Industrial Policy and the Great Power Competition

Since the end of the Cold War,major powers have avoided direct military confrontation,wary of the devastating consequences of nuclear warfare.Yet the arms race and regional conflicts remain important forms of power competition.Nonetheless,in the era of globalization,rapid advancements in new technologies and industries have eclipsed the utility of geopolitical maneuvers and military competition.In today’s world,the great power competition goes beyond the arms race and GDP aggregates.What matters more is the race to innovate and apply new technologies through a complete range of industrial sectors.In a world where technology has a controlling influence,industrial security has become the linchpin of national security.As globalization reshapes the world’s industrial landscape,a country’s economic influence,military might and national security depend increasingly on its industrial structure.National security is contingent upon industrial strength.In the era of globalization,industrial policy,cutting-edge technologies and market size are dominant factors influencing a country’s competitive position.The essence of the great power competition are industrial policies that fully unlock a country’s industrial potential and implementation of the policies.

Realignment of Great Power Relations

Wang: Speaking of Sino-U. S. relations, actually it touches upon great power relationship. The current Iraqi crisis became a focus in UN. There is a clear demarcation line between those countries supporting a war and those countries in favor of weapons inspections within

An Analysis of the Great Power Strategy of India's Modi Government

Over the past two years, India's Modi government has demonstrated the following features: focusing on the goals of becoming a great power and shaping India's South Asian dominance, expanding the scope of diplomatic strategy, emphasizing the role of soft power and focusing on self-development as well as external environment. Modi's great power strategy is deeply influenced by the Indian realistic international political outlook and, to a certain extent, reflects the governing philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The great power strategy is Modi's governing foundation and governing style, embedding Modi distinctive personal style. Under the influence of the great power strategy, China and India have increased their economic cooperation scope, widening the forms of public diplomacy, with an obvious geopolitical collision; India is taking more measures to check China.

The Current Situation and Characteristics of the Great Power Mentality of China’s Netizens

The Great Power Mentality possessed by the citizens is an important part of the country’s soft power and a necessary condition for China’s rise.Based on the operational measurement of the Great Power Mentality,this paper uses the data of the 2015"Public Social Awareness Survey"as a support to examine the current status of the Chinese people's Great Power Mentality and the characteristics of the Great Power Mentality in different groups.The main research conclusions are as follows:First,the Great Power Mentality can be specifically operated into three types:self-confidence,normal mentality,and responsibility mentality;second,overall,among the three Great Power Mentality of the public,the self-confidence has the highest score(3.93),the normal mentality is second(3.32),and the responsibility mentality is the lowest(2.67);third,whether it is self-confidence,normal mentality,or responsibility mentality,the ideological position has a significant impact on people’s Great Power Mentality.The"Left"people’s Great Power Mentality scores higher.

The New Trend of India's Rising as a Great Power

Since Modi took office as Indian prime minister in 2014,India has quickened its pace toward great power status.Although the Indian government did not issue relevant documents and did not systematically give official statements,from the perspective of Modi’s domestic and foreign policies the outline of its strategy of rising as a great power

Road to Great Power in Telecom

Chinese telecom industry is experiencing the transition from a large-scale market to a giant with powerful telecom services and applications.Learning from the successful experiences of Japan,South Korea and Germany,China may find a proper solution to problems existing in the development of its telecom industry.The solution can be defined as predetermined strategies,governmental guidance and coordination between enterprises.

Approach to the Geopolitical Influences of Great Powers in Southeast Asia: Case Studies of China and the US

A quantitative approach to the national geopolitical influence is helpful to provide a reference for national sustainable development on the international stage, based on describing national diplomatic capacity and overseas influence. Herein, this study proposes a complex geopolitical influence model, considering the affected nations' response. The geopolitical influences of great power in the affected nation are correlated with overall strength, the acceptance degree of the affected nation to the great power and the distance between both sides. Then, the geopolitical influences of China and the US in Southeast Asia countries are empirically analyzed from 2005 to 2015. The geopolitical influence of China in Southeast Asia has been largely growing for the past decades, accompanying with a constant trend of the US' effects. It is believed that China and the US can coexist peacefully in Southeast Asia to promote the regional development, and jointly create an open, inclusive and balanced regional cooperation architecture that benefits all nations in this region and great powers, through mutual political trust and economic beneficial cooperation. This study may contribute to advancing the policy debate and determining the optimal cooperation in pledging commitment to a new and sustainable model of great power relationship among the various regional geopolitical options.

