Forest succession trajectories after fi res in valleys and on slopes in the Greater Khingan Mountains,China

Accurate assessment of postfire vegetation recovery is important for forest management and the conservation of species diversity.Topography is an important factor aff ecting vegetation recovery but whether species composition varies with diff erent recovery stages and between valleys and slopes is unclear.Using fi eld data and a space-for-time substitution method,we quantifi ed species richness and diversity to obtain the successional trajectories of valleys and slopes.We surveyed the species of 10 burned areas from 1986 to 2010 in the Greater Khingan Mountains in northeastern China,and found that with increasing postfi re recovery time,species richness in both valleys and slopes gradually decreased.However,species richness in valleys was relatively higher.Shrubs recovered rapidly in the valleys,and species diversity maximized approximately 11 years after fi re.However,it maximized 17–18 years after fi re on the slopes.Numerous shade-tolerant species were present in the valleys 11 years after fi re but not until after 18 years on slopes.Larch appeared earlier than 11 years after fi re and its recovery was slow in the valleys but appeared quickly on slopes and established dominance early.Our study provides some new insights into vegetation succession after fi re at local scales.After fi re,the vegetation recovery processes diff er with topography and it aff ects the initial rate of recovery and species composition at diff erent successional stages.

Analysis on Natural Regeneration Characteristics and Growth Factors of Two Cut-over Lands of Larix gmelini Forests in Greater Khingan Mountains

[Objective] This study aims to analyze the natural regeneration characteristics and growth factors of two cut-over lands of Larix gmelini forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. [Method] A database was established based on the information of natural regeneration cut-over sample plots of Larix gmelini forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. Natural regeneration characteristics of clear-cutting sample plot and shelterwood-cutting sample plot of Larix gmelini in the northern regions of Greater Khingan Mountains were investigated by programming analysis. [Result] The natural regeneration of two principal felling systems was both good, and that of shelterwood-cutting sample plot was better. There were significant linear regression relationships among various growth factors of naturally regenerated plants. [Conclusion] This study provided scientific theoretical guidance for subsequent deforestation and regeneration in Greater Khingan Mountains.

The driving factors and their interactions of fire occurrence in Greater Khingan Mountains, China

Fire is an important disturbance in terms of forest management.A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between the spatial distribution of fire occurrence and its driving factors are critical for effective forest fire management.To reveal biogeoclimatic and anthropogenic influences,this study introduced a geographical detector model to quantitatively examine the effects of multiple individual factors and their combinations on spatial patterns of fire occurrence in the Greater Khingan Mountains between 1980 and 2009.The geographical detector computes the explanatory power(q value)to measure the connection between driving factors and spatial distributions of fire occurrence.Kernel density estimation revealed the spatial variability of fire occurrence which was impacted by bandwidth.30 km might be the optimal bandwidth in this study.The biogeoclimatic and anthropogenic effects were explored using topography,climate,vegetation,and human activity factors as proxies.Our results indicated that solar radiation had the most influence on the spatial pattern of fire occurrence in the study area.Meanwhile,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,temperature,wind speed,and vegetation type were determined as the major driving factors.For various groups of driving factors,climate variables were the dominant factors for the density of fire occurrence,while vegetation exerted a strong influence.The interactions between the driving factors had a more significant impact than a single factor.Individually,the factors in the topography and human activity groups exhibited weaker influences.However,their effects were enhanced when combined with climate and vegetation factors.This study improves our understanding of various driving factors and their combined influences on fire occurrences of the study area in a spatial context.The findings of this study verify that the geographical detector is applicable in revealing the driving factors of fire occurrence.

