 3595, Springer, 2005, pp.570-576), that is whether we can generate combinations by only using three very basic prefix shifts on bitstrings, which are transposition of the first two bits and the rotation of the entire bitstring by one position in either direction (i.e., applying the permutations σ2, σn and σn^-1 to the indices of the bitstrings).