Shifting Great Power Relations: Toward Consolidation of US Hegemony

The series of unilateral foreign policies taken by US President Donald Trump has worsened relations between the US and other powers including China, Russia, the EU and Japan, prompting their officials to turn to seeking bilateral arrangements when need arises. Though among these countries there is willingness to cooperate, the US seeks to consolidate hegemony. The US focus is to contain China and sanction Russia in economic and trade fields. In geopolitics and security, the EU and Japan are heavily dependent on the US and follow the US lead.

Trade,Power,and Welfare:An International Economic Political Analysis of Great Power Competition

Traditional international trade theories seldom consider the pursuit of power as maintaining and enlarging a country's relative strength in the process of interstate competition.However,in the context of great power competition,the importance of power in the trade between advanced and latecomer countries has become more pronounced.Given this situation,we can establish a tractable and generalized international economic political framework for analyzing great power competition by introducing the power factor into classic two-country trade theory,treating the absolute welfare and relative welfare emphasized by economics and political science respectively as actors'dual objectives,and making use of game theory methods.It can be found that in a two-country game composed of an advanced and a latecomer country,the latter will prefer a strategy of"enhancing its own strength and rectifying its own weak points,"while the former will favor a strategy that""worsens the other's weak points and enhances the other's strengths."Once the technological gap that determines comparative advantage narrows,the advanced country will tend to totally suppress the latecomer and even"decouple"from it.

大国竞争背景下新质生产力形成的理论逻辑与实现路径

新质生产力是习近平总书记基于大国竞争背景下我国发展阶段、发展环境、发展条件变化,作出的具有根本性、全局性、长远性的重大战略判断。在新一代信息技术加速突破应用、先进制造技术加速产业转型的新发展阶段,形成新质生产力既是构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的必然要求,也是我国建设现代化经济体系的关键动能,关系我国在未来发展和国际竞争中赢得战略主动。新质生产力的内涵是以引领国际经济体系变革、重塑现代化产业体系、提升企业核心竞争力为目的,从传统生产力向新质生产力的演化升级应该包含国际竞争、国家优势和企业发展三个层面整个生产范式的转变。文章以马克思主义政治经济学、习近平经济思想、习近平生态文明思想为理论支撑,提出“新质生产力”的理论构建包括三个维度:一是微观载体——打造世界一流企业;二是中观治理——提升国际竞争优势;三是宏观发展——构建人类命运共同体。文章将新质生产力形成的理论逻辑和实践路径融入中国当前的发展战略中,从转变企业发展范式、重塑现代化产业体系和建设新的全球治理体系三个方面提出形成新质生产力的改革路径,三条路径相辅相成、协同发力,共同为新质生产力的形成注入活力,使得生产力发展更好地服务于中国高质量发展的战略定位。

新质生产力推动经济社会高质量发展探析

新质生产力是新兴产业和未来产业的崭新探索,是解决新时代社会主要矛盾的关键抓手,是由粗放发展向高质量发展转型的必由之路。加快形成和转型新质生产力,就是抓住了中国式现代化和高质量发展的关键环节。形成新质生产力是推动其他领域现代化的源头活水,是推动经济社会高质量发展的重要动力,是解决新时代社会主要矛盾变化的关键一招,是数字融合和促进未来产业、新兴产业的关键环节。目前我国仍面临着数字实体融合进程受阻、整体创新能力不足、资源环境较脆弱、人口老龄化等现实困境。在中国式现代化进程中,以新质生产力推动经济社会高质量发展必须坚持创新是第一动力的核心地位,加快建设科技强国;坚持完善科技创新体系,加快实现高水平科技自立自强;坚持以战略性新兴产业、未来产业为主要阵地;全方位提高劳动者素质,为新质生产力的形成和发展提供人才保障。以真正实现新质生产力的跃升为高质量发展提供有效支撑和持续动力,才能不断推进中国式现代化伟大征程行稳致远。