Molecular Organic Geochemical Characteristics and Coal Gas Potential Evaluation of Mesozoic Coal Seams in the Western Great Khingan Mountains

Coal-bearing strata are widespread in the western Great Khingan Mountains. Abundant coal resources have been found in the Jurassic Alatanheli Groups, the Cretaceous Bayanhua Groups, the Damoguaihe Formation and the Yimin Formation. The organic geochemical characteristics were analyzed in combination with hydrocarbon source rock evaluation and molecular organic geochemistry experiments, and the coal gas potential of coal seams was evaluated. The source rock evaluation results indicated that the Mesozoic coal samples have the characteristics of high organic matter abundance(TOC>30%), low maturity(Ro values of approximately 0.6%), and type Ⅲ composition. The hydrocarbon generation potentials of the Alatanheli Groups and Bayanhua Groups are high, while the generation potentials of the Damoguaihe Formation and the Yimin Formation are low. The results of geochemistry show that the depositional environment of the coal seam was a lacustrine, oxidizing environment with a low salinity, and the source of the organic matter was mainly higher plants. Affected by weak degradation, the coal seams mainly formed low-maturity gas of thermal catalytic origin. The Cretaceous coal seams contain a large amount of phytoplankton groups deposited in a low-stability environment affected by a transgression event, and the potential range varied widely. For the Jurassic coal seams, the depositional environment was more stable, and the coal seams feature a higher coal-forming gas potential.

The Discovery of the Bivalve Fossil Arguniella from the Lower Cretaceous Shangkuli Formation in Northern Greater Khingan Mountains, China: Implications for Stratigraphic Correlation

Objective Typical Early Cretaceous non-marine bivalve fossils from Eastern Asia are represented by the Arguniella-Sphaerium assemblage,and they were important members of the Jehol Biota.Historically,the genus Arguniella in western Liaoning had been mistakenly identified as the Jurassic Ferganoconcha,re-identified as Arguniella with。

Effects of altitude and slope on the climate–radial growth relationships of Larix olgensis A.Henry in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains,Northeast China

Background:The relationship between climate and radial growth of trees exhibits spatial variation due to environ-mental changes.Therefore,elucidation of how the growth–climate responses of trees vary in space is essential for understanding forest growth dynamics to facilitate scientific management with the ongoing global climate warming.To explore the altitudinal and slope variations of these interactions,tree-ring width chronologies of Larix olgensis A.Henry were analyzed in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains,Northeast China.Results:The radial growth of L.olgensis exhibited significant 5-to 10-year periodic changes at three altitudes and two slopes,and the frequency change occurred mainly during the early growth stage and after 2000.The radial growth of L.olgensis was significantly negatively correlated with September precipitation only at low altitudes,but also with the mean temperature in July–August and the mean maximum temperature in June–August at high altitudes.The radial growth of L.olgensis at low and middle altitudes as well as on the sunny slope led to a higher demand for moisture,while temperature was the key limiting factor at high altitudes and on the shady slope.Conclusions:The climate–radial growth relationship of L.olgensis exhibits altitudinal and slope variability.This study quantitatively describes the spatially varying growth–climate responses of L.olgensis in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains,which provides basic data for the management of L.olgensis forests and the prediction of future climate impacts on forest ecosystems.

大兴安岭大杨树火山盆地西缘金矿的发现及找矿意义

大兴安岭中生代火山盆地是区域上寻找浅成低温火山热液型金矿床的有利区,前人在大杨树火山盆地西缘开展1∶5万矿产调查时,已圈定出张点和扎罗梅2处远景区。利用零星的槽探工程开展物化探异常验证:在张点矿区发现1条稳定延伸的含金石英脉,长约0.95 km,视厚度为5~15 m,最高金品位为88.25×10^(-6);在扎罗梅矿区发现2条金矿体、1条金矿化体、1条银矿体,其中I号和II号金矿体被推断为同一条金矿体,长度大于600 m,视厚度为2~3 m,最高金品位为5.83×10^(-6),IV号银矿体视厚度为4.0 m,最高品位为(50.90~310.00)×10^(-6)。综合分析两个矿区的土壤化探异常和激电中梯测量视极化率异常特征,并与区域上三道湾子等金矿床的成矿地质条件进行对比,认为张点和扎罗梅矿区的金矿点具有中—大型成矿资源潜力。大杨树火山盆地边缘金矿点的发现可为大兴安岭火山岩带的金矿勘查部署提供参考,促进勘查及研究程度的提高,有助于实现找矿突破。

The climate change variations in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains during the past centuries