大国竞争背景下的人工智能安全治理与战略稳定

在大国战略竞争加剧的背景下,实现对人工智能的有效治理,不仅关乎人类社会的发展,而且影响国际战略稳定。中国和美国作为全球人工智能领域的两大关键行为体,在该领域的治理理念和方式上存在差异。美国依赖技术优势推行单边主导型治理,将人工智能界定为战略竞争的前沿领域,坚持绝对安全理念,试图将监管体系按照人工智能技术和产业生态延展并聚焦于数据资源,尝试构建以美国为中心的非对称单向度的数据流动秩序。中国则坚持真正的多边主义,以总体国家安全观为指引,朝着构建网络空间命运共同体的方向,推动人工智能的全球治理朝着普惠、包容、弹性、灵活的方向发展。中国也非常关切支撑人工智能创新与产业发展所必需的数据资源,努力构建并持续完善以有序流动、分级分类治理为核心特征的数据治理架构,强调均衡考量各方利益,统筹安全与发展,以此作为推进人工智能全球安全治理的核心思路。展望未来,全球人工智能安全治理面临诸多挑战和机遇,各国需要加强沟通与协调,共同应对安全风险,推动人工智能技术健康发展。

美国军事战略的人工智能化趋势及其影响

近年来,在新一轮科技革命影响下,美国对其军事战略进行了人工智能化调整,试图沿袭技术制胜的军事思想传统,围绕在大国战略竞争中取胜这一目标,以新兴技术推进军事能力建设,打造一体化协同作战部队和军事情报系统,塑造针对特定目标进行精准打击的能力。为此,美国发布了一系列战略文件和具体方案推动人工智能的军事化应用。美国国防部建立了以人工智能为核心的组织架构和管理系统,重点发展人工智能人才队伍,加大新技术研发的军费投入,推动军民产业和技术融合,加强与盟友的技术合作。美国军事战略的人工智能化调整会刺激其他国家进行相应变革,进而加剧以人工智能竞争为焦点的大国战略竞争。人工智能技术难以溯源和易于扩散的特点将削弱核威慑的效用,其广泛军事化应用将催生新的战争形态。基于此,中国应密切关注新技术革命的发展趋势和美国军事战略变化的动向,做好应对准备。

“印太战略”框架下美国对太平洋岛国的嵌入式援助

嵌入式援助是指一国在对外援助的过程中,利用本国的政治力量、社会力量和市场力量优势把本国的治理理念、规范制度、治理模式嵌入到受援国的治理架构中,重构受援国治理体系和治理能力,以深度影响受援国治理议程和政策偏好为目标的援助形态。近年来,出于制衡中国崛起、利用太平洋岛国的独特地缘战略价值、护持太平洋霸权和扩展软实力影响的战略需要,美国将太平洋岛国纳入其“印太战略”框架,着力实施嵌入式援助,推动太平洋岛国与美国实现战略耦合,呈现出多主体参与、全政府协同、注重治理经验输出、依赖联盟网络、采用项目外包和嵌入领域广泛的特点。美国的嵌入式援助在本质上就是以柔性、隐蔽和伪善的方式,试图在大国竞争中以治理软实力塑造太平洋岛国的美国认知、治理结构与对外关系,维护其在太平洋岛国的话语影响力和战略控制力,稳定由其主导的“印太秩序”。由于受到自身霸权相对衰落、部分太平洋岛国与美国存在利益冲突以及太平洋岛国的自主性增强等多重因素限制,未来美国对太平洋岛国的嵌入式援助成效将充满不确定性。