The Greater Khingan Mountains （Daxinganling） are China＇s important ecological protective screen and also the region most sensitive to climate changes. To gain an in-depth understanding and reveal the climate change characteristic in this high-latitude, cold and data-insufficient region is of great importance to maintaining ecological safety and corre- sponding to global climate changes. In this article, the annual average temperature, precipi- tation and sunshine duration series were firstly constructed using tree-ring data and the me- teorological observation data. Then, using the climate tendency rate method, moving-t-testing method, Yamamoto method and wavelet analysis method, we have investigated the climate changes in the region during the past 307 years. Results indicate that, since 1707, the annual average temperature increased significantly, the precipitation increased slightly and the sun- shine duration decreased, with the tendency rates of 0.06~C/10a, 0.79 mm/10a and -5.15 h/10a, respectively （P〈~0.01）. Since the 21 st century, the period with the greatest increase of the annual average temperature （also with the greatest increase of precipitation） corresponds to the period with greatest decrease of sunshine duration. Three sudden changes of the an- nual average temperature and sunshine duration occurred in this period while two sudden changes of precipitation occurred. The strong sudden-change years of precipitation and sunshine duration are basically consistent with the sudden-change years of annual average temperature, suggesting that in the mid-1860s, the climatic sudden change or transition really existed in this region. In the time domain, the climatic series of this region exhibit obvious local variation characteristics. The annual average temperature and sunshine duration exhibit the periodic variations of 25 years while the precipitation exhibits a periodic variation of 20 years. Based on these periodic characteristics, one can infer that in the period from 2013 to 2030, the temperature will be at a high-temperature stage, the precipitation will be at an abundant-precipitation stage and the sunshine duration will be at an less-sunshine stage. In terms of spatial distribution, the leading distribution type of the annual average temperature in this region shows integrity, i.e：, it is easily higher or lower in the whole region; and the second distribution type is more （or less） in the southwest parts and less （or more） in the northeast parts. Precipitation and sunshine duration exhibit complex spatial distribution and include four spatial distribution types. The present study can provide scientific basis for the security in- vestigation of homeland, ecological and water resources as well as economic development programming in China＇s northern borders.

大兴安岭古代多文种摩崖题记铭文

作者及考察组自2019年以来以大兴安岭地区为重点,开展广泛的古代多文种摩崖题记铭文调查研究,在赤峰市、兴安盟、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市、锡林郭勒盟等游牧山区以及呼和浩特等古代通道相关地点进行历史遗迹踏查,发现60多处600余条辽、金、元、明、清时期形成的题记碑刻铭文,涉及汉文、契丹大字、契丹小字、女真文、回鹃文、回鹃蒙古文、八思巴文、叙利亚文、梵文、波斯文、藏文等多文种。这些摩崖题记铭文多数为墨书题记,国内属于首次发现,文种多样并且规模惊人,是极为珍贵的中国古代北方地区多文种历史文化文献史料群。

大兴安岭重度火烧迹地不同林龄落叶松人工林土壤团聚体养分特征

[目的]为探寻大兴安岭重度火烧迹地植被恢复后不同林龄落叶松人工林下土壤团聚体养分含量与分布的变化。[方法]以大兴安岭1987年发生特大森林火灾形成的重度火烧迹地上分别在1989年、2000年、2010年种植的落叶松人工林(11,21,32年)作为研究对象,通过测定土壤团聚体各粒级有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,开展土壤团聚体养分分布特征研究。[结果](1)在重度火烧迹地上不同林龄的落叶松人工林中,土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效钾的含量均随着粒径的减小逐渐上升,<0.5 mm粒级含量最大。(2)随着落叶松人工林林龄的增长,土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量均逐渐上升。32年落叶松人工林土壤团聚体有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量相较于11年落叶松人工林分别显著增加77.35%~130.24%,77.61%~143.36%,105.84%~147.98%,94.58%~155.96%,206.98%~537.09%(p<0.05)。21年落叶松人工林土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳含量高于11年落叶松人工林,但二者无明显差异。(3)土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳与全氮和碱解氮极显著相关(p<0.01),土壤有机碳和碱解氮含量与<0.25 mm粒级含量相关性最强,全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾与>0.25 mm粒级含量极显著相关(p<0.01)。[结论]落叶松人工林土壤团聚体养分呈表聚现象。大兴安岭重度火烧迹地上种植的落叶松人工林,随着林龄的增大土壤团聚体养分含量增加,种植32年的落叶松人工林显著提升土壤团聚体的养分含量,研究结果可为大兴安岭重度火烧迹地人工植被恢复工作提供科学依据。

孢粉记录的晚全新世以来大兴安岭北部多年冻土泥炭地演化及其影响因素

当前泥炭所揭示的区域古植被、古气候与环境变化相关工作已广泛开展,然而对于泥炭地本身演化的研究却很少涉及,尤其是对于大兴安岭北部多年冻土泥炭地演化及其影响因素仍不清晰,阻碍了人们对这一特殊类型泥炭地历史动态和未来发展趋势的认知。为此基于大兴安岭北部多年冻土泥炭岩芯孢粉证据,利用AMS14C测年技术,重建了区域3500 cal a BP以来植被与气候历史,并与其他古气候指标进行对比,从而揭示区域泥炭地演化及其影响因素。结果表明:3500—2900 cal a BP植被以松属、喜暖乔木及水龙骨科为主,气候温暖湿润成为泥炭孕育期;2900—2250 cal a BP植被以松属、喜暖乔木及蒿属为主,气候温暖潮湿成为泥炭发育启动期;2250—1650 cal a BP植被以松属、桦属及水龙骨科为主,气候寒冷湿润成为泥炭发育旺盛期;1650—1150 cal a BP植被以松属和蒿属为主,气候寒冷干燥成为泥炭发育减缓和停滞期;1150—750 cal a BP阔叶林和湿地植被扩张,气候温暖湿润成为泥炭发育再次启动期,完成由富营养沼泽到中营养沼泽类型的转变;750 cal a BP至今植被以松属、桤木属及莎草科为主,气候寒冷湿润成为泥炭发育再次旺盛期,中营养沼泽开始向贫营养沼泽类型过渡。造成多年冻土泥炭地演化的主导因素并不是地质地貌变动和人类活动,而是来自气候变化及其驱动下多年冻土环境的改变,因此气候变化才是影响多年冻土泥炭地演化的主动力,未来多年冻土泥炭地变化取决于全球气候的发展。

呼伦贝尔巴彦塔拉砂砾石剖面沉积物组成和锆石U⁃Pb年龄——对沉积环境和区域岩浆构造事件的指示

【目的】砂砾石沉积物的沉积学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代研究对于地层划分、水系演化以及揭示山体的构造隆升历史和区域构造岩浆事件等具有重要意义。然而,呼伦贝尔巴彦塔拉砂砾石剖面薄弱的认知限制了其地层划分以及区域地表过程的深入理解。【方法】为此,对该剖面进行了沉积学、重矿物、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学分析。【结果】(1)沉积学、重矿物、地球化学特征和地貌证据以及锆石U-Pb年龄综合分析显示,巴彦塔拉砂砾石剖面沉积物主要是来自大兴安岭北段的中—酸性岩浆母岩,是初次循环的结果,沉积物堆积后经历了中等程度的化学风化;(2)结合宏观和微观角度(重矿物和地球化学指标等),并与大兴安岭东麓白土山组标准剖面对比,认为巴彦塔拉砂砾石剖面沉积物是在温暖偏干的氧化环境下形成的冲—洪积物堆积,其地层单位可以划分为白土山组;(3)构造背景判别图解表明构造背景为被动大陆边缘,碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄在100~200 Ma和250~350 Ma的年龄峰值记录了大兴安岭北段在古亚洲洋的闭合和古太平洋的俯冲、回退的区域构造背景下触发的多期岩浆构造事件。【结论】该研究为大兴安岭地区第四纪地层的划分和早更新世区域地表过程的重建提供了新的证据。