美国教育发展战略的时代特征与基本逻辑:从美苏冷战到中美竞争

教育安全国家将教育战略规划纳入国家经济和军事战略规划,通过提升人力资本和塑造意识形态两条路径,将科学、数学和意识形态的教学置于学校课程中心。美国作为典型的“教育安全国家”,在不同的大国竞争时期,其教育发展战略具有不同的时代特征,在美苏冷战时期,注重通过教育助力其与苏联展开意识形态和军事领域的竞争;在中美竞争时期,侧重于帮助其保持全球霸主地位和遏制中国发展,其内容与手段也有所变化,且更为重视人力资本的提升。但美国的教育发展战略也体现出了基本逻辑,即通过STEM教育、关键外语教育等战略提升人力资本,通过公民教育与美国历史教育、国际教育战略等手段塑造意识形态,以实现其赋能国家竞争力提升和维护国家安全的目的。

教育强国的几个底层问题

关于教育强国建设,依然还有几个源头和底层问题需要讨论。第一个底层问题是到底什么是教育强国?教育强国的重心是以教育“强”国。只有做如此理解,才可以回答为什么在已有《教育现代化2035》之后没多久还需要一份《教育强国建设规划纲要》。第二个底层问题是什么国家才称得上教育强国?各个国家在教育领域都存在一些共同的挑战,哪个国家能率先攻克这些难题或者做得更好,这个国家就是教育强国。指标不是教育强国的本质,而是对教育强国的解释。第三个底层问题是教育何以强国?所有立志于成为大国的国家都一样,它需要教育从三大方面来“强”国:一是巩固和扩大本国的意识形态优势,二是为产业参与国际竞争提供高质量人才,三是支撑高水平科技自立自强。第四个底层问题是如何实现教育强国?教育强国有三大战略任务,一是把决定一个国家是否能真正成为教育强国的关键内容,定位为主战场任务来正面攻坚。二是抓住智能社会的历史机遇,开辟智能教育新赛道;三是降低教育强国建设征途中的羁绊,打通掣肘点。

高等教育强国视域下高校教学改革的逻辑和路径

深化教学改革是建设高等教育强国的重要举措。在改革取向上,高校教学改革应以“立德树人”为根本宗旨,秉持唯物主义的辩证教学观,适应经济社会发展需求,增强产教融合的契合度;立足科技支撑的现代教学观,紧跟科技发展前沿,提高科教融汇的适配度;突出人文日新的主体教学观,推动文化传承创新,强化文教结合的协同度。在基本逻辑上,注重教学内容的理论与实践、传统与现代的有机结合,教学方式的个性与共性、效率与质量的辩证统一,教学场景中人与人、人与技术的和谐共生。在改革路径上,应进一步完善教学治理的制度设计,促进教学资源的有效整合,加速教学要素的集成创新,优化教学生态的融合互通。

适应不确定性:菲律宾对冲战略的演变逻辑

2010年以来,菲律宾的对冲战略经历了短暂调整、瓦解、重塑与再次调整4个阶段。如何解释菲律宾对冲战略的演变动态?在美国强化对华竞争的背景下,第三方国家对冲实施的历时性变化成为日益重要的研究议题。对冲战略的实施演变理论上可分为维持、调整与瓦解三种状态。应对不确定性是对冲实施的基本逻辑,其在不确定性条件下具有明显的功能。在中美菲三方关系结构下,菲律宾领导人需要不断评估外部威胁与安全承诺两类具体的不确定性因素,对两类不确定性的评估影响了对冲战略的功能,进而引发其实施演变。阿基诺三世政府对冲战略的短暂调整与瓦解、杜特尔特政府对冲战略的重塑与维持,以及杜特尔特执政后期尤其是小马科斯执政后对冲战略再次转向选边立场的调整,是领导人为实现利益最大化、不断评估和适应不确定性的结果。该研究有助于进一步理解不确定性与对冲实施的关系,对于分析对冲实施的动态变化问题具有现实意义。