蒙古—鄂霍次克洋俯冲的火成岩记录:来自大兴安岭花岗岩类的证据

大兴安岭地区出露大规模的中生代花岗岩类岩石,它们的形成与蒙古—鄂霍次克洋或古太平洋的关系仍具有争论(杨华本等,2020;王亚东等,2023)。本研究通过野外调查采样,对大兴安岭北部黑河—白石砬子一带附近出露的18个花岗岩类岩石样品进行了岩石学、地质年代学和地球化学研究。

基于PLUS-InVEST模型的大兴安岭生态系统碳储量时空变化与预测

探究不同土地利用情景下陆地生态系统固碳能力对于提高区域碳储量具有重要意义。结合InVEST和PLUS模型,分析1992—2020年大兴安岭土地利用类型和碳储量的时空变化特征,预测自然发展、耕地保护和生态保护情景下,2030年和2060年大兴安岭碳储量时空变化。结果表明:1992—2020年,研究区主要土地利用类型为林地和耕地,占总面积90%以上,土地利用变化主要以林地和建设用地扩张及草地面积缩减为主。近30年碳储量整体呈现先减少后增加的趋势,共增加1.89×10^(7) t,其空间分布呈现中心高两侧低,碳储量增加主要受林地面积增加影响。在耕地护情景下,2030年和2060年碳储量增加减缓,相较于自然发展情景分别减少了2.95×10^(6)和1.00×10^(6) t;生态保护情景下,碳储量增加最显著,相较于自然发展情景分别增加了9.40×10^(6)和30.22×10^(6) t。耕地保护情景可有效保障耕地数量,但区域碳储量的增长较为缓慢;而生态保护情景下林地等生态用地面积大幅度增加,碳储量显著提高。未来大兴安岭国土空间规划需综合统筹生态优先和耕地保护政策,提升区域碳汇能力,实现绿色高质量发展。

大兴安岭北部不同海拔樟子松树轮宽度对气候因子的响应

海拔梯度作为一个重要的环境因素,对植物的分布、种类、生长速度和生理特征具有深远的影响。为探究大兴安岭北部不同海拔樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)树轮宽度对气候因子的响应差异,利用大兴安岭北部满归地区5个海拔樟子松的树芯样本,建立树轮宽度年表,并分析5个海拔樟子松树木径向生长特征与气候要素的相关关系,进而探讨了不同海拔间的树木生长气候响应异同及响应关系的稳定性。研究结果表明,与其他海拔相比,中高海拔(1150m)樟子松树轮宽度年表可能包含更多的气候信息。树轮宽度年表与气候因子的相关分析表明,高海拔(1200 m)樟子松对温度的响应并不明显,仅与上年10月和当年9月的气温呈显著正相关,中高海拔和中海拔(900 m)的樟子松分别对生长季4—9月和5—8月的温度表现出较好的显著正相关,中低海拔(800 m)和低海拔(700 m)的樟子松均受到了干旱胁迫的抑制,均与当年6月的降水量呈显著正相关,与4月和6月的温度呈显著负相关,与上年10月到当年9月的帕默尔干旱指数均呈极显著正相关。气温发生突变后,高海拔、中高海拔和中海拔樟子松的生长趋势显著上升,而中低海拔和低海拔樟子松的生长趋势下降。相关结果显示,当年5月的平均最低气温是高海拔、中高海拔和中海拔树轮宽度增加的主要原因。滑动相关分析结果显示,高海拔和低海拔的樟子松对气候因子的敏感性均减弱,中高海拔和中海拔樟子松对温度的敏感性增强,但中海拔樟子松对帕默尔干旱指数的敏感性减弱,中低海拔樟子松对降水和帕默尔干旱指数的敏感性均减弱。研究揭示了大兴安岭北部不同海拔樟子松树木年轮宽度与气候因子之间的复杂关系,并为评估大兴安岭樟子松对未来气候变化的适应能力提供了科学依据。

基于InVEST模型的大兴安岭天保工程区碳储量时空变化研究

为给大兴安岭天保工程区生态系统保护和土地利用规划提供科学依据,以大兴安岭天保工程区为研究区,基于研究区2000—2020年土地利用数据和各地类碳密度数据,运用InVEST模型碳储量模块对大兴安岭天保工程区2000—2020年生态系统的碳储量进行估算,并通过土地利用转移矩阵分析土地利用类型之间的相互转化对碳储量的影响。结果显示:(1)研究区2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年碳储量分别为569.87×10^(7)、573.22×10^(7)、573.69×10^(7)、572.42×10^(7)、573.14×10^(7) t,呈增加趋势,累计增加3.27×10^(7) t;(2)碳储量较高的地区主要分布在北部和中部,较低的区域主要分布西部、南部、东南角和东部小区域;(3)林地是研究区最重要的碳库,其碳储量占研究区固碳总量的93.31%,林地和耕地面积的增加是大兴安岭天保工程区碳储量增加的主要原因。研究结果表明:天保工程促使大兴安岭林地面积保持稳定并且呈现出一定增长趋势,提高了大兴安岭的整体固碳能力。在未来,大兴安岭应当继续实施和巩固天然林保护工程,继续坚持退耕还林还草政策,通过合理的行政规划,调控草地和耕地向建设性用地转换;此外,通过人工种植、草畜平衡的政策,围栏封育和优化种苗的方式来缓解草地退化,修复草地生态系统;而耕地则通过间作套作、改良品种、合理使用肥料等方法提高产量。

基于结构方程模型的大兴安岭北部天然林林下草本物种多样性驱动力分析

林下草本层植物在森林群落结构稳定性的调节和生态功能的发挥上具有非常重要的作用,是森林生态系统不可或缺的组成部分。以大兴安岭北部天然林为研究对象,运用结构方程模型探究气候、土壤和林分空间结构等环境因子对林下草本物种多样性的相对重要性,并探讨影响因子之间存在的复杂关系对林下草本物种多样性的影响机理。结果表明,从整体上来看,气候、土壤和林分空间结构对林下草本物种多样性均有较强的影响作用,其中气候的影响强度最大,土壤次之,林分空间结构的影响作用最小。从中介效应上来看,气候变化会导致土壤和林分空间结构发生变化,进而影响林下草本物种多样性,除此之外,还发现林分空间结构的改变,也会导致土壤性质发生变化,进而影响林下草本物种多样性。从影响系数上来看,影响林下草本物种多样性的驱动因子因各影响因素的不同而存在差异,年均降水、有机碳含量、混交度是分别表征气候因子、土壤因子、林分空间结构影响林下草本物种多样性的主导因子。在大兴安岭林区开展林下草本物种多样性保护及修复工作时,可适当调整混交度,维持合理的林分结构,并综合考虑改善土壤养分的森林经营方案。

大兴安岭西南山麓河流水体多环芳烃污染特征与风险评价

选取我国寒温带大兴安岭西南山麓地区典型河流哈拉哈河和洮儿河中上游及其部分支流为研究区域,考察水体多环芳烃(PAHs)的空间分布规律、来源及风险,丰富我国北方高纬度地表水环境中PAHs污染基础数据库.结果表明,哈拉哈河水体中16种优先控制PAHs化合物总量浓度为16.91—201.14 ng·L^(-1)(平均值为91.32 ng·L^(-1)),洮儿河水体PAHs检出浓度为48.10—244.57 ng·L^(-1)(平均值为106.77 ng·L^(-1)).河流PAHs赋存水平与水体综合污染指数水质评价结果较为一致,即轻度污染状态的洮儿河水体PAHs赋存浓度略高于清洁状态的哈拉哈河.与国内不同温度带典型河流水体中PAHs赋存量相比,大兴安岭西南山麓地区河流水体PAHs污染程度整体处于较低水平,主要与区域人类活动强度较低有关.以不同环数计,哈拉哈河和洮儿河水体PAHs组成均以低分子量(2环和3环)化合物为主,分别占PAHs检出总量的91%和87%.PAHs单体化合物特征比值(Ant/(Ant+Phe)、Fla/(Fla+Pyr)、BaA/(BaA+Chr))溯源分析显示,哈拉哈河和洮儿河水体PAHs主要来自于石油源、煤炭和木材等生物质的燃烧.综合运用风险熵值法、致癌和非致癌风险评价模型评估哈拉哈河与洮儿河水体PAHs生态风险和人群暴露健康风险,显示Ant是主要的生态风险因子,其次为Flt、Pyr、BaA、Chr,其余单体化合物生态风险较低,河流水体PAHs赋存不存在健康风险.

林下植被对寒温带兴安落叶松林土壤磷形态及有效性的影响

[目的]由于大兴安岭寒温带兴安落叶松林下植被差异较大,其土壤理化性质也有较大差异,研究不同林下植被兴安落叶松林土壤磷形态变化特征及有效性,为科学评价寒温带森林土壤磷素供给水平及磷循环研究提供科学数据。[方法]选取大兴安岭寒温带4种林下植被兴安落叶松林(兴安杜鹃-落叶松林、杜香-落叶松林、苔草-落叶松林和苔藓-落叶松林)为研究对象,于2022年6,8,10月采集0-5,5-10,10-20 cm土层土壤样品,采用Hedley磷分级法测定土壤不同形态磷含量。[结果](1)观测期间4种林下植被兴安落叶松林土壤活性磷(H 2 O-Pi、NaHCO_(3)-Pi、NaHCO_(3)-Po)和中等活性磷(NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po)在6-10月总体呈降低趋势,中等活性磷含量占全磷的30.08%~52.80%,且中等活性磷均表现出无机磷含量高于有机磷含量。兴安杜鹃-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林0-20 cm土层活性磷、中等活性磷含量均高于苔草-落叶松林和苔藓-落叶松林。苔草-落叶松林土壤稳定性磷(HCl-Pi、HCl-Po、residual-P)均显著高于其他3种落叶松林,且稳定性磷占全磷的58.86%~65.81%。(2)4种林下植被落叶松林土壤全磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)和磷活化系数(PAC)在6-10月变化范围分别为391.81~1081.02,7.34~83.90 mg/kg和1.62%~7.76%,兴安杜鹃-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林土壤AP含量和PAC高于另外2种落叶松林,表现出较高的磷有效性;而苔草-落叶松林和苔藓-落叶松林在8,10月5-10,10-20 cm土层则出现供磷不足现象。(3)土壤含水率是兴安杜鹃-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林土壤磷的主要影响因素,可溶性碳是苔草-落叶松林的主要影响因素,而铵态氮对苔藓-落叶松林影响较大。[结论]林下植被对兴安落叶松林土壤磷形态及磷有效性有显著影响,兴安杜鹃-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林土壤活性磷组分、中等活性磷组分及有效磷含量较高,磷活化系数均在2.00%以上;而苔草-落叶松林土壤稳定性磷组分含量较高,土壤磷有效性相对较低。研究结果对寒温带森林生态系统林下植被生态功能及土壤养分循环研究具有重要意义。

不同年龄兴安落叶松单木径向生长对气候变化的响应

量化不同年龄兴安落叶松径向生长与气候因子之间的关系,为兴安落叶松天然林的适应性经营和管理提供决策依据。为此,以黑龙江省大兴安岭地区塔河林业局盘古林场2022年收集的159株兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)天然林单木样芯数据为基础,以树木年龄为标准,采用系统聚类方法将样木划分为幼龄组、中龄组和老龄组;运用树木年轮学方法建立标准年表,进而比较和分析不同年龄树木径向生长与气候因子的关系,并采用多元逐步回归法构建对气候敏感的单木径向生长预测模型。结果表明,1)4组(整体组、老龄组、中龄组、幼龄期)兴安落叶松树轮宽度年表的总体样本解释量(EPS)、平均敏感度(MS)和信噪比(SNR)均较高,表明所建立的兴安落叶松标准年表保留了较丰富的气候信息;2)兴安落叶松径向生长主要限制因子为当年8月份温度、前一年8—10月份温度以及当年2、7月份和前一年7、12月份降水量;3)不同年龄兴安落叶松对气候因子的响应存在显著差异,其中,老龄组树木的径向生长不仅受当年夏季温度的制约,还受前一年夏季温度和降水的影响,呈现出显著的滞后效应,而幼龄组和中龄组兴安落叶松则受环境因素的影响相对较小。